Effect of season during late gestation on metabolic alterations, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress status in dairy cows and offspring

IF 2.5 2区 农林科学 Q3 REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
Mehmet Akköse , Mehmet Rıfat Vural
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Abstract

This study investigated oxidative stress, metabolic and inflammatory alterations, health status, and milk production in dairy cows that experienced heat stress in the dry period, and the effects on their newborn calves. The study material comprised 53 healthy Holstein cows, of which some experienced heat stress during the dry period (summer group; n = 25) whereas others did not (winter group; n = 28). The cows' body condition score and lactation number ranges were 3.0–3.5 and 2–5, respectively. Blood sampling for the cows was performed 21 days before the expected calving date and at the actual calving time, and for the calves immediately after birth (before colostrum intake) and at 24 h after birth. Each cow was sampled for colostrum from the first milking after calving. The serum samples of both cows and calves were analyzed for inflammatory parameters (haptoglobin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, interferon gamma (IFN-γ)), oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, nitric oxide (NO), paraoxanase (PON), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI)), and metabolic parameters (total protein (TP), creatinine, albumin, bilirubin, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)). The colostrum samples were analyzed for both immunoglobulin G (IgG) and lactoferrin concentrations, while the calves’ blood samples at 24 h after birth were analyzed for IgG concentration. Comparing the summer and winter group animals, respiratory rates (70.8 + 13.3 and 42.4 + 6.8, respectively) and rectal temperature (39.6 + 0.4 °C and 39.0 + 0.3 °C, respectively) were higher in the summer group animals. The gestation length was 7 days shorter in the summer group than winter group (270.21 ± 6.69 days and 277.44 ± 4.26 days, respectively), while colostral IgG concentration was lower (154.17 ± 56.96 mg/dl and 224.51 ± 91.10 mg/dl, respectively). Metritis/clinical endometritis incidence was higher in summer group. Cows in the summer group presented with lower serum cholesterol, ALP, IL-10, TNF-α, OSI, and catalase levels, and increased serum TP, MDA, NO, SOD, and GSH-Px levels. Calves born to the summer group cows displayed decreased serum ALP activity and increased serum MDA, NO, catalase, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-1β, and haptoglobin levels. In conclusion, experience of heat stress during the summer dry period led to: 1) induction of oxidative stress and disruption of metabolic processes in the dairy cows; 2) induction of oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in their newborn calves; 3) higher incidence of postpartum health problems and milk yield losses in the dairy cows.
妊娠后期季节对奶牛及其后代代谢改变、炎症反应和氧化应激状态的影响
本研究研究了奶牛在干燥期经历热应激的氧化应激、代谢和炎症改变、健康状况和产奶量,以及对新生小牛的影响。研究材料包括53头健康的荷斯坦奶牛,其中一些在干燥期经历了热应激(夏季组;N = 25),而其他组没有(冬季组;n = 28)。奶牛体况评分为3.0 ~ 3.5分,泌乳次数为2 ~ 5分。分别在预期产犊日期前21天和实际产犊时间、出生后(初乳摄入前)和出生后24小时对奶牛进行血液采样。每头奶牛产犊后第一次挤奶取初乳。分析奶牛和犊牛血清的炎症参数(接触球蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-17A、IL-10、IL-6、IL-1β、干扰素γ (IFN-γ))、氧化应激指标(丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶、一氧化氮(NO)、对氧化酶(PON)、总抗氧化状态(TAS)、总氧化状态(TOS)、氧化应激指数(OSI))。代谢参数(总蛋白(TP)、肌酐、白蛋白、胆红素、胆固醇、碱性磷酸酶(ALP))。测定犊牛初乳免疫球蛋白G (IgG)和乳铁蛋白浓度,测定犊牛出生后24 h血液IgG浓度。夏季组动物呼吸频率(70.8 + 13.3和42.4 + 6.8)和直肠温度(39.6 + 0.4°C和39.0 + 0.3°C)高于冬季组和夏季组。夏组妊娠期较冬组短7 d(分别为270.21±6.69天和277.44±4.26天),初乳IgG浓度较冬组低(分别为154.17±56.96 mg/dl和224.51±91.10 mg/dl)。夏季组子宫炎/临床子宫内膜炎发生率较高。夏季组奶牛血清胆固醇、ALP、IL-10、TNF-α、OSI和过氧化氢酶水平降低,血清TP、MDA、NO、SOD和GSH-Px水平升高。夏组犊牛血清ALP活性降低,血清MDA、NO、过氧化氢酶、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17A、IL-1β和触珠蛋白水平升高。综上所述,夏季干燥期的热应激导致:1)奶牛氧化应激的诱导和代谢过程的破坏;2)诱导新生牛犊的氧化应激和炎症反应;3)奶牛产后健康问题和产奶量损失发生率较高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Theriogenology
Theriogenology 农林科学-生殖生物学
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
14.30%
发文量
387
审稿时长
72 days
期刊介绍: Theriogenology provides an international forum for researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals in animal reproductive biology. This acclaimed journal publishes articles on a wide range of topics in reproductive and developmental biology, of domestic mammal, avian, and aquatic species as well as wild species which are the object of veterinary care in research or conservation programs.
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