Investigating methods of sharing data between police, health, education, and social services: Semi-structured interviews with police service areas in Wales

H. Jones, A. Bandyopadhyay, N. Kennedy, S. Brophy, J. Evans, M. Bellis, B. Rowe, C. McNerney, S. Moore
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Abstract

The Crime and Disorder Act (1998) requires the police, local authorities, NHS, and other organisations to share intelligence and collectively work to reduce violent crime. This paper aimed to explore opinions on linking police data with other agency data. Interviews were undertaken with individuals from police forces in Wales, UK. Barriers to sharing data with other organisations involve differences in the systems used to store police data and uncertainties around what is allowed to be shared. Overcoming barriers would allow data linkage across organisations leading to deeper insights into the causes of violence, and therefore intelligence that supports crime prevention. The Crime and Disorder Act of 1998 requires the police, local authorities, the NHS, and other organisations to work together on collective approaches to reduce crime and to analyse shared data to inform resource allocation decisions. Data sharing has been conducted on a per-project basis, but it is rare for whole population data to be linked across organisations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of linking national data from the police with national data from other agencies including health data from General Practitioners, hospitals, and Emergency Departments (EDs). In addition, this study explored the views and opinions from police service areas in Wales on using a single software system to cover all police service areas for public protection purposes and to facilitate sharing data with other agencies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 36 individuals from the 4 police services in Wales along with representatives from the Violence Prevention Unit (VPU) and the Police Liaison Unit (PLU). The interviews were analysed using codebook thematic analysis to generate key themes from qualitative responses. Two key themes and seven sub-themes were developed from the qualitative data. The key themes include the following: (1) Opinions on the systems used in the police for public protection including thoughts on the current system and moving to using one system. (2) Opinions on data sharing including what data should be shared, benefits of data sharing, barriers to data sharing (within the police and across organisations), and overcoming barriers to data sharing. Interviewees identified that a proprietary relational database, Niche, was the most used system for public protection, was highly regarded, and individuals felt that if all forces moved to the same system this would be a positive development. However, work needs to be undertaken to ensure there is a minimum dataset entered in each area as there is high variability in data quality. Barriers included not knowing what was possible to share and fear of sharing. An unambiguous framework endorsed at a high level of what data should and shouldn’t be shared was recommended to overcome this. The main barriers to shared police data included a lack of clarity around data governance and what is appropriate to share. It was felt that sharing should be the default position and with support these barriers could be removed. Data sharing between agencies would require high-level support and unambiguous guidelines as to what data can be shared, with whom, and in what format.
调查警察、卫生、教育和社会服务部门之间共享数据的方法:对威尔士警务服务区的半结构式访谈
犯罪与骚乱法案》(1998 年)要求警方、地方当局、国家医疗服务体系和其他组织共享情报,共同致力于减少暴力犯罪。本文旨在探讨将警方数据与其他机构数据联系起来的意见。我们对英国威尔士警察部队的人员进行了访谈。与其他机构共享数据的障碍包括用于存储警方数据的系统存在差异,以及允许共享的内容存在不确定性。克服这些障碍可以实现跨组织的数据链接,从而更深入地了解暴力的原因,进而提供支持预防犯罪的情报。1998 年的《犯罪与扰乱法案》要求警方、地方当局、国家医疗服务系统和其他组织共同采取集体措施减少犯罪,并分析共享数据,为资源分配决策提供信息。数据共享是按项目进行的,但将整个人口的数据在各组织间进行链接的情况并不多见。本研究旨在调查将警方提供的全国数据与其他机构提供的全国数据(包括全科医生、医院和急诊科提供的健康数据)联系起来的可行性。此外,本研究还探讨了威尔士警务服务区对使用单一软件系统覆盖所有警务服务区以达到公共保护目的并促进与其他机构共享数据的看法和意见。研究人员与来自威尔士 4 个警署的 36 名个人以及暴力预防股 (VPU) 和警察联络股 (PLU) 的代表进行了半结构式访谈。访谈分析采用代码主题分析法,从定性回答中生成关键主题。从定性数据中得出了两个关键主题和七个次主题。关键主题包括以下内容:(1) 对警方用于保护公众的系统的看法,包括对当前系统和转向使用一个系统的看法。(2) 对数据共享的看法,包括应共享哪些数据、数据共享的好处、数据共享的障碍(警方内部和跨组织)以及克服数据共享的障碍。受访者指出,专有关系数据库 Niche 是公众保护方面使用最多的系统,受到高度评价,个人认为如果所有部队都转用同一系统,这将是一个积极的发展。然而,由于数据质量差异很大,因此需要开展工作,确保每个地区都有一个最低限度的数据集。障碍包括不知道哪些数据可以共享以及害怕共享。为克服这一障碍,建议制定一个明确的框架,在较高的层次上认可哪些数据应该共享,哪些数据不应该共享。共享警方数据的主要障碍包括数据管理不明确,以及哪些数据适合共享。与会者认为,共享应该是默认的立场,在支持下可以消除这些障碍。机构间的数据共享需要高层的支持和明确的指导方针,说明哪些数据可以共享、与谁共享、以何种格式共享。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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