The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles最新文献

{"title":"Developing a narrative theory of deception for the analysis of mock-Covert Human Intelligence Source (CHIS) accounts","authors":"Lee Moffett, Gavin E. Oxburgh, Paul Dresser, Fiona Gabbert","doi":"10.1177/0032258x241232880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x241232880","url":null,"abstract":"Human source intelligence (HUMINT) practitioners are concerned with detecting informant deception, and previous research indicates that the verbal content of an informant’s narrative can be used to identify potential deceit. The current study extends previous research by analysing the narrative structure and narrative identity of accounts provided by 22 participants undertaking the role of a mock-informant. Results indicate that deception affects the structure of a mock-informant narrative, with deceptive mock-informants employing abstract introductions and evaluative remarks to withhold information and to distract their listeners with emotional content. Additionally, deceptive mock-informants are more likely to express a low potency narrative role, such as a victim or tragic hero. Furthermore, there is tentative evidence to suggest that an analysis of narrative identity can also provide an indication of varying levels of motivation and cooperation among truthful mock-informants. These findings have implications for HUMINT practitioners in the field and add to the wider body of deception detection research.","PeriodicalId":22939,"journal":{"name":"The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles","volume":"127 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139842127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining correlates of police officers’ attitudes towards seeking mental health support: A scoping review","authors":"Imogen Elizabeth Grumley Traynor, Michelle Rydon-Grange","doi":"10.1177/0032258x241230762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x241230762","url":null,"abstract":"Police officers are often unwilling to seek psychological support when needed. This scoping review explored research into the correlates of police help-seeking attitudes. Searches returned 1754 initial results, with 21 quantitative, peer-reviewed studies retained (published 1995–2022 across six countries; of moderate quality). The most consistent positive associates of police help-seeking attitudes were past help-seeking, perceived service availability, and having a mental health diagnosis. Current PTSD symptoms were the most consistent negative associate. However, of the 102 correlates identified, most were under-researched and/or had inconsistent findings. The operationalisation of terms also varied greatly. High-quality replication of current research is now needed.","PeriodicalId":22939,"journal":{"name":"The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles","volume":"203 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139852683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining correlates of police officers’ attitudes towards seeking mental health support: A scoping review","authors":"Imogen Elizabeth Grumley Traynor, Michelle Rydon-Grange","doi":"10.1177/0032258x241230762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x241230762","url":null,"abstract":"Police officers are often unwilling to seek psychological support when needed. This scoping review explored research into the correlates of police help-seeking attitudes. Searches returned 1754 initial results, with 21 quantitative, peer-reviewed studies retained (published 1995–2022 across six countries; of moderate quality). The most consistent positive associates of police help-seeking attitudes were past help-seeking, perceived service availability, and having a mental health diagnosis. Current PTSD symptoms were the most consistent negative associate. However, of the 102 correlates identified, most were under-researched and/or had inconsistent findings. The operationalisation of terms also varied greatly. High-quality replication of current research is now needed.","PeriodicalId":22939,"journal":{"name":"The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139792581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding how online solution–focused hypnotherapy can support the wellbeing of police personnel and treat symptoms of anxiety and depression","authors":"Emily Barney, Emma Treby, Gary Johannes, Kerry Seymour","doi":"10.1177/0032258x241228493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x241228493","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The mental health and wellbeing of police personnel has received increased attention over the last 5 years and rates of mental illness amongst employees are high. Anxiety and depression are the most common mental illnesses within the police force, yet little is known about how effective psychotherapeutic interventions are in treating the symptoms of these mental illnesses in police personnel, that is, how many police personnel recover from anxiety and depression after completing a course of psychotherapy. In the psychotherapy outcome literature, recovery rates for anxiety and depression in clinical samples following treatment are low, between 37% and 47%, suggesting similar outcomes can be expected within the police force using current therapy models. Further research into new or unused interventions is therefore needed to improve recovery rates within the police force. Method: This pilot study explored how a new type of psychotherapy, online Solution Focused Hypnotherapy (SFH), can support the wellbeing of police personnel and effectively treat symptoms of anxiety and depression. A quantitative design was used to measure changes in anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) symptom severity at pre- and post-intervention and measure changes in wellness using a rating scale (Life Wellness Indicator Tool) at the end of each session. Results: A total of 42 police personnel, both officers and staff, participated in the study and 20 qualified SFH therapists delivered the online intervention. The main finding was that 78% of police personnel who completed a course of SFH and started with clinically significant symptoms of anxiety and/or depression had recovered from their illness following the intervention (i.e. scored below 5 on at least one outcome measure). A total of 97.2% of participants achieved ‘wellness’ after the intervention, compared to 19% at pre-intervention and no participants experienced an increase in symptom scores after completing the intervention. Conclusion: Online Solution Focused Hypnotherapy (SFH) can support the wellbeing of both police officers and staff and effectively treat the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Our findings suggest that SFH is an effective, well liked and safe intervention to use within the police force and provides support for more resources into a larger randomised controlled trial.","PeriodicalId":22939,"journal":{"name":"The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles","volume":"117 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policing the pandemic: Exploring public perceptions of the enforcement of COVID-19 restrictions in the United Kingdom","authors":"L. Boulton, Tia Simanovic, Michelle McManus, Dominique Walker","doi":"10.1177/0032258x241228048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x241228048","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional UK policing relies on Peelian principles of policing by consent in which public views of police legitimacy are crucial. This study used a mixed methods survey design to explore the impact of the Coronavirus Act 2020 on public perceptions towards the police in one UK force region. The findings indicate that self-reported compliance with COVID-19 measures was significantly related to trust in local policing. Qualitative responses indicate that police enforcement of Covid regulations was believed to infringe on individual liberties while losing focus on ‘real crime’ and decreasing trust in police.","PeriodicalId":22939,"journal":{"name":"The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139612193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘It’s why you get up in the morning’. A Straussian grounded theory study of coping in police officers who investigate rape and child abuse","authors":"J. Foley, Alex Hassett, Emma Williams","doi":"10.1177/0032258x241228491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x241228491","url":null,"abstract":"Policing by its very nature has been widely recognised as being inherently stressful with little that can be done to prevent police officers’ exposure to both primary and secondary trauma. Officers involved in the investigation of child abuse and sexual offences have been further recognised as working in some of the most stressful and demanding roles in policing. However, there has been little research within this high-risk group of officers which seeks to understand how they cope with both the organisational and occupational stressors they are exposed to, as well as which strategies help them to ‘ get up in the morning’. Data were collected through twenty-three (23) semi-structured interviews, with Straussian Grounded Theory used as a framework to develop a model of coping. This study highlighted that although some officers were affected by the traumatic nature of their work, there were other risk factors present which appear to have impacted on them more significantly including ‘burnout’, ’compassion fatigue’ and ‘moral injury’. Protective factors were identified as ‘being in control’, ‘organisational, social and peer support’ as well as ‘having a purpose’ all of which impacted on an officer’s ability to cope with the work they do. The present findings extend our knowledge of key concepts relating to police officer coping which may help officers working in these high-risk roles to cope with challenges they face daily. Recommendations for further research on how to support this group of officers, as well as implications for practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":22939,"journal":{"name":"The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles","volume":"79 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139612897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the physical fitness standard, recruitment, and retention of Canadian Emergency Response Teams","authors":"Zachary Towns, Rosemary Ricciardelli, K. Cyr","doi":"10.1177/0032258x241228180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x241228180","url":null,"abstract":"Canadian police services rely on their Emergency Response Teams (ERT) to respond to diverse calls for service, requiring ERT members to meet physical fitness standards aligned with the physically demanding components of ERT responsibilities. In the current article, we explore the different physical testing components of Canadian tactical teams to better understand the physical testing standards for ERT. We do this by investigating how members of the Association of Canadian Critical Incident Commanders respond to closed and open-ended survey items related to fitness testing for ERT members, consequences of not passing ERT physical testing standards, and how fitness standards are perceived as creating barriers to member retention and recruitment to ERT. We center our discussion on the need for a physically capable police service to ensure security, reduce risk, and enhance public safety and suggest potential avenues for policy changes tied to physical testing standards as ways forward.","PeriodicalId":22939,"journal":{"name":"The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles","volume":"66 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating methods of sharing data between police, health, education, and social services: Semi-structured interviews with police service areas in Wales","authors":"H. Jones, A. Bandyopadhyay, N. Kennedy, S. Brophy, J. Evans, M. Bellis, B. Rowe, C. McNerney, S. Moore","doi":"10.1177/0032258x231220864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x231220864","url":null,"abstract":"The Crime and Disorder Act (1998) requires the police, local authorities, NHS, and other organisations to share intelligence and collectively work to reduce violent crime. This paper aimed to explore opinions on linking police data with other agency data. Interviews were undertaken with individuals from police forces in Wales, UK. Barriers to sharing data with other organisations involve differences in the systems used to store police data and uncertainties around what is allowed to be shared. Overcoming barriers would allow data linkage across organisations leading to deeper insights into the causes of violence, and therefore intelligence that supports crime prevention. The Crime and Disorder Act of 1998 requires the police, local authorities, the NHS, and other organisations to work together on collective approaches to reduce crime and to analyse shared data to inform resource allocation decisions. Data sharing has been conducted on a per-project basis, but it is rare for whole population data to be linked across organisations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of linking national data from the police with national data from other agencies including health data from General Practitioners, hospitals, and Emergency Departments (EDs). In addition, this study explored the views and opinions from police service areas in Wales on using a single software system to cover all police service areas for public protection purposes and to facilitate sharing data with other agencies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 36 individuals from the 4 police services in Wales along with representatives from the Violence Prevention Unit (VPU) and the Police Liaison Unit (PLU). The interviews were analysed using codebook thematic analysis to generate key themes from qualitative responses. Two key themes and seven sub-themes were developed from the qualitative data. The key themes include the following: (1) Opinions on the systems used in the police for public protection including thoughts on the current system and moving to using one system. (2) Opinions on data sharing including what data should be shared, benefits of data sharing, barriers to data sharing (within the police and across organisations), and overcoming barriers to data sharing. Interviewees identified that a proprietary relational database, Niche, was the most used system for public protection, was highly regarded, and individuals felt that if all forces moved to the same system this would be a positive development. However, work needs to be undertaken to ensure there is a minimum dataset entered in each area as there is high variability in data quality. Barriers included not knowing what was possible to share and fear of sharing. An unambiguous framework endorsed at a high level of what data should and shouldn’t be shared was recommended to overcome this. The main barriers to shared police data included a lack of clarity around data governance and what is appropria","PeriodicalId":22939,"journal":{"name":"The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review: Police administration working process and living condition of UP police","authors":"Rebant Juyal","doi":"10.1177/0032258x231221452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x231221452","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22939,"journal":{"name":"The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles","volume":"4 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A machine learning approach to police recruitment: Exploring the predictive value of social identity measurement instruments","authors":"Ian Gibson, Gareth Stubbs","doi":"10.1177/0032258x231221429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258x231221429","url":null,"abstract":"Existing research on police recruitment is eclectic, with examples of multiple methodologies in multiple police-related settings. These methods often resemble psychological measurement of individual traits yet neglect the potential recruits’ social resources or network-based influence. More recent research has utilised social identity and social network theory to understand the route to a police candidate’s eventual recruitment, but this is underdeveloped. This literature indicates that further research utilising social identity theory could assist with understanding what was before for police recruits and whether that matters. This study explores the use of random forest machine learning to analyse one partial and two full self-report social identity measurement instruments completed by 886 police recruit applicants. It aimed to explore whether the results of these instruments completed by potential police recruits were predictive of their success in the recruitment process. The results reveal that the combined use of these validated social identity instruments offers a reliable predictive base for successful and unsuccessful applicants, with an overall accuracy rate of 86% across the model’s performance metrics. The implications from this study highlight the significance of perceived social identity in the context of police recruitment, emphasising the potential impact of using its measurement to gain improved understanding of candidate selection. Social identity measurement instruments could be incorporated into recruitment processes, allowing police departments to enhance their ability to identify individuals who are more likely to succeed at an earlier stage via machine learning. Practically, this could reduce the need for multiple, expensive recruitment stages. Theoretically, it illustrates that a police recruit’s social identity is of importance to whether a candidate is successful or not, presenting police forces with both challenges and opportunities.","PeriodicalId":22939,"journal":{"name":"The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138589828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}