Theoretical and Applied Genetics最新文献

{"title":"Determination of single or paired-kernel-rows is controlled by two quantitative loci during maize domestication.","authors":"Manjun Cai, Qing Xiong, Ruijie Mao, Can Zhu, Hua Deng, Zuxin Zhang, Fazhan Qiu, Lei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00122-024-04742-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00122-024-04742-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>qPEDS1, a major quantitative trait locus that determines kernel row number during domestication, harbors the proposed causal gene Zm00001d033675, which may affect jasmonic acid biosynthesis and determine the fate of spikelets. Maize domestication has achieved the production of maize with enlarged ears, enhancing grain productivity dramatically. Kernel row number (KRN), an important yield-related trait, has increased from two rows in teosinte to at least eight rows in modern maize. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. To understand KRN domestication, we developed a teosinte-maize BC₂F₇ population by introgressing teosinte into a maize background. We identified one line, Teosinte ear rank1 (Ter1), with only 5-7 kernel rows which is fewer than those in almost all maize inbred lines. We detected two quantitative trait loci underlying Ter1 and fine-mapped the major one to a 300-kb physical interval. Two candidate genes, Zm674 and Zm675, were identified from 26 maize reference genomes and teosinte bacterial artificial chromosome sequences. Finally, we proposed that Ter1 affects jasmonic acid biosynthesis in the developing ear to determine KRN by the fate of spikelets. This study provides novel insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying KRN domestication and candidates for de novo wild teosinte domestication.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"137 10","pages":"227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SlJMJ14, identified via QTL‑seq and fine mapping, controls flowering time in tomatoes.","authors":"Tairu Wu, Baohang Su, He Zhang, Dalong Li, Hanqiao Zhang, Guanglong Xiao, Ao Sun, Tingting Zhao, Xiangyang Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00122-024-04737-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00122-024-04737-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>A major QTL, qLF2.1, for flowering time in tomatoes, was fine mapped to chromosome 2 within a 51.37-kb interval, and the SlJMJ14 gene was verified as the causal gene by knockout. Tomato flowering time is an important agronomic trait that affects yield, fruit quality, and environmental adaptation. In this study, the high-generation inbred line 19108 with a late-flowering phenotype was selected for the mapping of the gene that causes late flowering. In the F₂ population derived from 19108 (late flowering) × MM (early flowering), we identified a major late-flowering time quantitative trait locus (QTL) using QTL-seq, designated qLF2.1. This QTL was fine mapped to a 51.37-kb genomic interval using recombinant analysis. Through functional analysis of homologous genes, Solyc02g082400 (SlJMJ14), encoding a histone demethylase, was determined to be the most promising candidate gene. Knocking out SlJMJ14 in MM resulted in a flowering time approximately 5-6 days later than that in the wild-type plants. These results suggest that mutational SlJMJ14 is the major QTL for the late-flowering phenotype of the 19108 parental line.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"137 10","pages":"228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of cross-progeny variance genomic prediction using simulations and experimental data in winter elite bread wheat","authors":"Claire Oget-Ebrad, Emmanuel Heumez, Laure Duchalais, Ellen Goudemand-Dugué, François-Xavier Oury, Jean-Michel Elsen, Sophie Bouchet","doi":"10.1007/s00122-024-04718-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04718-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key message</h3><p><b>From simulations and experimental data, the quality of cross progeny variance genomic predictions may be high, but depends on trait architecture and necessitates sufficient number of progenies.</b></p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Genomic predictions are used to select genitors and crosses in plant breeding. The usefulness criterion (UC) is a cross-selection criterion that necessitates the estimation of parental mean (PM) and progeny standard deviation (SD). This study evaluates the parameters that affect the predictive ability of UC and its two components using simulations. Predictive ability increased with heritability and progeny size and decreased with QTL number, most notably for SD. Comparing scenarios where marker effects were known or estimated using prediction models, SD was strongly impacted by the quality of marker effect estimates. We proposed a new algebraic formula for SD estimation that takes into account the uncertainty of the estimation of marker effects. It improved predictions when the number of QTL was superior to 300, especially when heritability was low. We also compared estimated and observed UC using experimental data for heading date, plant height, grain protein content and yield. PM and UC estimates were significantly correlated for all traits (PM: 0.38, 0.63, 0.51 and 0.91; UC: 0.45, 0.52, 0.54 and 0.74; for yield, grain protein content, plant height and heading date, respectively), while SD was correlated only for heading date and plant height (0.64 and 0.49, respectively). According to simulations, SD estimations in the field would necessitate large progenies. This pioneering study experimentally validates genomic prediction of UC but the predictive ability depends on trait architecture and precision of marker effect estimates. We advise the breeders to adjust progeny size to realize the SD potential of a cross.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping and transcriptomic profiling reveal that the KNAT6 gene is involved in the dark green peel colour of mature pumpkin fruit (Cucurbita maxima L.)","authors":"ChaoJie Wang, Wenqi Ding, Fangyuan Chen, Ke Zhang, Yuetong Hou, Guichao Wang, Wenlong Xu, Yunli Wang, Shuping Qu","doi":"10.1007/s00122-024-04741-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04741-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key message</h3><p>We identified a 580 bp deletion of <i>CmaKNAT6</i> coding region influences peel colour of mature <i>Cucurbita maxima</i> fruit.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Peel colour is an important agronomic characteristic affecting commodity quality in <i>Cucurbit</i> plants. Genetic mapping of fruit peel colour promotes molecular breeding and provides an important basis for understanding the regulatory mechanism in <i>Cucurbit</i> plants. In the present study, the <i>Cucurbita maxima</i> inbred line ‘9-6’ which has a grey peel colour and ‘U3-3-44’ which has a dark green peel colour in the mature fruit stage, were used as plant materials. At 5–40 days after pollination (DAP), the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids in the ‘U3-3-44’ peels were significantly greater than those in the ‘9-6’ peels. In the epicarp of the ‘9-6’ mature fruit, the presence of nonpigmented cell layers and few chloroplasts in each cell in the pigmented layers were observed. Six generations derived by crossing ‘9-6’ and ‘U3-3-44’ were constructed, and the dark green peel was found to be controlled by a single dominant locus, which was named <i>CmaMg</i> (<i>mature green peel</i>). Through bulked-segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and insertion-deletion (InDel) markers, <i>CmaMg</i> was mapped to a region of approximately 449.51 kb on chromosome 11 using 177 F₂ individuals. Additionally, 1703 F₂ plants were used for fine mapping to compress the candidate interval to a region of 32.34 kb. Five coding genes were in this region, and <i>CmaCh11G000900</i> was identified as a promising candidate gene according to the reported function, sequence alignment, and expression analyses. <i>CmaCh11G000900</i> (<i>CmaKNAT6</i>) encodes the homeobox protein knotted-1-like 6 and contains 4 conserved domains. <i>CmaKNAT6</i> of ‘9-6’ had a 580 bp deletion, leading to premature transcriptional termination. The expression of <i>CmaKNAT6</i> tended to increase sharply during the early fruit development stage but decrease gradually during the late period of fruit development. Allelic diversity analysis of pumpkin germplasm resources indicated that the 580 bp deletion in the of <i>CmaKNAT6</i> coding region was associated with peel colour. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that CmaKNAT6 is a nuclear protein. Transcriptomic analysis of the inbred lines ‘9-6’ and ‘U3-3-44’ indicated that genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis were more enriched in ‘U3-3-44’ than in ‘9-6’. Additionally, the expression of transcription factor genes that positively regulate chlorophyll synthesis and light signal transduction pathways was upregulated in ‘U3-3-44’. These results lay a foundation for further studies on the genetic mechanism underlying peel colour and for optimizing peel colour-based breeding strategies for <i>C. maxima</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat improvement through advances in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection and genotyping with a special emphasis on rust resistance","authors":"Subramaniam Geethanjali, Palchamy Kadirvel, Sambasivam Periyannan","doi":"10.1007/s00122-024-04730-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04730-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key message</h3><p>Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in wheat and their prospects in breeding with special reference to rust resistance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based markers are increasingly gaining momentum for screening and utilizing vital agronomic traits in wheat. To date, more than 260 million SNPs have been detected in modern cultivars and landraces of wheat. This rapid SNP discovery was made possible through the release of near-complete reference and pan-genome assemblies of wheat and its wild relatives, coupled with whole genome sequencing (WGS) of thousands of wheat accessions. Further, genotyping customized SNP sites were facilitated by a series of arrays (9 to 820Ks), a cost effective substitute WGS. Lately, germplasm-specific SNP arrays have been introduced to characterize novel traits and detect closely linked SNPs for marker-assisted breeding. Subsequently, the kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assay was introduced for rapid and large-scale screening of specific SNP markers. Moreover, with the advances and reduction in sequencing costs, ample opportunities arise for generating SNPs artificially through mutations and in combination with next-generation sequencing and comparative genomic analyses. In this review, we provide historical developments and prospects of SNP markers in wheat breeding with special reference to rust resistance where over 50 genetic loci have been characterized through SNP markers. Rust resistance is one of the most essential traits for wheat breeding as new strains of the <i>Puccinia</i> fungus, responsible for rust diseases, evolve frequently and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EMS-induced missense mutation in TaCHLI-7D affects leaf color and yield-related traits in wheat","authors":"Zixu Wang, Huiyuan Xu, Faxiang Wang, Lingling Sun, Xiangrui Meng, Zhuochun Li, Chang Xie, Huijiao Jiang, Guangshuo Ding, Xinrong Hu, Yuhang Gao, Ran Qin, Chunhua Zhao, Han Sun, Fa Cui, Yongzhen Wu","doi":"10.1007/s00122-024-04740-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04740-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key message</h3><p>Mutations in<i> TaCHLI</i> impact chlorophyll levels and yield-related traits in wheat.\u0000Natural variations in<i> TaCHLI-7A/B</i> influence plant productivity, offering potential for molecular\u0000breeding.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Chlorophyll is essential for plant growth and productivity. The CHLI subunit of the magnesium chelatase protein plays a key role inserting magnesium into protoporphyrin IX during chlorophyll biosynthesis. Here, we identify a novel wheat mutant <i>chlorophyll</i> (<i>chl</i>) that exhibits yellow-green leaves, reduced chlorophyll levels, and increased carotenoid content, leading to an overall decline in yield-related traits. Map-based cloning reveals that the <i>chl</i> phenotype is caused by a point mutation (Asp186Asn) in the <i>TaCHLI-7D</i> gene, which encodes subunit I of magnesium chelatase. Furthermore, the three <i>TaCHLI</i> mutants: <i>chl-7b-1</i> (Pro82Ser)<i>, chl-7b-2</i> (Ala291Thr), and <i>chl-7d-1</i> (Gly357Glu), also showed significant reductions in chlorophyll content and yield-related traits. However, <i>TaCHLI-7D</i> overexpression in rice significantly decreased thousand kernel weight, yield per plant, and germination. Additionally, natural variations in <i>TaCHLI-7A/B</i> are significantly associated with flag leaf, spike exsertion length, and yield per plant. Notably, the favorable haplotype, <i>TaCHLI-7B-HapII</i>, which displayed higher thousand kernel weight and yield per plant, is positively selected in wheat breeding. Our study provides insights on the regulatory molecular mechanisms underpinning leaf color and chlorophyll biosynthesis, and highlights <i>TaCHLI</i> functions, which provide useful molecular markers and genetic resources for wheat breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association study and molecular marker development for susceptibility to Gibberella ear rot in maize","authors":"Guangfei Zhou, Liang Ma, Caihong Zhao, Fugui Xie, Yang Xu, Qing Wang, Derong Hao, Xiquan Gao","doi":"10.1007/s00122-024-04711-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04711-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key messages</h3><p>Sixty-nine quantitative trait nucleotides conferring maize resistance to Gibberella ear rot were detected, including eighteen novel loci. Four candidate genes were predicted, and four kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers were developed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>Maize Gibberella ear rot (GER), caused by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, is one of the most devastating diseases in maize-growing regions worldwide. Enhancing maize cultivar resistance to this disease requires a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of resistance to GER. In this study, 334 maize inbred lines were phenotyped for GER resistance in five environments and genotyped using the Affymetrix CGMB56K SNP Array, and a genome-wide association study of resistance to GER was performed using a 3V multi-locus random-SNP-effect mixed linear model. A total of 69 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) conferring resistance to GER were detected, and all of them explained individually less than 10% of the phenotypic variation, suggesting that resistance to GER is controlled by multiple minor-effect genetic loci. A total of 348 genes located around the 200-kb genomic region of these 69 QTNs were identified, and four of them (<i>Zm00001d029648</i>, <i>Zm00001d031449</i>, <i>Zm00001d006397</i>, and <i>Zm00001d053145</i>) were considered candidate genes conferring susceptibility to GER based on gene expression patterns. Moreover, four kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers were developed based on the non-synonymous variation of these four candidate genes and validated in two genetic populations. This study provides useful genetic resources for improving resistance to GER in maize.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexibility of parental-like or maternal-like gene expression under diverse environments contributes to combined drought avoidance and drought tolerance in a water-saving and drought-resistance rice hybrid","authors":"Lei Wang, Xiaosong Ma, Yi Liu, Guolan Liu, Haibin Wei, Zhi Luo, Hongyan Liu, Ming Yan, Anning Zhang, Xinqiao Yu, Hui Xia, Lijun Luo","doi":"10.1007/s00122-024-04735-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04735-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key Message</h3><p>The hybrid rice variety (Hanyou73) exhibits the maternal-like (HH7A) gene expression in roots and parental-like (HH3) gene expression in leaves to obtain both advantages of drought avoidance and drought tolerance from its two parents.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Rice is one of the most important crops in the world. Rice production consumes lots of water and significantly suffers from the water deficiency and drought stress. The water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) confers good drought resistance and performs well in the water-saving cultivation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Main findings</h3><p>A hybrid WDR variety Hanyou73 (HY73) exhibited superior drought resistance compared with its parents Hanhui3 (HH3) and Huhan7A (HH7A). Studies on drought resistance related traits revealed that HY73 performed like HH3 and HH7A on drought tolerance and drought avoidance, respectively. Transcriptomes were analyzed for samples with various phytohormone treatments and abiotic stresses, in which HY73 was closer to HH3 in leaf samples while HH7A in root samples. HY73 and its parents differed largely in DEGs and GO analysis for DEGs suggested the different pathways of drought response in HH3 and HH7A. Parent-like expression analysis revealed that the higher-parent-like expression pattern was prevailing in HY73. In addition, patterns of the parent-like expression significantly transformed between abiotic-stressed/phytohormone-treated and control samples, which might help HY73 to adapt to different environments. WGCNA analysis for those parent-like expression genes revealed some drought resistant genes that should contribute to the superior drought resistance of HY73. Genetic variation on the promotor sequence was confirmed as the reason for the flexible parent-like gene expression in HY73.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our study uncovered the important roles of complementation of beneficial traits from parents and flexible gene expressions in drought resistance of HY73, which could facilitate the development of new WDR varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early exposure to phosphorus starvation induces genetically determined responses in Sorghum bicolor roots","authors":"Erick O. Mikwa, Benjamin Wittkop, Steffen M. Windpassinger, Sven E. Weber, Dorit Ehrhardt, Rod J. Snowdon","doi":"10.1007/s00122-024-04728-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04728-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key message</h3><p> We identified novel physiological and genetic responses to phosphorus starvation in sorghum diversity lines that augment current knowledge of breeding for climate-smart crops in Europe.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Phosphorus (P) deficiency and finite P reserves for fertilizer production pose a threat to future global crop production. Understanding root system architecture (RSA) plasticity is central to breeding for P-efficient crops. Sorghum is regarded as a P-efficient and climate-smart crop with strong adaptability to different climatic regions of the world. Here we investigated early genetic responses of sorghum RSA to P deficiency in order to identified genotypes with interesting root phenotypes and responses under low P. A diverse set of sorghum lines (<i>n</i> = 285) was genotyped using DarTSeq generating 12,472 quality genome wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Root phenotyping was conducted in a paper-based hydroponic rhizotron system under controlled greenhouse conditions with low and optimal P nutrition, using 16 RSA traits to describe genetic and phenotypic variability at two time points. Genotypic and phenotypic P-response variations were observed for multiple root traits at 21 and 42 days after germination with high broad sense heritability (0.38–0.76). The classification of traits revealed four distinct sorghum RSA types, with genotypes clustering separately under both low and optimal P conditions, suggesting genetic control of root responses to P availability. Association studies identified quantitative trait loci in chromosomes Sb02, Sb03, Sb04, Sb06 and Sb09 linked with genes potentially involved in P transport and stress responses. The genetic dissection of key factors underlying RSA responses to P deficiency could enable early identification of P-efficient sorghum genotypes. Genotypes with interesting RSA traits for low P environments will be incorporated into current sorghum breeding programs for later growth stages and field-based evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redesigning soybean with improved oil and meal traits","authors":"Jeonghwa Kim, Andrew Scaboo, Katy Martin Rainey, Felix B. Fritschi, Kristin Bilyeu","doi":"10.1007/s00122-024-04732-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-024-04732-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key Message</h3><p>Soybean seed oil and meal composition traits can be combined without interference to provide additional value to the crop.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] is an important crop worldwide; its overall value comes from seed oil and high protein meal. The development of soybean varieties with allele combinations for improved oil and meal quality is expected to provide a compositional value bundle for soybean. The high oleic and low linolenic acid seed oil trait (HOLL; &gt; 70% oleic and &lt; 3% linolenic acid) is targeted to optimize the health and functional properties of soybean oil. For soybean meal, metabolizable energy is improved by altering the carbohydrate profile with increased sucrose and decreased anti-nutritional factors, raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs). Previous research identified four variant alleles of fatty acid desaturase (<i>FAD</i>) genes and two raffinose synthase (<i>RS</i>) genes necessary for the HOLL trait in soybean oil and Low or Ultra-Low (UL) RFO traits in soybean meal, respectively. We employed a molecular marker-assisted breeding approach to combine six alleles conferring the desired soybean oil and meal value traits. Eight environment field trials were conducted with twenty-four soybean lines to evaluate phenotypic interactions among the variant alleles of <i>FAD</i> and <i>RS</i> genes. The results indicated that the four <i>FAD</i> gene alleles conditioned the HOLL fatty acid profile of the seed oil regardless of the allele status of the <i>RS</i> genes. Independent of the allele combination of the <i>FAD</i> genes, soybean with two variant alleles of the <i>RS</i> genes had the desired RFO trait in the seeds. The results confirm the feasibility of soybean variety development with this unique combination of oil and meal traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}