Theriogenology最新文献

{"title":"In vitro maturation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) testicular spermatozoa in different media considering with motility, oxidative stress, fatty acid profile and fertilization capacity","authors":"Burak Evren İnanan","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Collection and usage of testicular spermatozoa are often required for reproduction practices due to low sperm volume, reduced sperm density, urine contamination, and utilization of spermatozoa of sex-reversed broodstocks. No previous study has investigated <em>in vitro</em> maturation (IVM) of Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) testicular spermatozoa, despite being a widely cultured species in the world. The main aim of the present study was to establish an IVM protocol for testicular spermatozoa of this species. Accordingly, testicular sperm samples were first diluted with four different media including Leibovitz L15 Medium (LE15), and monitored in terms of their motility parameters at 4 and 28 °C. After determination of the optimum medium (as LE15) and the most appropriate temperature condition (as the first 3 h at 28 °C and followed by incubation at 4 °C), the changes in oxidative condition as well as fertilization and hatching rates were determined. Motility parameters, oxidative status and fatty acid profiles of the testicular spermatozoa improved with this IVM protocol compared with those from fresh and undiluted testicular spermatozoa. Fertilization and hatching rates were found as 92 % and 75 % with stripped spermatozoa, 58 % and 47 % with fresh testicular spermatozoa, 17 % and 11 % for undiluted testicular spermatozoa, 76 % and 63 % for <em>in vitro</em> matured spermatozoa, respectively. The results of the study provide useful information on the usage of testicular spermatozoa for propagation in Nile tilapia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 117860"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of maternal feed restriction on placental lactogen and its correlation with pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in pregnant ewes","authors":"O. Barbato ,&nbsp;V.L. Barile ,&nbsp;L. Menchetti ,&nbsp;A. Quattrone ,&nbsp;G. Ricci ,&nbsp;G. Brecchia ,&nbsp;C. Porcu ,&nbsp;F.D. Sotgiu ,&nbsp;V. Pasciu ,&nbsp;F. Berlinguer","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Placental lactogen (PL) and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs), secreted by trophoblast binucleate cells, are central to fetal development in ruminants. While nutritional effects on PAGs are documented, impacts on maternal PL and its relationship with PAGs remain unclear. This study examined the effects of maternal feed restriction on ovine placental lactogen (oPL)concentrations and their correlation with PAGs in pregnant ewes. Fifty-nine ewes (singletons or multiples) were pair-matched to a control group (100 % energy requirements) or a feed-restricted group (50 % requirements) from day 24–100 of gestation. Blood was collected on Days 24 (T1), 50 (T2), 80 (T3), 110 (T4), and 140 (T5) to measure oPL, PAGs, and metabolic indicators (NEFA, glucose, total protein). Feed restriction did not significantly affect oPL (p &gt; 0.1). oPL varied with time and litter size (p &lt; 0.001), showing a nadir at T3 and a peak at T5; ewes with multiples had consistently higher levels. In singleton pregnancies, oPL at T5 positively predicted lamb birth weight (p = 0.05). Although oPL and PAGs displayed similar biphasic patterns (decline at T3, peak at T5), no significant correlation was found between them. oPL showed a weak, negative correlation with NEFA at T1 and moderate, negative correlation with total protein at T5; no association was observed with glucose. In conclusion, moderate maternal undernutrition during early gestation does not compromise oPL secretion, highlighting its resilience and role in supporting fetal growth. The similar temporal pattern but absence of correlation between oPL and PAGs suggest distinct regulatory mechanisms, with both hormones acting protectively to ensure fetal well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 117851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146120363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotinic acid treatment improves the developmental potential of equine oocytes for cloned embryo production","authors":"Jenin V. Cortez ,&nbsp;Danton Cervi ,&nbsp;Agustin J. Ruiz ,&nbsp;Christopher G. Grupen","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nicotinic acid (NA) treatment during in vitro maturation (IVM) has been shown to elevate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) levels and improve oocyte developmental competence. Suboptimal equine oocyte IVM systems currently limit the efficiency of viable embryo in vitro production. This study evaluated NA supplementation during IVM for cloned equine embryo production, using oocytes from abattoir-sourced ovaries and live mares via ovum pick-up (OPU). Abattoir-derived oocytes (n = 694) were treated without or with 50 or 200 μM NA during the 18 h holding period (Pre-IVM). Next, OPU-derived oocytes (n = 147) received either no treatment or 200 μM NA during Pre-IVM. Additionally, 285 OPU-derived oocytes were treated with 200 μM NA during Pre-IVM and then either without or with 200 μM NA during the final 22–24 h of IVM. While different cell lines provided the donor nuclei, all experimental groups used the same cell line in each replicate. In abattoir-derived embryos, the Pre-IVM NA treatment increased blastocyst rates compared with the control (50 μM: 27.1 ± 1.4%; 200 μM: 32.9 ± 3.0%; control: 19.9 ± 1.7%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In OPU-derived embryos, the Pre-IVM NA treatment had no effect (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), but NA supplementation during IVM improved the blastocyst rate (53.4 ± 9.6% vs 31.3 ± 8.1%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The rates of nuclear maturation, couplet fusion, and cleavage were not influenced by NA supplementation. These results show that NA treatment during Pre-IVM and IVM enhanced equine oocyte developmental potential. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms and assess embryo viability post-transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 117858"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 induced by interferon tau promotes angiogenesis in bovine endothelial cells","authors":"Hayato Naito ,&nbsp;Kinari Kurata ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Yamazaki ,&nbsp;Haruka Ukita ,&nbsp;Hanako Bai ,&nbsp;Manabu Kawahara ,&nbsp;Taichi E. Takasuka ,&nbsp;Masashi Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interferon tau (IFNT), a pregnancy recognition factor in ruminants, maintains the corpus luteum and induces the expression of many genes in the uterus; however, the functions of these genes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of IFNT on endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) expression, along with the subsequent roles of ESM1 in bovine vascular endothelial cells in an <em>in vitro</em> cell culture environment. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed that IFNT treatment significantly increased the expression levels of <em>ESM1</em> in endometrial epithelial cells compared with those in non-treated control cells. qPCR and Western blot analyses showed an increasing trend in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression following ESM1 treatment in bovine vascular endothelial cells. In addition, ESM1 treatment tended to increase cell proliferation and significantly increased the formation of tube-like structures of endothelial cells compared to those in non-treated control cells. These results suggest that IFNT induces ESM1 expression in endometrial epithelial cells. Moreover, ESM1 may contribute to angiogenesis via the expression of angiogenic factors, such as VEGF, in bovine endothelial cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 117855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146214326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-species analysis of follicular extracellular vesicle miRNAs revealed conserved regulatory networks in mammalian reproduction","authors":"Kaj Chokeshaiusaha ,&nbsp;Thanida Sananmuang ,&nbsp;Roongtham Kedkovid","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) mediate intercellular communication within the ovarian follicle, influencing granulosa cell function, oocyte maturation, and follicular development. Despite their biological importance, the evolutionary conservation and divergence of follicular EV-associated miRNA networks across mammalian species remain poorly understood. Here, we presented the novel cross-species comparative analysis of follicular EV miRNAs and their predicted gene regulatory networks across four mammals—human, cow, pig, and horse. Publicly available miRNA-sequencing (miRNA-seq) datasets were reanalyzed using a standardized pipeline integrating miRDeep2 for miRNA detection, TargetScan for conserved target prediction in humans, and IntaRNA for hybridization-based target identification in non-human species.</div><div>Detectable miRNAs were identified in human (1,584), cow (679), pig (351), and horse (336). Crucially, only 16 of these miRNAs were shared by all four species. Despite this limited overlap, conserved hub genes—defined as genes targeted by multiple miRNAs—revealed strong functional convergence in pathways regulating RNA metabolism, transcription, and macromolecule biosynthesis. Approximately 1000 hub genes per species were normalized to ensure unbiased comparison, yielding 313 conserved hub genes targeted by shared miRNAs. These genes represented evolutionarily stable regulatory nodes by miRNA essential for follicular communication and oocyte competence.</div><div>Although miRNA genomic sequences are highly conserved, their expression and EV-mediated export exhibited species-specific variation, suggesting adaptive regulation aligned with reproductive physiology. Collectively, this study uncovered a deeply conserved post-transcriptional framework that underlaid mammalian follicular function while highlighting species-specific divergence in miRNA deployment. These findings established a molecular foundation for comparative and translational reproductive research across human and veterinary systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 117850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Nitric oxide regulates spindle dynamics to modulate the maturation of goat oocytes’ [Theriogenology 2025 Oct 1, (245), 117517]","authors":"Rui Xu ,&nbsp;Zhi Zheng ,&nbsp;Weizhao Bai ,&nbsp;Minghui Liu ,&nbsp;Sihai Lu ,&nbsp;Sha Peng ,&nbsp;Menghao Pan ,&nbsp;Baohua Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117815","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 117815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motile sperm head morphometry in relation to sperm kinematics and freezability in cats","authors":"Sylwia Prochowska ,&nbsp;Bartosz Czech ,&nbsp;Maria Eberhardt ,&nbsp;Wojciech Niżański","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sperm head morphometry exhibits significant variation across species, among individuals, and even within single ejaculates, potentially influencing sperm functions such as motility and cryotolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sperm head morphometry affects sperm kinematics and freezability in domestic cats. Semen was collected from 16 male cats, once from each cat. Kinematic and morphometric characteristics were analyzed simultaneously at the single-spermatozoon level using a CASA system (MOT-morph, n = 10,400 sperm cells). Additionally, sperm head morphometry was performed on fix-stained samples from the same cats (FS-morph, n = 1788 sperm cells). Morphometric data were subjected to Principal Component Analysis and subsequent clustering analysis to identify distinct morphometric subpopulations. For each sample, 20 × 10⁶ spermatozoa were cryopreserved. After thawing, samples were classified as ‘good freezing’ (GF, n = 8) or ‘bad freezing’ (BF, n = 8) based on post-thaw membrane integrity (GF &gt;50 %; BF &lt;45 %), assessed via flow cytometry and fluorescent staining (SYBR-14 and propidium iodide). In MOT-morph, four morpho-kinetic subpopulations were distinguished, while in FS-morph, two morphometric subpopulations were identified. A technical bias, wherein faster-swimming cells appeared larger, precluded the establishment of a definitive relationship between morphometry and kinematics. Consequently, subpopulations established via MOT-morph represent artificial models conflating sperm size and speed rather than accurate descriptors of real sperm groups. In FS-morph, there were no significant differences between the GF and BF groups in any morphometric parameter or subpopulation. However, in MOT-morph, spermatozoa in the GF group exhibited a significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower probability of being classified as MOT-SP1 and a higher probability of being classified as MOT-SP3 and MOT-SP4 than those in the BF group. These results suggest that while simultaneous morphometric and kinematic analysis of feline spermatozoa presents challenges, derived subpopulations hold potential for predicting freezability in domestic cats. Notably, the software used in this study facilitates rapid analysis of nearly six times more cells than classic morphometric methods, without the need for slide preparation, fixation, or staining. Validation of results using larger number of individuals and with refined technological solutions is required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 117839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-delivery system of milk-derived exosomes loaded with Forsythiaside A: Studies on bovine mammary epithelial cells and mastitis induced mice","authors":"Xiaoqing Yang ,&nbsp;Yangyang Pan ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Han ,&nbsp;Tianhao Li ,&nbsp;Shanshan Yang ,&nbsp;Jianying Chang ,&nbsp;Hanxun Liu ,&nbsp;Sijiu Yu ,&nbsp;Yan Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine mammary gland health is essential for sustaining milk yield and dairy production efficiency. Currently, antimicrobial resistance resulting from antibiotic treatment of mastitis severely constrains the sustainable development of the dairy industry. Forsythoside A (FTA), a natural phenylethanoid glycoside possessing potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, exhibits considerable therapeutic potential; however, its clinical translation remains hindered by poor bioavailability. To address this limitation, a milk-derived exosome-based nano-delivery system (FTA-mExos) was engineered. The therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of FTA-mExos were systematically evaluated in both in vitro and <em>in vivo</em> inflammatory models established using clinically isolated <em>Staphylococcus chromogenes</em> (<em>S. chromogenes</em>). <em>In vitro</em>, FTA-mExos significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in <em>S. chromogenes</em>-infected bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), while enhancing glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, FTA-mExos alleviated inflammatory responses by suppressing NF-κB signaling and downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. <em>In vivo</em> studies revealed that FTA-mExos upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-3), leading to the restoration of blood–milk barrier (BMB) integrity and attenuation of oxidative stress injury and inflammatory responses. These findings demonstrate that FTA-mExos represent a promising nano-delivery strategy for the treatment of bovine mastitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 117831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Hydrogen sulfide in boar reproduction: Cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase localization in reproductive tissues and sperm across maturation stages” [Theriogenology 252 (2026) 117753]","authors":"Aneta Pilsova ,&nbsp;Zuzana Pilsova ,&nbsp;Pavel Vejl ,&nbsp;Barbora Klusackova ,&nbsp;Natalie Zelenkova ,&nbsp;Martina Melounova ,&nbsp;Daniela Cilova ,&nbsp;Jakub Dusek ,&nbsp;Adam Brazda ,&nbsp;Pavla Postlerova ,&nbsp;Marketa Sedmikova","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117835","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 117835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical efficacy and mechanistic study of intrauterine administration of E bing angong Ye for the treatment of endometritis in sows","authors":"Yi-Meng Fan ,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Xiyu Wen ,&nbsp;Xueyan Wang ,&nbsp;Lingfeng Peng ,&nbsp;Luyao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhihui Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2026.117829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endometritis is a prevalent postpartum disorder in sows that significantly impairs reproductive efficiency. Traditional Chinese herbal formulations have long been applied in gynecological disorders, yet their veterinary applications remain underexplored. Ebing Angong Ye (EBAGY), composed of <em>Curcuma aromatica</em> (turmeric) and <em>Dryobalanops aromatica</em> (camphor) has historically been used to alleviate inflammatory conditions. This suggested a therapeutic potential for treating sow endometritis. We evaluated the clinical efficacy, safety and pharmacological mechanisms of EBAGY in the treatment of sow endometritis. Eighty postpartum sows diagnosed with endometritis were randomly assigned to a high, medium and low-dose EBAGY groups and a positive drug control group of chlorhexidine acetate uterine infusion (n = 20). Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by clinical symptom remission, piglet weaning weight and post-weaning estrus rate. Safety was evaluated in negative control group (n = 8) at up to 5-fold clinical doses. EBAGY treatment improved reproductive performance and had no adverse impact on hematological indices or health status. GC-MS identified borneol, curzerene, curdione and germacrone as major constituents in this formulation. Network pharmacology and <em>in silico</em> docking experiments also linked the therapeutic efficacy to the IL-17 signaling pathway and this was confirmed by direct cytokine measurements. Molecular docking indicated that the primary active compounds in EBAGY possessed strong binding affinities to the IL-17 receptor. ELISA assays further confirmed downregulation of the inflammatory mediators IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. 16S rRNA sequencing was also used to demonstrate restoration of the vaginal microbiota to that of the control sows (lacking disease). EBAGY is therefore a safe and effective herbal formulation for sow endometritis, exerting therapeutic actions through anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of the IL-17 signaling pathway and restoration of microbial homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23131,"journal":{"name":"Theriogenology","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 117829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}