Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry最新文献

Post COVID-19 Syndrome: Assessment of Short- and Long-Term Post-Recovery Manifestations Among Pakistani Community COVID-19 后综合征：评估巴基斯坦社区康复后的短期和长期表现

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.36283/pjmd12-4/006

{"title":"Post COVID-19 Syndrome: Assessment of Short- and Long-Term Post-Recovery Manifestations Among Pakistani Community","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-4/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-4/006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are becoming a significant cause of concern for society and healthcare systems. This study determined the variety of symptoms short and long-term after recovery from COVID-19 infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 100 subjects followed for 2 years, all COVID-19 infection survivors (RT-PCR positive), 18 years and above were recruited. Participants were examined and screened with WHO post-COVID assessment criteria for post-acute (>2 weeks) and long-term (>4 weeks) symptoms that lingered on post-recovery of acute illness. Chi-square was used for the association with the outcome variable with p-value < 0.05 was significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 37.8+10.3 years with the majority 55% being men. There was complete resolution of symptoms in 86% whereas 14% had lingering symptoms post-COVID (p=0.549). The most common severe symptoms in the post-acute phase (after 2 weeks) in COVID recoveries were fatigue, myalgias followed by anosmia and ageusia. Persistent long-term (after 4 weeks) presentations in the COVID survivors were cardiac and neurological complications such as CAD (coronary artery disease) and Bell’s palsy followed by long-term fatigue/generalized weakness and dizziness. Mental health sequelae post covid, most subjects had insomnia (27%) and amnesia (27%) followed by anxiety (20%), depression (14%), and brain fogging (12%) (p-value 0.347). Conclusion: The majority of COVID-19 survivors achieved complete symptom resolution, with only 14% experiencing lingering symptoms. These findings contribute to our understanding of the diverse and complex manifestations of COVID-19 recovery but highlight the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Capecitabine and the Bowel Battle: Addressing Diarrhea in Gastrointestinal Cancers - A Pakistan Perspective 卡培他滨与肠道之战：解决胃肠道癌症患者的腹泻问题--巴基斯坦的视角

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.36283//pjmd12-4/001

引用次数: 0

Scalpel and Scenery: A Surgical Camp Experience in the Valleys of Chitral 手术刀与风景吉德拉尔山谷中的手术营体验

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.36283/pjmd12-4/018

引用次数: 0

Role of Injection Lidocaine with and without Triamcinolone Acetonide in the Management of Chronic Pain in Post-Operative Inguinal Hernioplasty 利多卡因注射液联合或不联合曲安奈德治疗腹股沟疝成形术后慢性疼痛的作用

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.36283//pjmd12-4/007

{"title":"Role of Injection Lidocaine with and without Triamcinolone Acetonide in the Management of Chronic Pain in Post-Operative Inguinal Hernioplasty","authors":"","doi":"10.36283//pjmd12-4/007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283//pjmd12-4/007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Inguinal hernioplasty, also called Lichtenstein repair, is a common surgical procedure for inguinal hernia which can lead to chronic groin pain. Local anesthetic blocks combined with corticosteroids like lidocaine and triamcinolone have been used for post-operative pain management. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of lidocaine with triamcinolone acetonide versus lidocaine alone for chronic pain management in patients who underwent inguinal hernioplasty. Methods: A randomized control trial study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Kulsoom Bai Valika Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from June 2022 to June 2023. The study included patients undergoing inguinal hernioplasty who were over 18 years of age. Group 1 (n=75) received a combination of lidocaine with triamcinolone acetonide, while group 2 (n=75) received lidocaine alone. Pain levels were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) during 1st week, 1st month, and 3rd month after the surgery. Results: In group 1, the incidence of pain in the 1st week was 25%, significantly lower than the 41.3% in group 2 (p=0.024). The risk ratio (RR) was 0.65 (95% CI=0.43-0.97, p=0.037). In the 1st month, group 1 had a 13.3% incidence of pain compared to 29.3% in group 2 (p=0.017), with an RR of 0.56 (95% CI=0.33-0.97). Similarly, in the 3rd month, group 1 had a 9.3% incidence of pain compared to 22.7% in group 2 (p=0.026), with an RR of 0.48 (95% CI=0.23-0.97). Conclusion: Lidocaine with triamcinolone acetonide is an effective approach for managing chronic postoperative pain in inguinal hernioplasty.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"169 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Comparative Antimicrobial Analysis of Commercially Available Toothpaste; An In-Vitro Study 市售牙膏的抗菌性比较分析；体外研究

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.36283/pjmd12-4/009

{"title":"A Comparative Antimicrobial Analysis of Commercially Available Toothpaste; An In-Vitro Study","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-4/009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-4/009","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The incorporation of certain antimicrobial materials is an effective way to prevent early carious lesions. The additive effect of improving hygiene habits and using antimicrobial toothpaste for brushing can lead to the prevention of tooth decay. This study aimed to check the anti-cariogenic activity against Streptococcus mutants and Lactobacillus. acidophilus of six commercially available toothpaste using the Agar well diffusion method. Methods: The antimicrobial efficacy of different dentifrices was determined using the modified agar well diffusion method. Each dentifrice was separately plated in triplicates and the experiment was repeated thrice. Agar plates were inoculated with 20uL of 24h broth cultures of each bacterial isolate, 0.2mL of the respective dentifrice was introduced into each of the three wells and distilled water was introduced into the last well as control. The plates were incubated at 37 o C for 48 hours. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical package, SPSS, by applying one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tuckey test. Results: All the experimental toothpaste groups being tested in this study presented antimicrobial activity against both bacterial pathogens, however, each differed in its efficacy. Comparison between different groups displayed significant results (p-value < 0.001). Among all the groups, Doctor’s toothpaste showed the highest antimicrobial activity (Mean + SD) (34.16 +1.47) against S. mutans whereas the Paradontax showed the minimalist antimicrobial activity (12.3 + 5.2). Conclusion: Doctors' toothpaste showed the best anti-bacterial effect against both bacteria, while Paradontax showed the least activity.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139328600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Root Angulation of Maxillary Central Incisor Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) 使用锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）分析上颌中切牙的牙根角度

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.36283/pjmd12-4/005

{"title":"Analysis of Root Angulation of Maxillary Central Incisor Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-4/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-4/005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Variance in anatomical morphology is influenced by the axial inclination of the tooth. When looking at the axial tilt of the crown, it's common to assume that it follows the same axis as the root. This study aims to use Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to determine the root angulation correlation in maxillary central incisors. Methods: This cross-sectional observational research was performed at Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS). The CBCT scans of patients who matched the inclusion criteria were done by skilled radiography technicians and primary investigators on ROTOGRAPH EVO 3D. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA was utilized to examine the Root Angulation (RA) with different root positions. p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: This study examined n=152 CBCT images. Mean age was 27.2 + 5.9 years, with 32(42.1%) men and 44(44.1%) females. Buccal subtype I was most prevalent (59, 38.8%) in maxillary central incisors, while buccal subtype III was least common (5, 3.3%). The root angulations varied significantly between root location classifications (p=0.007). These were intermediate root location (14.9 2.6 degrees) and buccal subtype III (14.28 2.25 degrees). The palatal root type had the least angle (3.73 1.5 degrees). Conclusion: The buccal root position was shown to be the most common root location. Buccal subtype I was by far the most common. Buccal subtype III and middle root location had the maximum root angle. The palatal root position had the smallest angle.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Poor Oral Health Care Practices by Diabetic Patients 糖尿病患者的不良口腔保健做法

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.36283//pjmd12-4/008

{"title":"Poor Oral Health Care Practices by Diabetic Patients","authors":"","doi":"10.36283//pjmd12-4/008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283//pjmd12-4/008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sustained poor hyperglycemic control is devastating to oral mucosa that needs top-notch care of oral health. The study aimed to assess the strength of knowledge, attitude, and practices of oral health in diabetic patients, and its associated demographic factors. Methods: This study was carried out on diabetic patients who came into the Endocrine OPD of Patel Hospital in Karachi. The study was conducted on 363 patients for more than a year. Genders with age greater than 18 years and had at least one natural tooth, were included. The study was analyzed by SPSS software version 21, applying the Mann-Whitney U Test and the Kruskal-Wallis test for categorical variables and mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practices. Results: In our study, 64.2% were females with a median age of 56 years. The education level was 20.7%, 23.7%, 19.8%, and 37.5% tertiary, secondary, primary, and formal, respectively. The socioeconomic status was 21%, 57%, and 22%, were belonging to low, middle, and upper, respectively. The age of participants was found weak but positively correlated with knowledge (r= −0.108, p =0.040*) and negatively correlated with attitude (r= -0.004, p= 0.946. Employment status and anti-diabetic therapy had an insignificant association with knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding oral health in diabetic patients (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The diabetic patients had adequate knowledge regarding oral health but poor attitudes and practices. They are at risk of developing oral health complications; however, it is the responsibility of physicians and dental health professionals to counsel them.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the Knowledge and Adherence of Dental Students to Cross-Infection Control Measures 评估牙科学生对交叉感染控制措施的了解和遵守情况

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.36283/pjmd12-4/004

{"title":"Assessing the Knowledge and Adherence of Dental Students to Cross-Infection Control Measures","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-4/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-4/004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cross-infection control is extremely pivotal to halt the propagation of contiguous diseases amongst people as they pose a tremendously increasing disease burden on our health care system. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and adherence to cross-infection control measures among dental students in public and private institutions in Karachi. Methods: This descriptive study was performed among dental students of public and private sector dental colleges in Karachi from January 2020 – February 2020. The questionnaire assessed the knowledge and adherence of dental students toward cross-infection control protocols during their clinical rotations. The chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between students’ knowledge and practice of cross-infection control measures. Results: A total of 202 students participated in this study. The students demonstrated adequate knowledge of cross-infection control measures. However, the practice of wearing gloves was positive (98%) in contrast to the use of masks (79%), gowns (46%), and eyewear (13%). A statistically significant relation was seen in their knowledge and attitude toward hand hygiene. The immunization status of students from both government (72%) and private (88%) sectors raised concerns. Although students demonstrated good practice of measures to avoid transmission of contagious diseases (p=<0.001) apart from the use of environmental barrier (36%) (p=0.047) and disinfection (37%) of the working surface. Conclusion: The overall knowledge of cross-infection control was satisfactory among dental students. Efforts are needed to improve the degree of compliance with recognized policies for improving the attitude of students regarding cross-infection measures.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"293 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139328086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Primary Pancreatic Lymphoma: A Rare Clinical Entity 原发性胰腺淋巴瘤：罕见的临床实体

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.36283/pjmd12-4/017

引用次数: 0

Knowledge of Caretakers about the Use of Oral Rehydration Solutions in Children with Acute Diarrhea 护理人员对急性腹泻患儿使用口服补液溶液的认识

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.36283/pjmd12-4/011

{"title":"Knowledge of Caretakers about the Use of Oral Rehydration Solutions in Children with Acute Diarrhea","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-4/011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-4/011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diarrhea is known to be the major factor causing morbidity and mortality, especially among pediatric age groups globally. This study was done to assess the knowledge of caretakers regarding the use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) in children with acute diarrhea. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan, from February 2023 to July 2023. We analyzed caretakers of children aged 1-12 years who presented with acute diarrhea that had less than 14 days of duration. Both male and female caretakers, with ages ranging from 25 to 50 years, were included. Knowledge of the formulation of ORS, the process of its preparation, and usage were asked. Participants describing all correct answers about the formulation, preparation, and use of ORS were considered as having knowledge of ORS. Effect modifiers were stratiﬁed, and applying the post-stratification chi-square test, their effects on outcome were observed. A p-value≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: In a total of 240 study participants, the mean age of caretakers was 36.01±8.08 years. There were 23 (9.6%) male and 217 (90.4%) female caretakers. Among caretakers, 79 (32.9%) had knowledge of ORS while 161 (67.1%) did not know ORS. A statistically significant association of knowledge about ORS was found with residential status (p<0.001), socio-economic status (p<0.001), and source of drinking water (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study found that among caretakers of children having acute diarrhea, there was a lack of knowledge regarding ORS use, formulation, and preparation.","PeriodicalId":231166,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0