Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids最新文献

{"title":"A Literature Analysis of Themes in Paediatric Cochlear Implant Research","authors":"Ola Hendar, J. Dammeyer","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000130","url":null,"abstract":"Research on children with cochlear implants (CI) has documented positive outcomes, but also that many still experience language delays. The aim of this article is to explore how research on children with cochlear implants cover topics of early language development compared to research on children with typical hearing and children with hearing impairment without CI. Published research in the period 1990-2013 on language development was analysed with respect to frequency of selected search terms reflecting different language acquisition themes among children with typical hearing, children with hearing impairment without CI, and children with CI, respectively. Results showed a relatively lower number of articles which included themes such as pre-verbal language (imitation, joint attention and gestures), extra lingual abilities (social interaction), and later language skills (semantic, syntactic, grammar and pragmatic) in research on children with cochlear implants compared to research in children with typical hearing. A need for more research with focus on pre-lingual themes in language acquisition is discussed.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127413731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tongue Dynamics in Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Case Study","authors":"M. Irfana, N. Sreedevi","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000129","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is a subtype of speech sound disorder with unique features that include deficits in speech sound accuracy, prosody, coarticulatory transitions, and consistency on repeated attempts. Articulatory errors are abundant in apraxia such as articulatory groping, perseverative errors, and speech initiation difficulties. There are few studies conducted to see the articulatory pattern of CAS. Present study aimed to analyse the prime articulator, i.e. tongue dynamics in CAS in different place of articulation comparing with typically developing children. One child with CAS and one typically developing age matched control subject were participated in the study. The test material consisted of three meaningful words consisting stops in three different places of articulation including dental /t?/, retroflex/?/ and velar /k/. The instrument Mindray ultrasound 6600 with Articulate Assistant Advanced (AAA) ultrasound module Version 2.14 was used for data collection and analysis. The overall results showed variation across trials in CAS and this disparity between the trails were less in typical speaker’s utterances compared to CAS. The placement of tongue was diverse across subject during the articulation of /k/ with respect to the tongue height and advancement. Variations were more evident in the tongue front and posterior tongue body region compared to anterior tongue body. In the case of retroflex stop /?/ tongue front and posterior tongue body image was not prominent in all repetition of CAS. But in normal speaker all the three divisions were prominent and variations across trails were less. This information can be useful to set the treatment plans for CAS to resolve the articulatory errors.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124182431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Shared Reading with Toddlers Born Preterm and Full-Term","authors":"D. Loeb, Caitlin M. Imgrund, R. Greb, S. Barlow","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000128","url":null,"abstract":"Reading aloud to children is a predictor of later language and literacy development. Children as young as 7 months of age benefit from shared reading experiences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare mothers’ shared reading to their children in two groups: children born preterm and children born full-term. Sixteen mother-child dyads, 8 mothers with children born preterm and 8 mothers with children born full-term matched for child gender and maternal education participated when the children were an average of 13 months of age. The mothers were video-recorded as they shared two books with their children. The mothers’ shared book reading behaviors and use of print awareness was examined using the Toddler Emergent Literacy Checklist. There was no difference between the two groups of mothers with respect to shared book reading characteristics. Both groups of mothers used a variety of shared reading behaviors, such as labeling pictures, pointing to pictures, describing pictures, asking questions about pictures, asking the child to turn the page, and using child-directed prosody. Regarding print awareness, few of these behaviors were present in either group. Tracking print was present only in a small number of the mothers of the children born full-term. Together, these results provide new information on the early shared book reading of mothers of children born preterm and full-term.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114526105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Acoustical Analysis of the Frequency-Attenuation Response of Musician Earplugs","authors":"K. Chesky, A. Amlani","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000127","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Musician earplugs (MEP) are intended to reduce the risk for noise induced hearing loss among musician populations while providing flat attenuation characteristics. However, survey data suggest that low use rates among musicians are associated with negative listening experiences due to perceived alterations in the spectral characteristics of music. These shortcomings warrant the assessment of how a MEP processes the full frequency and complex spectral nuances of musical sounds. The goal of this study was to assess the influence of musician earplugs on musical stimuli using an acoustic test fixture in order to characterize objectively the influence of customand non-custom-fit MEPs on both the attenuation levels and the spectral characteristics of music in and over a wide range of intensity levels in a simulated human ear canal. Our objective measurements inside ear of KEMAR confirm that the spectral characteristics of music are altered by MEPs, regardless of whether the earplug was a non-custom or custom earplug. The findings suggest that the claims used to market MEPs to musicians and music schools are misleading and that the discrepancies for claiming attenuation characteristics in response to musical stimuli are related, in part, to the use of the REAT testing procedure. New testing protocols are recommended.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130707406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intervention Activities and Strategies for Promoting Academic Language in Preschoolers and Kindergartners","authors":"A. Kleeck","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000126","url":null,"abstract":"Teaching academic language has recently become a separate focus from teaching subject content for schoolaged children, but it is rarely considered with preschoolers and kindergartners. The critical importance of fostering academic language before children enter elementary school has recently been posited and supported by various strands of research, and the term academic talk has been used to capture the fact that early exposure to and use of this register is in the oral modality only. There is a pressing need for an early focus on this register for children with language impairments, given that their language weaknesses often foreshadow academic difficulties. In this article, an integrative framework of academic talk developed by van Kleeck is used to discuss concrete ways in which professionals can foster the social-interactive and cognitive features of academic talk among young prereading children. A focus on these social-interactive and cognitive features, which provide a coherent and accessible conceptual framework for the interventionist, automatically recruits the many specific linguistic features that have been found to be characteristic of academic language. Previous research has directly or indirectly shown that preschool and kindergarten children’s exposure individually to each of these features is associated with future academic success. However, this previous research has not provided a construct for considering the full constellation of features that combine to create the academic talk register. This article provides ideas for approaching these features individually at first, but then posits the need to gradually combine a focus on more and more features simultaneously to more completely reflect the nature of the academic talk register.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132273222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart Cane Outdoor Navigation System for Visually Impaired Deaf-blind and Blind Persons","authors":"B. Chaudary, P. Pulli","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000125","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study is to build an outdoor navigation system to assist Visually Impaired (VI) persons’ navigation independently in urban areas, regardless of the person’s hearing status. An augmented cane, magnetic point or continuous metallic trails, pulsing magnet apparatuses, and the transmission of serialized vibration braille encoded guidance are the features of the proposed navigation system. Trails of magnetic points or metal and pulsing magnet apparatuses will be installed on the sidewalks in the city centres. People with VI are able to sense the magnet points or the metallic trail through their augmented cane. This system will assist them to walk independently. Pulsing magnet apparatuses will be installed at Point of Interests (POI) on sidewalks, such as turns and other decision points, to inform persons through serialized vibrational messages. \u0000 Methods: The research follows design science research framework with characteristics of prototype construction validation in Living Lab environment.Qualitative research methods (interviews and questionnaire) are employed to for user centered development process and to evaluate afterwards how well the designed artifacts meet the requirements it was set to resolve. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method will be applied to convert users’ requirements into the features of the system.Usability experiments are defined to evaluate the usability of the proposed system in user tests. Pre-test qualitative interviews were performed in Pakistan with 15 blind or VI persons. All the subjects also participated into the system’s usability testing. \u0000 Results: The feedback of the test persons on about the proposed system after participating in the practical experiment of the system was positive. Based on the results, this kind of system would aid their navigation. The study also collected usability suggestions for further development of the system. \u0000 Conclusion: The proposed navigation system receives positive feedback from the potential users and the stakeholders. 13 out of the 15 blind and VI test persons were able to follow the test track successfully with the prototype and they found the proposed infrastructure applicable as navigation aid for the VI as a whole.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116283288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Counseling, Amplification and Fractal Tones in Tinnitus Management","authors":"J. Johansen, P. H. Skellgaard, S. Caporali","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000124","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Educational counseling, sound stimulation and stress reduction have been shown to be effective in reducing tinnitus distress. Hearing aids that include a sound generator capable of producing relaxing fractal tones and amplification seem to be an ideal solution for managing tinnitus patients. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of counseling, amplification and fractal tones applied sequentially. \u0000Method: 35 subjects with hearing loss and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores >18 participated in the study. Their mean age was 57 (±8) years. The tinnitus management had three phases: educational counseling, amplification and sound stimulation by use of fractal tones. Each phase lasted two months on average. The intervention period was six months. Most subjects initially reported tinnitus to have a moderate to severe negative impact on their quality of life. Subjects were instructed to use the hearing aids several hours per day and listen to the fractal tones for a minimum of two hours per day. THI questionnaires were applied at baseline, after each phase of the protocol (i.e., counseling, amplification and sound stimulation) and 12 months post-treatment. Additional questionnaires regarding hearing aid and sound stimulation experiences were also collected. \u0000Results: The majority of subjects showed a clinically and statistically significant reduction in perceived tinnitus-related distress after six months and 12 months post-treatment(p<0.001). Improvements were seen after counseling (p<0.001), and after hearing aids and sound stimulation (p<0.003). The vast majority of subjects were very satisfied with the hearing aids and evaluated the sound stimulation as being either satisfactory or very satisfactory. The average use of the hearing aids was 9 hours a day. \u0000Conclusion: Overall the findings show that a combined approach with counseling and hearing aids that include a sound generator capable of producing fractal tones is a successful tool in tinnitus management.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114742310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-hatching Eustachian Tuboplasty Long Term Outcomes","authors":"C. Yáñez, R. Velazquez, Nallely Mora Salinas","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000123","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To review the long term outcomes of Cross-hatching Eustachian Tuboplasty (ChEt) in patients with Chronic Obstructive Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (COETD), as well as assess the clinical factors associated with surgical success. \u0000 Study design: Retrospective case series review. \u0000 Setting: Tertiary healthcare institution. \u0000 Methods: This is a retrospective review by the senior author of all cases of non-revision ChEt for COETD. Follow-up period was 5 years. The curvature of the posterior cushion was modified using an argon laser to alter the spring of the cartilage alleviating the obstructed valve's aperture. Several clinical factors were reviewed in relation to the successful opening of Eustachian tube valve. \u0000 Results: One hundred and twenty patients, 72 males/48 females, average age 42.4+2 years old, met study inclusion criteria. COETD patients/obstructive causes were: Posterior cushion hypertrophy, 68(56.6%). Tensor Veli and Levator Veli Palatini muscles hypertrophy, 15(12.5%). Remarkable mucosal hypertrophic disease, 37(30.8%). Total of ET tubes was 198. Bilateral 143(72.2%), 55 unilateral (27.7%) ET Valve was seen more open postoperatively on Simple Endoscopy (SE) and Slow Motion Video Analysis (SMVEA). There were no complications. Mean pure tone average improved by 20 dB postoperatively; P=0.015. Mean immitance changes in tympanometric measurements improved postoperatively at least 0.10 mmhos in 91% of the patients (P=.010). Resolution of symptoms was considered a successful outcome. Failure correlated with the severity of disease. \u0000 Conclusion: High rates of improvement (96%) were achieved. ChEt is a promising technique for the treatment of COETD.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128475123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otitis Media with Effusion in Children: A Follow up Study in West Baghdad, Iraq","authors":"A. Al-juboori, Ameer A. Al-Aqeedee, Hussam D. Saeed","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000122","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the clinical, audiological and radiological characteristics as well as treatment outcome of children less than 12 years old suffered from Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) from West Baghdad, Iraq. \u0000 Materials and Methods: This is a follow up study performed upon 180 child under 12 years old, diagnosed having OME by clinical, audiological and radiological means, they were treated in Al-Ramadi and Al-Fallujah General Hospitals drained from West Baghdad and Al-Anbar Governorate, during the period from May 2010 to July 2012. The data obtained from the parents, clinical examination and investigations like Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA), tympanometry and lateral soft tissue x-ray of the neck had been done. The treatment outcome studied after follow up for six months. \u0000 Results: There were 54.4% boys and 45.6% girls. The main presenting symptom was hearing impairment (brought by family) (47.2%) and the main presenting sign was retraction of tympanic membrane (91.7%), the mean amount of hearing loss by PTA was 22.6 ± 5.5 dB. In 92.2% of patients tympanometry was type B. The size of the adenoid measured by AdenoidNasopharyngeal ratio was located mainly on Grade 3+ (43.3%). All the patients were given medical treatment, 61.1% of them responded. Patients that failed to response to medical treatment underwent different modalities of surgical means represented mainly by myringotomy and adenotonsillectomy. \u0000 Conclusion: There was significant correlation between the size of adenoid and the type of tympanogram and hearing threshold. The treatment was mainly medical, while surgical means if indicated they were myringotomy accompanied mainly with adenotonsillectomy.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129306997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bullying in Schools: Speech Language Pathologistsâ Responses to SpecificBullying Incidents","authors":"G. Blood, Kathryn Decker, Kristen A. Raviotti, Abigail Leibig, I. Blood","doi":"10.4172/2375-4427.1000121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4427.1000121","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The perceptions of school-based Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) about the seriousness of different bullying incidents, the likelihood of their intervention, and their selection of management strategies were examined. The following hypotheses were tested: 1) SLPs view all four types of bullying of children with SLI (Speech Language Impairment) as equally serious, 2) SLPs are equally likely to intervene in all four types of bullying of children with SLI, and 3) SLPs are likely to use similar intervention strategies in all four types of bullying of children with SLI. \u0000 Methods: A mailed survey describing 4 types of bullying (physical, verbal, relational and cyber) of students with Specific Language Impairment was completed by 436 SLPs (93.1% female; mean age=45.6 years, SD=13.9). \u0000 Results: A majority (89%) of SLPs perceived the bullying as serious, and 87% were likely to intervene. SLPs consistently rated relational bullying as less serious than the other types of bullying. There was a significant positive correlation between two constructs; the more likely an SLP perceived the bullying vignette as serious, the more likely s/he reported some intervention. A factor analysis of 14 bullying management strategies found 3 main factors: (1) reporting the incident and consulting with other personnel, (2) teaching the child self-defense strategies, and (3) reassuring and comforting the victim. \u0000 Conclusions: The SLPs, as a group, did not view all four types of bullying of children with SLI as equally serious. They also were not equally likely to intervene in all four types of bullying of children with SLI or report using similar intervention strategies in all four types of bullying of children with SLI. As a group, they responded with management strategies that assisted the child in reporting the incident, sharing information with other school personnel, bystanders and parents.","PeriodicalId":231062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127629906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}