The Open Virology Journal最新文献_第4页

Deep Sequencing Details the Cross-over Map of Chimeric Genes in Two Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infectious Clones. 两个猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染克隆嵌合基因的深度测序详细交叉图谱。

The Open Virology Journal Pub Date : 2017-06-30 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901711010049

Nanhua Chen, Ranjni J Chand, Raymond R R Rowland

{"title":"Deep Sequencing Details the Cross-over Map of Chimeric Genes in Two Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infectious Clones.","authors":"Nanhua Chen, Ranjni J Chand, Raymond R R Rowland","doi":"10.2174/1874357901711010049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357901711010049","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recombination is an important contributor to the genetic diversity of most viruses. A reverse genetics system using green fluorescence protein (GFP)- and enhanced GFP (EGFP)-expressing infectious clones was developed to study the requirements for recombination. However, it is still unclear what types of cross-over events occurred to produce the viable offspring.Objective: We utilized 454 sequencing to infer recombination events in this system.Method: Two porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infectious clones, P129-EGFP-97C and P129-GFPm-d (2-6), were co-transfected into HEK-293T cells. P129-EGFP-97C is a fully functional virus that contains a non-fluorescent EGFP. P129-GFPm-d (2-6) is a defective virus but contains a fluorescent GFPm. Successful recombination was evident by the appearance of fully functional progeny virus that expresses fluorescence. Total RNA was extracted from infected cells expressing fluorescence, and the entire fluorescent gene was amplified to prepare an amplicon library for 454 sequencing.Results: Deep sequencing showed that the nucleotide identities changed from ~37% (in the variable region from 21nt to 165nt) to 20% (T289C) to ~38% (456-651nt) then to 100% (672-696nt) when compared to EGFP. The results indicated that cross-over events occurred in three conserved regions (166-288nt, 290-455nt, 652-671nt), which were also supported by sequence alignments. Remarkably, the short conserved region (652-671nt) showed to be a cross-over hotspot. In addition, four cross-over patterns (two single and two double cross-over) might be used to produce viable recombinants.Conclusion: The reverse genetics system incorporating the use of high throughput sequencing creates a genetic platform to study the generation of viable recombinant viruses.","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5543688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35344022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pathogenic Characterization of European Genotype Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Recently Isolated in Mainland China. 中国大陆新近分离的欧洲基因型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的病原学特征

The Open Virology Journal Pub Date : 2017-06-30 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901711010083

Sun Ming, Ma Yongying, Liu Bohua, Lu Huiying, Deng Xiaoyu, Liu Qiaorong, Qiao Mingming, Chen Xi, Yang Xinyan, Chen Xizhao

{"title":"Pathogenic Characterization of European Genotype Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Recently Isolated in Mainland China.","authors":"Sun Ming, Ma Yongying, Liu Bohua, Lu Huiying, Deng Xiaoyu, Liu Qiaorong, Qiao Mingming, Chen Xi, Yang Xinyan, Chen Xizhao","doi":"10.2174/1874357901711010083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357901711010083","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important pathogen in pig that causes tremendous economic loss in the global swine industry. PRRSV is divided into the European and North American genotypes, with virulence ranging from apathogenic-moderately virulent to highly pathogenic. The emergence of new highly virulent type 1 strains and coexistence of the two genotypes complicate the differential diagnosis, disease prevention, and control of PRRSV. Although the emergence of a novel type 1 PRRSV strain in mainland China was first confirmed in 2011, there is no information available concerning the pathogenesis of this strain.Objectives: We sought to determine the pathogenesis of a newly emerged Chinese type 1 PRRSV strain HLJB1.Methods: Pigs were infected with HLJB1 and characterized using serological and histopathological tests.Results: HLJB1 infection induced transient chemosis, reddened conjunctiva, skin cyanosis, mild transient pyrexia, dyspnea, and tachypnea between 7 and 13 days post-infection. Gross pneumonic lesions were characterized by multifocal, tan-mottled areas. Lymph nodes and spleen were enlarged. Characteristic microscopic lesions consisted of pulmonary consolidation and alveolar septal thickening with red blood cell infiltration, depletion of splenic lymphocytes, and hyperplasia and activation of macrophage. No pigs infected with HLJB1 died during the experiment.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that Chinese type I PRRSV strain HLJB1 caused classic PRRSV-specific lesions. As it caused lower viremia in pigs compared with other classic type 1 isolates, HLJB1 is less virulent than other type I strains.","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5543689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35344026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Analysis of Genetic Variation of Two NADC30-like Strains of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in China. 中国猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒两个nadc30样毒株的遗传变异分析

The Open Virology Journal Pub Date : 2017-06-30 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901711010090

Zhi Zhou, Jiajun Wu, Shuo Zhang, Bo Hou, Tao Han, Jing Wang, Qi Xu, Dongyue Wang, Yinyi Liu, Shengpeng Xin, Xinyan Zhai

引用次数: 1

Targeting Melanoma with Cancer-Killing Viruses. 用抗癌病毒靶向黑色素瘤。

The Open Virology Journal Pub Date : 2017-03-31 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901711010028

Tiantian Zhang, Yogesh R Suryawanshi, Helene M Woyczesczyk, Karim Essani

{"title":"Targeting Melanoma with Cancer-Killing Viruses.","authors":"Tiantian Zhang, Yogesh R Suryawanshi, Helene M Woyczesczyk, Karim Essani","doi":"10.2174/1874357901711010028","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874357901711010028","url":null,"abstract":"Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer with ever-increasing incidence. Despite the development in diagnostics and therapies, metastatic melanoma is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a class of novel therapeutic agents for cancer by possessing two closely related properties for tumor reduction: virus-induced lysis of tumor cells and induction of host anti-tumor immune responses. A variety of viruses, either in \"natural\" or in genetically modified forms, have exhibited a remarkable therapeutic efficacy in regressing melanoma in experimental and/or clinical studies. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of these viruses, which involve manipulating and targeting the abnormalities of melanoma, and can be categorized as enhancing viral tropism, targeting the tumor microenvironment and increasing the innate and adaptive antitumor responses. Additionally, this review describes the \"biomarkers\" and deregulated pathways of melanoma that are responsible for melanoma initiation, progression and metastasis. Advances in understanding these abnormalities of melanoma have resulted in effective targeted and immuno-therapies, and could potentially be applied for engineering OVs with enhanced oncolytic activity in future.","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"28-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5420172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35049943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cytomegalovirus, Macrophages and Breast Cancer. 巨细胞病毒、巨噬细胞与乳腺癌。

The Open Virology Journal Pub Date : 2017-03-31 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901711010015

S Pasquereau, F Al Moussawi, W Karam, M Diab Assaf, A Kumar, G Herbein

引用次数: 24

Features of Maternal HIV-1 Associated with Lack of Vertical Transmission. 与缺乏垂直传播相关的母体HIV-1特征

The Open Virology Journal Pub Date : 2017-03-23 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901710011008

Nafees Ahmad, Aamir N Ahmad, Shahid N Ahmad

{"title":"Features of Maternal HIV-1 Associated with Lack of Vertical Transmission.","authors":"Nafees Ahmad, Aamir N Ahmad, Shahid N Ahmad","doi":"10.2174/1874357901710011008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357901710011008","url":null,"abstract":"HIV-1 is transmitted from mother-to-child (vertical transmission) at an estimated rate of approximately 30% without any antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, administration of ART during pregnancy considerably diminishes the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1, which has become a standard of perinatal care in HIV-infected pregnant females in developed countries. Moreover, a majority of children born to HIV-infected mothers are uninfected without any ART. In addition, characteristics of HIV-1 and/or cellular factors in the mothers may play a role in influencing or preventing vertical transmission. Several studies, including from our laboratory have characterized the properties of HIV-1 from infected mothers that transmitted HIV-1 to their infants (transmitting mothers) and compared with those mothers that failed to transmit HIV-1 to their infants (non-transmitting mothers) in the absence of ART. One of the striking differences observed was that the non-transmitting mothers harbored a less heterogeneous HIV-1 population than transmitting mothers in the analyzed HIV-1 regions of p17 gag, env V3, vif and vpr. The other significant and distinctive findings were that the functional domains of HIV-1 vif and vpr proteins were less conserved in non-transmitting mothers compared with transmitting mothers. Furthermore, there were differences seen in two important motifs of HIV-1 Gag p17, including conservation of QVSQNY motif and variation in KIEEEQN motif in non-transmitting mothers compared with transmitting mothers. Several of these distinguishing properties of HIV-1 in non-transmitting mothers provide insights in developing strategies for preventing HIV-1 vertical transmission.","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34957328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the Age Range of 20-39 Years Old Individuals in Lome 洛美20-39岁人群乙型肝炎病毒感染率高

The Open Virology Journal Pub Date : 2017-01-12 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901710011001

M. Kolou, G. Katawa, M. Salou, Komlan Selom Gozo-Akakpo, S. Dossim, A. Kwarteng, M. Prince-david

{"title":"High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the Age Range of 20-39 Years Old Individuals in Lome","authors":"M. Kolou, G. Katawa, M. Salou, Komlan Selom Gozo-Akakpo, S. Dossim, A. Kwarteng, M. Prince-david","doi":"10.2174/1874357901710011001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357901710011001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It affects all women and men irrespective of age. Although sub-Saharan Africa is an area of high prevalence of this disease, data on the prevalence of acute and chronic HBV infections in this region remain to be widely documented. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HBV in relation to age in Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Campus (CHU-C), one of the two teaching hospitals of Lome, Togo. Method: The present study is a cross-sectional study about the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage from 2009 to 2011. All study participants were screened for HBsAg at the Immunology laboratory of CHU Campus of Lome. Results: One thousand two hundred individuals were screened for HBsAg from 2009-2011. The overall prevalence of HBV infection was 19.08%. This prevalence was significantly higher in men (25.00%) than women (14.80%). The highest prevalence of HBV was observed in age range of 20-29 years and 30-39 years with respectively 26.33% and 21.67%. The lowest prevalence was 6.08%, found in people over 50 years. Concerning the clinical indication of the test, the prevalence during the clinical abnormalities related to liver (CARL) was the highest (26.21%), followed by the systematic screening (SS) with 20.25% while the pre-operative assessment (POA) showed the lowest prevalence with 5.56%. Conclusion: The study shows the high prevalence of HBsAg carriage in young people. This could be used to enhance prevention and treatment of HBV infection in Togo.","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88249389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Book Review: Infectious Disease Epidemiology 书评:传染病流行病学

The Open Virology Journal Pub Date : 2016-09-08 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901610010021

F. Cobo

引用次数: 0

Development of an Ad5H3 Chimera Using the "Antigen Capsid-Incorporation" Strategy for an Alternative Vaccination Approach. 利用“抗原衣壳结合”策略开发Ad5H3嵌合体作为替代疫苗接种方法。

The Open Virology Journal Pub Date : 2016-04-26 eCollection Date: 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901610010010

Linlin Gu, Mert Icyuz, Valentina Krendelchtchikova, Alexandre Krendelchtchikov, Alison E Johnston, Qiana L Matthews

{"title":"Development of an Ad5H3 Chimera Using the \"Antigen Capsid-Incorporation\" Strategy for an Alternative Vaccination Approach.","authors":"Linlin Gu, Mert Icyuz, Valentina Krendelchtchikova, Alexandre Krendelchtchikov, Alison E Johnston, Qiana L Matthews","doi":"10.2174/1874357901610010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874357901610010010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) achieved success as a conventional transgene vaccine vector in preclinical trials, however; achieved poor efficiency in some of the clinical trials, due to the major hurdle associated with Ad5 pre-existing immunity (PEI) in the majority of the human population.Objective: We sought to generate Ad5-based chimeras to assess their capabilities to bypass this bottleneck and to induce antigen-specific humoral immune response.Methods: A His6 tag was incorporated into the hypervariable region 2 (HVR2) of hexon3 (H3) capsid protein using the \"Antigen Capsid-Incorporation\" strategy. This lead to the construction of a viral chimera, Ad5H3-HVR2-His. Ad5H3 was generated previously by substituting the hexon of Ad5 (hexon5) with the hexon from adenovirus type 3 (Ad3).Results: His6 was presented on the viral capsid surface and recognized by a His6 antibody. An in vitro neutralization assay with Ad5 sera indicated the ability of Ad5 chimeras to partially escape Ad5 immunity. Immunization with Ad5H3-HVR2-His generated significant humoral response to the incorporated tagged peptide, when compared to the immunizations with controls.Conclusion: Based on our in vitro studies the data suggested that Ad5H3 as a novel chimeric vaccine platform yields the possibility to escape Ad5 neutralization, and the potential to generate robust humoral immunity against incorporated antigens using the \"Antigen Capsid-Incorporation\" strategy.","PeriodicalId":23111,"journal":{"name":"The Open Virology Journal","volume":"10 ","pages":"10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1f/3b/TOVJ-10-10.PMC4892130.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34604483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Viruses Causing Hemorrhagic Fever. Safety Laboratory Procedures 引起出血热的病毒。安全实验室程序

The Open Virology Journal Pub Date : 2016-01-15 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901610010001

F. Cobo

引用次数: 10