Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Anterior nucleus of thalamus deep brain stimulation for medication refractory epilepsy modulates theta and low-frequency gamma activity: a case study.","authors":"Zachary T Sanger, Xinbing Zhang, Ilo E Leppik, Thomas Lisko, Theoden I Netoff, Robert A McGovern","doi":"10.1177/17562864251323052","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562864251323052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 35-year-old gentleman with a traumatic brain injury was diagnosed with refractory epilepsy with electroencephalogram and imaging findings supporting a broad seizure onset pattern in bilateral frontotemporal regions. He therefore received a Medtronic Percept PC Deep Brain Stimulator (DBS) placed bilaterally in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT). While most refractory epilepsy patients' stimulation parameters use the SANTE trial standard clinical settings of 145 Hz, 90 μs, with cycling 1-min stimulation on and 5 min stimulation off, this participant underwent 7 different stimulation parameter tests at home following testing in the clinic of 24 different stimulation parameters across 12 neurologist visits. This device allows for simultaneous stimulation of the ANT while recording the ANT local field potential (LFP) response under different stimulation parameters. Slepian multitaper analysis, modified Fitting Oscillations, and One Over F method for detrending the aperiodic component were performed to analyze neural oscillations in the frequency domain captured in the clinic. This participant was participating in a clinical study examining the effectiveness of nonstandard DBS settings to minimize broadband neural activity in the ANT. Statistically significant neuromodulatory suppression of gamma oscillations was observed in the clinic under multiple stimulation settings. We compared the ability of these research stimulation parameters to suppress at-home ANT neural activity against the standard clinical settings and examined the effects of both sets of parameters on LFP power nonstationarity. At home, theta/alpha LFP power suppression was statistically significantly reduced under the 125 Hz, 50 μs setting as opposed to the clinical setting of 145 Hz, 90 μs. The participant has achieved greater than 50% seizure reduction for over 1 year since the last neurology visit. Suppression of gamma in the clinic in the right hemisphere and suppression of theta at home in the left hemisphere show promise as quantitative feedback biomarkers for ANT-DBS. Understanding the local and network relationships of theta and slow gamma oscillations in the thalamus would further explain how these modulated oscillations may relate to the onset and propagation of seizures.</p>","PeriodicalId":22980,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders","volume":"18 ","pages":"17562864251323052"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efgartigimod for induction and maintenance therapy in muscle-specific kinase myasthenia gravis.","authors":"Yufan Zhou, Qian Zhou, Yaoxian Yue, Sushan Luo, Jie Song, Chong Yan, Dingxian He, Jialong Zhang, Wenhua Zhu, Chongbo Zhao, Huan Yang, Qinzhou Wang, Jianying Xi","doi":"10.1177/17562864251326778","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562864251326778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The efficacy of efgartigimod in treating myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) antibodies has not been demonstrated in the clinical trial, existing case reports, or observational studies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of efgartigimod combined with immunotherapies such as tacrolimus or B-cell depleting agents, as maintenance treatment for MuSK-MG patients.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This retrospective study included 14 MuSK-MG patients treated with efgartigimod at three tertiary hospitals from 2023 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on the activities of daily living (ADL) scores, Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis scores, and the time reaching minimal symptom expression (MSE) were collected. The combined use of steroids, immunosuppressants, and rescue therapies, as well as the adverse event incidence, were also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age at first efgartigimod treatment was 55 ± 18 years old with a median follow-up time of 28 weeks. From baseline to week 4, MG-ADL scores decreased significantly from 10.1 ± 4.0 to 2.2 ± 3.1 (<i>n</i> = 14, <i>p</i> = 0.001). The majority of patients (92.9%) maintains a reduction of at least 2 points for more than 8 weeks. The median time to achieve MSE was 4 weeks, with 71.4% (10/14) of patients reaching MSE by week 12. In patients receiving CD20 B cell depleting therapy or tacrolimus as maintenance, the time-weighted average dosage of prednisone was 16 mg while that in those with prednisone alone was 37 mg. Of all the 14 patients, one developed an upper respiratory tract infection 4 weeks after rituximab (RTX), and one was infected with herpes zoster virus 13 weeks after RTX.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A single-cycle efgartigimod as an induction therapy, combined with immunotherapies such as tacrolimus or B cell depleting agents, as maintenance treatment, could benefit MuSK-MG patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":22980,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders","volume":"18 ","pages":"17562864251326778"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating natalizumab first-line and later-line use in multiple sclerosis: a US claims database analysis.","authors":"Robin L Avila, Nicole S Croteau, Fei Tang, Jason C Simeone, Khalil Jomaa, Boyang Bian, Mattia Gianinazzi","doi":"10.1177/17562864251317949","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562864251317949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited information exists on the healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) associated with real-world natalizumab used as a first-line (1L) versus later-line (2L+) treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe natalizumab use in newly diagnosed MS patients treated as 1L or 2L+ and evaluate unadjusted annualized relapse rates (ARR) and MS-related HCRU before and after treatment initiation.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This retrospective observational study utilized Komodo Health Sentinel claims data from October 2015 to August 2022. The study included adults diagnosed with incident MS who initiated natalizumab treatment, with insurance coverage for at least 12 months before diagnosis and 24 months after. The index date was the first natalizumab claim on or after the diagnosis. Baseline was defined as the 365 days prior to the index date, truncated at the time of diagnosis. Follow-up ended at the earliest occurrence of death, insurance disenrollment, treatment discontinuation (gap ⩾45 days), switch to another disease-modifying therapy before natalizumab discontinuation, or study end.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relapses and HCRU were assessed using person-time methods to account for varying follow-up times. Relapses were identified using a validated claims-based algorithm, and time to first relapse was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods. Hazard ratios for relapse were estimated using univariate Cox models. Mean differences (MD) in HCRU between baseline and follow-up and between 1L and 2L+ treatment groups were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1174 patients in the 1L group (mean age 39.0, 72.0% female) and 394 in the 2L+ group (mean age 39.7, 79.4% female) were included. Patients in the 1L group had a significantly higher baseline ARR (1.48 vs 0.92, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and lower on-treatment ARR (0.28 vs 0.41 for 2L+, <i>p</i> < 0.001). HCRU decreased significantly in the 1L group from baseline to follow-up: hospitalizations (MD 17.01 visits/year), length of stay (LOS; MD 20.96 days/year), emergency room visits (MD 9.83 visits/year), non-natalizumab outpatient visits (MD 12.11 visits/year) and long-term care facility stays (MD 22.18 days/year, <i>p</i> = 0.002). The 1L group showed greater reductions in inpatient visits (MD 10.01 visits//year), LOS (MD 16.73 days/year) and non-natalizumab outpatient visits (MD 11.64 visits/year) compared to the 2L+ group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Natalizumab as a first-line treatment was associated with greater reductions in ARR and MS-related HCRU compared to later-line use.</p>","PeriodicalId":22980,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders","volume":"18 ","pages":"17562864251317949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential use of plasma NfL as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of fatigue in early Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Ningning Che, Jingxuan Huang, Shichan Wang, Qirui Jiang, Tianmi Yang, Yi Xiao, Junyu Lin, Jiajia Fu, Ruwei Ou, Chunyu Li, Xueping Chen, Huifang Shang","doi":"10.1177/17562864251324406","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562864251324406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fatigue is a prevalent non-motor symptom that often appears in the early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) was elevated in PD patients and may be considered a potential biomarker for both motor and cognitive progression.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we explored the association between plasma NfL levels and various fatigue subtypes and the prediction of baseline plasma NfL levels for fatigue subtype conversion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with PD were classified into four categories: persistent fatigue, never fatigue, non-persistent fatigue, and new-onset fatigue. They underwent detailed neurological evaluations at baseline and a 2-year follow-up. Plasma NfL, glial fibrillary acidic protein, phosphorylated tau181, amyloid beta 42, and Aβ40 levels in both PD patients and control subjects were measured using an ultrasensitive single molecule array.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study enrolled 174 PD patients and 95 control subjects. Plasma NfL levels were significantly higher in the persistent fatigue group compared to the never fatigue group at the 2-year follow-up (<i>p</i> <i><</i> 0.05). Longitudinally, 45.16% of baseline fatigue patients converted to non-fatigue at the 2-year follow-up. Additionally, 22.12% of patients initially without-figure patients converted to fatigue patients at the 2-year follow-up. Baseline plasma NfL levels were significantly higher in both the persistent fatigue and new-onset fatigue groups compared to the never fatigue group (<i>p</i> <i><</i> 0.05). Higher baseline NfL levels were significantly associated with new-onset fatigue (odds ratio = 1.127, <i>p</i> = 0.034) after adjusting for confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baseline plasma NfL levels may serve as a biomarker for predicting fatigue subtype conversion and the progression of fatigue in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":22980,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders","volume":"18 ","pages":"17562864251324406"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy-mediated modulation of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis and associations with diet and clinical response-the effect of dimethyl fumarate therapy.","authors":"Elsebeth Staun-Ram, Anat Volkowich, Ariel Miller","doi":"10.1177/17562864241306565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17562864241306565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accumulating evidence supports a role of the microbiota in health and disease, including in multiple sclerosis (MS). How MS drugs affect the microbiota and whether this is part of their mode of action is yet unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess how dimethyl fumarate (DMF) affects the gut microbiota and whether the microbiota is associated with clinical response or adverse events (AEs) to DMF or diet.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>An observational cohort study, in which the microbiota from 45 patients with relapsing-remitting MS pre-DMF initiation and following 6 months of DMF therapy, and from 47 matched healthy controls, were compared, and associations with clinical and dietary data assessed.</p><p><strong>Data sources and methods: </strong>Microbial DNA was sequenced and analyzed using MicrobiomeAnalyst. The clinical response was assessed after 1-year DMF therapy based upon evidence of disease activity (relapse, ΔEDSS increase >1, or MRI activity compared to pre-treatment). Dietary data were obtained by food questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alterations in relative abundance of several microbes were identified post 6-month DMF therapy compared to pre-treatment, including an increase in Firmicutes, <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>, and <i>Ruminococcaceae</i>, while reduction in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Patients who showed disease activity within 1 year from DMF initiation had pre-treatment higher abundance of Proteobacteria, <i>Flavonifractor</i>, and <i>Acidaminococcaceae</i>, while lower abundance of Firmicutes, <i>Ruminococcaceae</i>, <i>Butyricicoccus</i>, and <i>Massiliprevotella massiliensis</i>, compared to patients without disease activity. Patients who discontinued DMF therapy due to AEs had pre-treatment higher abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, <i>Eggerthella</i>, and <i>Lachnoclostridium</i> and lower abundance of <i>Ruminococcaceae</i>, <i>Megamonas</i>, and <i>Holdemanella</i>, among others. Differentially abundant microbes correlated with intake of several nutrients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DMF immunotherapy is associated with modifications of the microbiota. The microbiota may affect the severity of AEs and the clinical response to DMF, and is potentially modulated by diet. Microbiota-based, personalized treatment approach, integrating pharmacotherapy with dietary components, carries potential to improved clinical outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":22980,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders","volume":"18 ","pages":"17562864241306565"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue, sleep quality, depression symptoms, and antiseizure medication resistance in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy.","authors":"Rui Zhong, Teng Zhao, Nan Li, Jing Li, Guangjian Li, Xinyue Zhang, Weihong Lin","doi":"10.1177/17562864251325338","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562864251325338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Complaints of fatigue and poor sleep quality are common in patients with epilepsy. Fatigue may precipitate seizures, and patients with poor sleep quality have higher frequency of seizures and are more likely to have symptoms of depression.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to determine the association of baseline fatigue and sleep quality with antiseizure medication (ASM) resistance in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy (PWNDE). We also evaluate whether the association is mediated by depression symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a prospective cohort study of PWNDE at comprehensive epilepsy center in Northeast China between June 2020 and May 2024. Fatigue, sleep quality, and depression symptoms were assessed at baseline. All patients were followed for 24 months for ASM-resistant epilepsy. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of ASM resistance. Models fitted with restricted cubic spline were performed to test for linear and nonlinear shapes of each association. Mediation analysis was used to estimate the mediating effects of depression severity on association between fatigue, sleep quality, and ASM resistance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 189 patients (59 ASM-resistant cases and 130 ASM-responsive controls) were included in the final analysis. Baseline fatigue (HR, 1.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.094-3.583, <i>p</i> = 0.024) and poor sleep quality (HR, 2.193; 95% CI, 1.29-3.729, <i>p</i> = 0.004) were associated with an increased hazard of ASM resistance in PWNDE after full adjustments. There exists a nonlinear association between Fatigue Severity Scale score and the hazard of ASM resistance (<i>P</i> for nonlinear = 0.012). Depression severity partly mediated the effect of fatigue and sleep quality on ASM resistance, with mediated proportions of 18.5% for the fatigue and 23.7% for the sleep quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baseline fatigue and poor sleep quality were associated with an increased risk of ASM resistance. The association between fatigue, sleep quality, and ASM resistance were partly mediated by depression severity. These findings emphasize that patients with ASM-resistant epilepsy are more likely to have fatigue, depression, and poor sleep quality at baseline and this may be unrelated to ASM intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":22980,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders","volume":"18 ","pages":"17562864251325338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11905035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>CACNA1S</i>-associated triadopathy presenting with myalgia, muscle weakness, and asymptomatic hyperCKemia.","authors":"Si Luo, Min Zhu, Dandan Tan, Yusen Qiu, Meihong Zhou, Daojun Hong","doi":"10.1177/17562864251317961","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562864251317961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>CACNA1S</i> variants can alter the structure and function of the calcium channel, resulting in abnormal calcium influx and homeostasis. It is well established that pathogenic variants in <i>CACNA1S</i> can lead to hypokalemic periodic paralysis, malignant hyperthermia, and congenital myopathy. Nevertheless, the clinical presentations and disease progression of exertional myalgia and weakness associated with <i>CACNA1S</i> variants remain elusive. In this study, four affected individuals from an autosomal-dominant family were described, exhibiting symptoms of severe exertional myalgia, followed by flaccid weakness or rhabdomyolysis, along with asymptomatic hyperCKemia during the interictal period. Long exercise test showed a late decrease in compound muscle action potential amplitude. Muscle MRI revealed edema-like changes in the early stage, and fatty degeneration and substitution in prolonged disease courses, while closely aligned with the features of chronic myopathy. Ultrastructural examination revealed dilation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrillar structural disarrangement. Genetic screening identified a c.3724A>G (p.Arg1242Gly) mutation in the <i>CACNA1S</i> gene. A literature review revealed that 15 patients exhibited the exertional myalgia and weakness phenotype associated with CACNA1S mutations, presenting similar clinical, electrophysiological, radiological, and pathological features. As the disease progressed, these patients developed severe muscle weakness, ultimately leading to wheelchair dependency. This exertional myalgia-weakness phenotype represented a unique <i>CACNA1S</i>-related phenotype that broadened the spectrum of <i>CACNA1S</i>-associated myopathy, bridging between periodic paralysis and congenital myopathies. The similarities between <i>CACNA1S</i>-associated myalgia-weakness and RyR1-associated myalgia-weakness underscored a shared pathogenesis of excitatory-contractile coupling at the triad of skeletal muscle.</p>","PeriodicalId":22980,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders","volume":"18 ","pages":"17562864251317961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiating idiopathic Parkinson's disease from multiple system atrophy-P using brain MRI-based radiomics: a multicenter study.","authors":"Yin-Hui Huang, Mei-Li Yang, Yuan-Zhe Li, Ya-Fang Chen, Chi Cai, Jing Huang, Yi Wang, Tie-Qiang Li, Qin-Yong Ye","doi":"10.1177/17562864251318865","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562864251318865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Differentiating idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) from multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian type (MSA-P) is essential for optimizing patient care and prognosis, given the differences in disease progression and treatment response.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop and evaluate a radiomics-based model using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived features to distinguish IPD from MSA-P.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A multicenter retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter retrospective study was conducted with 287 patients (186 IPD and 101 MSA-P) who underwent brain MRI. Radiomic features were extracted from T1-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging sequences, and various machine learning classifiers were applied, including logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), ExtraTrees, extreme gradient boosting, and Light Gradient Boosting Machine. Model performance was assessed using area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. A nomogram combining clinical and radiomic features was also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SVM model, selected as the base for the Rad-signature, achieved the best diagnostic performance, with AUCs of 0.885 and 0.900 in the training and testing cohorts, respectively. The Rad-signature significantly outperformed clinical-only models in distinguishing IPD from MSA-P. The nomogram incorporating radiomic and clinical features yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.973 and 0.963 for training and testing cohorts, respectively) and balanced sensitivity and specificity. Decision curve analysis confirmed the nomogram's clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Radiomics-based MRI analysis offers a powerful tool for distinguishing IPD from MSA-P, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, and aiding personalized treatment planning. Integrating radiomic and clinical data may improve diagnostic workflows in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":22980,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders","volume":"18 ","pages":"17562864251318865"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential administration of efgartigimod shortened the course of Guillain-Barré syndrome: a case series.","authors":"Sihui Chen, Ruwei Ou, Qianqian Wei, Bi Zhao, Xueping Chen","doi":"10.1177/17562864251314746","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562864251314746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a serious neurological condition with limited treatment options. A recent report demonstrated successful treatment with efgartigimod alone in two patients with GBS, although it did not significantly shorten the disease duration. This case series investigates the effects of sequential efgartigimod administration in patients with different GBS phenotypes and varying levels of disease severity. All three patients tested positive for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against serum gangliosides. In Case 1, the patient was treated with 0.4 g/kg of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for 5 days, showing minimal recovery. After receiving 3 weekly doses of efgartigimod (10 mg/kg), the patient achieved independent ambulation 19 days post-onset, with a reduction in serum ganglioside antibody titers and total IgG levels. Case 2 involved a middle-aged man with Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS)-GBS overlap, who experienced worsened autonomic dysfunction following IVIg treatment. After three doses of efgartigimod, the patient showed symptom improvement within 1 month, alongside a reduction in IgG antibody levels. In Case 3, a 27-year-old male with MFS-GBS overlap, initially unresponsive to IVIg, showed significant improvement in ophthalmoplegia following two doses of efgartigimod, with his serum ganglioside antibodies eventually becoming undetectable. Our findings suggest that sequential efgartigimod treatment may effectively reduce serum anti-ganglioside antibody titers and potentially shorten the disease course in severe GBS and MFS-GBS overlap syndrome. Additionally, it may offer clinical benefits for patients with GBS who have a poor or no response to IVIg, particularly in treating ophthalmoplegia.</p>","PeriodicalId":22980,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders","volume":"18 ","pages":"17562864251314746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11863258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of treatment efficacy and cost-effectiveness of rituximab and oral agents among patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a population-based cohort study.","authors":"Hye Lim Lee, Minwoong Kang, Jin Myoung Seok, Byung-Jo Kim, Byoung Joon Kim","doi":"10.1177/17562864251314020","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17562864251314020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rituximab (RTX) is a well-known effective treatment for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the effectiveness of RTX treatment in patients with NMOSD and compared medical expenses between RTX and other oral agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the National Health Insurance System database (2010-2021), we compared the time to the first relapse and medical expenses after each medication between groups with RTX and oral agents. Also, we analyzed the association between the level of disability and the type of drugs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 899 patients were included, and they were divided into two groups according to the type of treatment. The group treated with RTX had a lower risk of relapse than those treated with other oral agents (hazard ratio, 0.479, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Regarding medical expenses, the increase in total medical costs was associated with the use of RTX and the number of relapses. The increase in medical costs was higher in cases with increased disability owing to NMOSD after adjustment for the number of relapses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In comparison to other oral agents, RTX showed a favorable treatment effect. It is also relatively cost-effective, considering the change in disability in a large-scale real-world nationwide study.</p>","PeriodicalId":22980,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders","volume":"18 ","pages":"17562864251314020"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}