Toxicology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Mycotoxin management in Sub-Saharan Africa: A comprehensive systematic review of policies and strategies in Malawi","authors":"Chimwemwe Chilenga ,&nbsp;Kingsley Masamba ,&nbsp;William Kasapila ,&nbsp;Brown Ndhlovu ,&nbsp;Victor Munkhuwa ,&nbsp;Lintle Rafoneke ,&nbsp;Kennedy Machira","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food safety challenges, such as mycotoxin contamination, pose severe threats to public health, agricultural productivity, and economic development across Sub-Saharan African countries and beyond. This study investigated whether government policies related to food safety adequately address these concerns, using Malawi as a case study. We systematically reviewed 29 government-authored policy documents related to food safety. These documents were categorized into six sectors: Agriculture, Environment, Nutrition, Health, Trade and Industry, and Education. Our analysis revealed critical gaps in addressing mycotoxin concerns in these policies, with only 4 of the 29 policy documents (14 %) addressing food safety and mycotoxin management. In contrast, 13 policy documents (45 %) did not address these issues at all, while 12 policy documents (41 %) focused solely on food safety management without addressing mycotoxin contamination. Notably, Malawi's long-term development blueprint, <em><strong>Malawi 2063</strong></em>, does not include mycotoxin management, underscoring a critical policy gap and broader systemic challenges in integrating food safety and mycotoxin control into national frameworks. Furthermore, Malawi lacks a dedicated sector responsible for food safety and a comprehensive national food safety policy to coordinate efforts in mycotoxin control. While this study centers on Malawi, the findings resonate globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and other countries with similar agricultural and economic contexts. Addressing these systemic policy gaps is vital for developing integrated food safety frameworks that combat mycotoxin contamination, strengthen sustainable food systems, enhance public health, and foster economic resilience. These findings also provide a replicable model for policy analysis, contributing to international discourse by emphasizing the importance of aligning food safety governance with global development priorities, such as the Sustainable Development Goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101871"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of copper-induced neurotoxicity by monoisoamyl 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid loaded nanoparticles through inhibition of mitophagy and reduction of oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells","authors":"Akshada Mhaske ,&nbsp;Rahul Shukla ,&nbsp;S.J.S. Flora","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper (Cu^2 +) dysregulation, often stemming from ATP7B gene mutations, exacerbates neurological disorders like Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson's diseases. Monoisoamyl 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (MiADMSA) shows promise in mitigating Cu²⁺ induced neurotoxicity by chelating intracellular Cu²⁺ ions, reducing oxidative stress, and restoring antioxidant enzyme function. However, challenges such as poor bioavailability hinder its therapeutic efficacy. Nano-delivery systems offer a solution by improving MiADMSA's solubility, stability, and targeted delivery, potentially minimizing off-target effects. In this study, MiADMSA was loaded into a polymer conjugated with lipoic acid (LA) and human serum albumin (HSA) using a coacervation crosslinking method. The prepared nanoparticles were optimized using a Box-Behnken design. Evaluation in SH-SY5Y cells revealed promising neuroprotective effects against Cu²⁺ induced neurotoxicity, highlighting the potential of MiADMSA-loaded nanocarriers as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases associated with metal dysregulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101874"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the toxicology, socio-ecological impacts and biodegradation of microplastics in Africa: Potentials for resource conservation","authors":"Gloria Ifeoma Ujuagu ,&nbsp;Onome Ejeromedoghene ,&nbsp;Victor Enwemiwe ,&nbsp;Chiamaka Linda Mgbechidinma ,&nbsp;Ahmed Olalekan Omoniyi ,&nbsp;Abiodun Oladipo ,&nbsp;Jintu Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving upcycling and circularity in the microplastic economy predominantly depends on collecting and sorting plastic waste from the source to the end-user for resource conservation. Microplastics, whether from packaging or non-packaging materials, pose a significant environmental challenge as they are often not prioritized for collection or recycling initiatives. The presence of additives impedes the quality of plastic recyclates and the persistence of microplastics as shredded resultants remain a threat to the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem and its biodiversity. Despite the increasing global research on microplastics, the success of plastic and microplastic waste management in Africa is yet to be fully attained. Considering the improper disposal, limited recycling and upcycling intervention, lack of policy, and strict laws against plastic waste management defaulters, the ecosystems in Africa remain immensely impacted by several socio-ecological factors leading to the loss of aquatic organisms through reducing fertility and increasing stress. As a ripple consequence, the disruption of economic activities, toxic effects on animal/human health, and climate crisis are among their impact. This review therefore provides comprehensive detail of microplastic production and challenges in Africa, the toxicology concerns, socio-ecological issues associated with microplastic waste management, and insight into approaches to mitigate plastic pollution through recycling, upcycling, bioprocessing and their biodegradation with social insects and microorganisms which may form the basis for adoption by policymakers and researchers, thereby minimizing the consequences of plastic pollution in Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101873"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arterial blood gases and serum cortisol level as predictors for mortality in acute aluminum phosphide poisoned patients: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Heba K. Khalifa,&nbsp;Wafaa M. Masoud,&nbsp;Alshaimma Mahmoud Elmansy","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is an extremely toxic substance that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Early identification of patients at risk could improve their outcomes. Therefore, this study evaluated the role of serial arterial blood gases and serum cortisol levels in predicting outcomes in patients with acute ALP poisoning. This prospective cohort study included sixty ALP-poisoned patients. Arterial blood gases and serum cortisol levels were assessed at the time of hospital admission, at 6 hours, and at 12 hours after hospital admission. The mortality rate was 55 %. At the time of hospital admission, non-survivors had significantly lower blood pH (7.36 ± 0.08 vs. 7.31 ± 0.09, p = 0.025), reduced bicarbonate values (15.67 ± 4.72 vs. 11.44 ± 3.05 mEq/L, p = 0.001) and higher serum cortisol levels (41.83 ± 15.93 vs. 58.41 ± 19.61 μg/dL, p = 0.002) compared to the survivors. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for the prediction of mortality indicates that the area under the curve (AUC) of blood pH is 0.712 at a cut-off value of ≤ 7.34, with a sensitivity of 75.76 % and a specificity of 66.67 %. At a cut-off value of ≤ 13.5 mEq/L, the AUC of bicarbonate was 0.777, with a sensitivity of 75.76 % and a specificity of 66.67 %. The serum cortisol level exhibited an AUC of 0.737 at a cut-off level of &gt; 45.5 μg/dL, with a sensitivity of 69.70 % and a specificity of 67 %. Therefore, it can be posited that low arterial pH, bicarbonate values, and elevated cortisol levels can predict mortality in acutely poisoned patients with ALP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101865"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11718342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus clausii spores maintain gut homeostasis in murine ulcerative colitis via modulating microbiota, apoptosis, and the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome cascade","authors":"Maha B. Salem ,&nbsp;Naglaa M. El-Lakkany ,&nbsp;Olfat A. Hammam ,&nbsp;Sayed H. Seif el-Din","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ulcerative colitis (UC), a persistent immune-mediated disorder lacking effective treatment, is distinguished by gut microbiota dysbiosis, abnormal activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, and apoptosis. Despite growing attention to these factors, understanding their significance in UC pathogenesis remains a challenge. The present study explores the potential therapeutic impact of <em>Bacillus clausii</em> (Bc) spores in a murine UC model induced by drinking 4 % (w/v) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in C57BL/6 mice. Subsequently, the DSS-induced mice were orally administered either Bc at varying concentrations (10⁵ and 10¹⁰ Colony forming unit, CFU) or sulfasalazine (SSZ) at a dosage of 200 mg/kg for 7 days. The disease-specific activity index (DAI) was calculated daily utilizing parameters such as body weight, diarrhea, and bloody stool. Changes in fecal <em>Firmicutes</em> and <em>Bacteroidetes</em> abundance, colonic TXNIP and NLRP3 contents, as well as colonic caspase-1, IL-1β, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression, were investigated. Additionally, markers related to oxidative stress and inflammation, histopathological changes and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry testing were conducted. DSS-treated mice had significantly higher DAI scores compared to controls, indicating severe colitis. However, SSZ treatment or Bc (10⁵ CFU) dramatically lowered DAI scores, with the highest Bc dosage (10¹⁰ CFU) producing the greatest improvement. Furthermore, Bc (10¹⁰ CFU) substantially (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) boosted fecal <em>Firmicutes</em> while decreased <em>Bacteroidetes</em>, indicating reversal of gut dysbiosis. Bc effectively reduced colonic oxidative stress and inflammation by replenishing GSH and catalase and modulating the NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1, and TXNIP/NLRP3 pathways. Additionally, Bc (10¹⁰ CFU) exhibited histologically almost normal mucosa, with maintained architecture and reduced apoptosis, as seen by normalization of Bcl2 and Bax with decreased caspase-3. Collectively, these findings point to the potential usefulness of Bc spores in preventing and treating DSS-induced colitis, positioning them as a promising candidate for UC management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101858"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological evaluation of imidazo-based heterocyclic derivatives: In-vitro and in-vivo acute toxicity studies","authors":"Sunil Kumar ,&nbsp;Ajay Singhal ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar ,&nbsp;Manish Jain ,&nbsp;Manpreet Kaur ,&nbsp;Ishika Gupta ,&nbsp;Deepak B. Salunke ,&nbsp;Sandip V. Pawar","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imidazo based heterocyclic derivatives are considered as privileged scaffolds due to their presence in various pharmacologically active compounds and in marketed formulations. The present study reports toxicological evaluation of three imidazo based heterocyclic derivatives which are currently being investigated for their potential anticancer activity. Compounds IG-01–007, IG-01–008, and IG-01–009 were assessed for cytotoxicity, hemolysis, and DNA fragmentation activity. Acute oral toxicity studies were performed at doses of 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg according to OECD guidelines, in both male and female Wistar rats. All test compounds at a concentration of 50 µM resulted in DNA fragmentation suggesting notable impact on DNA integrity. The <em>in-vivo</em> acute toxicity study indicated significant toxicity at doses of ≥ 1000 mg/kg, particularly for compounds IG-01–008 and IG-01–009, which caused hepatic damage and cholestasis in liver tissues. These results collectively suggest that imidazo based heterocyclic derivatives used in the present study exhibit cytotoxic potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101872"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jatropha curcas seed oil for possible human consumption: A toxicological assessment of its phorbol esters","authors":"Xinyuan Cao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Wei ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Shao ,&nbsp;Dongbing Li ,&nbsp;Jesse Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Jatropha curcas</em> seeds are known for their high oil content, and the oil extracted from these seeds has been traditionally utilized in biodiesel production. The presence of toxic compounds, specifically phorbol esters (PEs), in <em>Jatropha curcas</em> seed oil (JCSO) has blocked its use for human consumption. This article presents a thorough literature review that summarizes the latest research on the toxicological effects, including acute toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and chronic toxicity associated with <em>Jatropha curcas</em> phorbol esters (JCPEs). It also provides an overview of current detoxification strategies. A quantitative risk assessment was performed using the Benchmark Dose (BMD) approach, revealing an Acute Reference Dose (ARfD) of 139.64 μg kg⁻¹ body weight for JCPEs (expressed as 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate equivalent). Moreover, a Health-Based Guidance Value (HBGV) for JCPEs in a sub-chronic exposure context was established at 0.0105 mg kg⁻¹ body weight per day. These results have guided the formulation of detoxification goals for JCSO, targeting a detoxification rate of 99.5 %, along with recommendations for future research to investigate the feasibility of using JCSO in food products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101870"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titanium nanostructure mitigating doxorubicin–induced testicular toxicity in rats via regulating major autophagy signaling pathways","authors":"Rehab M. Abdel-Megeed,&nbsp;Abdel-Hamid Z. Abdel-Hamid,&nbsp;Mai O. Kadry","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful antineoplastic FDA-approved anthracycline-derived antibiotic and is considered as the most suitable intervention for solid tumors and hematological cancers therapy. However, its therapeutic application is highly limited due to acute and chronic renal, hematological and testicular toxicity. Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in germ cells as well as low sperm count, motility and disturbing steroidogenesis are the principal machineries of DOX-induced testicular toxicity. Nevertheless, the comprehensive molecular pathways responsible for DOX-induced testicular damage are not yet fully understood. The current study aims to clarify the role of autophagy and apoptotic signaling pathways in testicular toxicity induced by DOX in the rat model. The study also investigates the potential role of both titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NP) loaded with DOX and Lactoferrin in combination with DOX in mitigating testicular toxicity induced by DOX the standard antitumor drug. In the present study, male Wister albino rats were intoxicated with a total cumulative dose of DOX (18 mg/kg) via intra-peritoneal injection and served as positive control group. The other two groups administered either TiO₂NP-DOX or lactoferrin-DOX. Furthermore, biochemical and molecular analyses were then performed. DOX intoxication induced testicular toxicity, revealing mineral imbalance as indicated by an increase in both calcium and magnesium concentrations. Administration of either TiO₂NP-DOX or lactoferrin-DOX resulted in a significant modulation of disrupted mineral concentrations, with TiO₂NP-DOX showing superiority in modulating both magnesium and calcium concentrations. Acid Phosphatase level significantly increased upon DOX-induced testicular damage. Molecular analysis of EGFR and K-RAS gene expression showed significant overexpression, while p53 and JAK-2 gene expression was significantly reduced post-DOX intoxication. Protein expression of both AKT and PI3K significantly increased upon DOX administration. Results showed a remarkable modulation of all disrupted gene and protein expressions upon treatment with TiO₂NP-DOX or Lactoferrin-DOX with the superiority of TiO₂NP-DOX in modulating these parameters. In conclusion, TiO₂NP-DOX could be a promising drug delivery system to improve bioavailability and drug release, as well as reducing DOX's adverse effects particularly on testicular function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101869"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health risk assessment of PAHs and heavy metal levels in periwinkles (Pachymelania fusca mutans) and crabs (Scylla serrata) consumed in crude oil-contaminated coastal regions of Southern Nigeria","authors":"Gabriel Erhiga Odesa ,&nbsp;Donald Uzowulu Olannye","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was conducted to evaluate the health risks related to eating crabs and periwinkles from Southern Nigerian coastal areas that are contaminated by crude oil. Periwinkles and crabs from contaminated locations were tested for Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and heavy metal (HM) levels using US-EPA standard, and the health risks to humans of eating these seafood were assessed. 20 samples of periwinkles and crabs were collected from crude oil-polluted coastal areas. Health risk assessments were conducted using Dietary Daily Intake (DDI), PAH4 index, Carcinogenic Toxic Equivalent (TEQs), Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) for PAHs, as well as Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Cancer Risk Assessment (CRA) for HMs. The PAH concentration in periwinkles and crabs are 0.76 mg/kg and 0.49 mg/kg respectively. Dietary daily intake (DDI) of individual PAHs for Periwinkle ranged from 0 to 0.0126 and for crabs, it ranged from 0 to x10⁻⁴. The ECR evaluated for Periwinkle and crabs ranges from 0 to 9 × 10⁻⁷, and 0–2.1 × 10⁻⁷ respectively. The TEQ for periwinkle is 0.12874 mg/kg and 0.15646 mg/kg for crabs. The evaluated PAH4 is 0.1061 mg/kg for Periwinkle and 0.1352 mg/kg for Crabs. The concentration of PAHs was found to be 0.76 mg/kg in periwinkles and 0.49 mg/kg in crabs. DDI values for individual PAHs ranged from 0 to 0.0126 for periwinkles and 0–0 to x10⁻⁴ for crabs. ECR values ranged from 0 to 9 x 10⁻⁷ for periwinkles and 0–2.1 x 10⁻⁷ for crabs. TEQ values were 0.12874 mg/kg for periwinkles and 0.15646 mg/kg for crabs. Deduction from PAH4 index exceeded the permissible limit set by the European Union. TEQ values indicate that periwinkles were below the screening value (SV) of 0.0389 mg/kg, while crabs exceeded it. The ECR for the shellfish was also found to be within the acceptable risk level. All HMs were within EPA permissible limits except cadmium (Cd). HQ indicated potential health risks from crab consumption, while CRA showed no carcinogenic risk from either shellfish. The study recommends that if crude oil pollution in coastal areas continues, severe health implications will be inevitable. Therefore, it is crucial to implement measures to mitigate pollution levels and monitor seafood safety regularly to protect public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101852"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11718339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the toxicity of micro-nanoplastics: A systematic exploration of understanding environmental and health implications","authors":"Saurabh Shukla ,&nbsp;Sakshum Khanna ,&nbsp;Kushagra Khanna","doi":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The surge in plastic production has spurred a global crisis as plastic pollution intensifies, with microplastics and nanoplastics emerging as notable environmental threats. Due to their miniature size, these particles are ubiquitous across ecosystems and pose severe hazards as they are ingested and bioaccumulate within organisms. Although global plastic production has reached an alarming 400.3 MTs, recycling efforts remain limited, with only 18.5 MTs being recycled. Currently, out of the total plastic waste, 49.6 % is converted into energy, 27 % is recycled, and 23.5 % is recovered as material, indicating a need for better waste management practices to combat the escalating pollution levels. Research studies on micro-nanoplastics have primarily concentrated on their environmental presence and laboratory-based toxicity studies. This review critically examines the sources and detection methods for micro-nanoplastics, emphasising their toxicological effects and ecological impacts. Organisms like zebrafish and rats serve as key models for studying these particle's bioaccumulative potential, showcasing adverse effects that extend to DNA damage, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis. Studies reveal that micro-nanoplastics can permeate biological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, neurological imbalance, cardiac, respiratory, and dermatological disorders. These health risks, particularly relevant for humans, underscore the urgency for broader, real-world studies beyond controlled laboratory conditions. Additionally, the review discusses innovative energy-harvesting technologies as sustainable alternatives for plastic waste utilisation, particularly valuable for energy-deficient regions. These strategies aim to simultaneously address energy demands and mitigate plastic waste. This approach aligns with global sustainability goals, providing a promising avenue for both pollution reduction and energy generation. The review calls for further research to enhance detection techniques, assess long-term environmental impacts, and explore sustainable solutions that integrate energy recovery with pollution mitigation, especially in regions most affected by both energy shortages and increased plastic waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23129,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Reports","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 101844"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}