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Arterial stiffness in health and disease 健康和疾病中的动脉僵硬
Nigerian Journal of Cardiology Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/NJC.NJC_3_17
N. Hanboly
{"title":"Arterial stiffness in health and disease","authors":"N. Hanboly","doi":"10.4103/NJC.NJC_3_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJC.NJC_3_17","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of cardiovascular (CV) diseases is increasing worldwide raising the urgency for early detection of the underlying pathological processes. Early identification of risk factors is important to avoid hospitalization and to reduce CV morbidity and mortality rates. Cardiovascular risk can be assessed by history taking (age, gender, smoking habits), clinical examination (body mass index, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure (BP), temperature and pulse oximetry), laboratory analysis (cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, potassium, sodium) and with novel techniques like pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index. Pulse wave velocity is an emerging technique used for CV risk stratification, assessment of arterial stiffness and follow the efficiency of the therapeutic intervention. Pulse wave velocity proved to have independent predictive value when evaluated in conjunction with standard risk factors for CV diseases. However, the field of arterial stiffness research, which evolutes over the past 20 years, lacks guidance for research investigators. This review summarizes the mechanisms of arterial stiffness, various methodologies to assess arterial stiffness and the latest scientific statements regarding its clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116413727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A study of risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in patients below 35 years in eastern India 印度东部35岁以下患者急性心肌梗死危险因素研究
Nigerian Journal of Cardiology Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/NJC.NJC_10_17
M. Bhandari, Vikas Singh, Deepesh Venkatraman
{"title":"A study of risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in patients below 35 years in eastern India","authors":"M. Bhandari, Vikas Singh, Deepesh Venkatraman","doi":"10.4103/NJC.NJC_10_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJC.NJC_10_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is most common cause of mortality. Its incidence in young Indians is about 12%–16%. Myocardial infarction (MI) in young can be divided into two groups, those with angiographically normal coronaries and those with CAD. 15%–20% of those with CAD have no identifiable risk factors and therefore miss the opportunity for primary prevention. Recent reports have suggested that increased lipoprotein a (Lp[a]) and hyperhomocysteinemia play an important role in MI. The true prevalence of CAD in young is grossly underestimated. Aims: (1) Study of risk factors for MI in patients <35 years. (2) Clinical presentation. (3) Disease pattern in coronary angiography. (4) To assess the relationship of emerging risk factors such as homocysteine and Lp(a) with MI. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients aged 35 years or younger diagnosed with acute MI were included. Results: The majority of patients were males (80%). The mean age was 33.3 in males and 31.8 years in females. Chest pain was the most common presenting complaint (94%). Smoking was the most prevalent risk factor (72%). Hyperhomocysteinemia (42%) and raised Lp(a) (24%) were emerging risk factors. Anterior wall MI was most prevalent (64%) and most patients had single vessel disease with left descending coronary being the most commonly involved artery. Conclusions: Homocysteine and Lp(a) should be measured in young MI patients. Smoking cessation and prevention of diabetes and hypertension should be encouraged. As young patients have more discrete lesion, timely revascularization will reduce myocardial damage.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115156612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Uhl's anomaly of the right ventricle in a 1-year-old child requiring a transplant: A brief report 需要移植的1岁儿童右心室Uhl异常:简要报告
Nigerian Journal of Cardiology Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/NJC.NJC_31_16
J. Chinawa, S. Garekar, Bhadra Y. Trivedi
{"title":"Uhl's anomaly of the right ventricle in a 1-year-old child requiring a transplant: A brief report","authors":"J. Chinawa, S. Garekar, Bhadra Y. Trivedi","doi":"10.4103/NJC.NJC_31_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJC.NJC_31_16","url":null,"abstract":"Uhl's anomaly of the right ventricle is a rare anomaly. At present, only about 84 cases have been reported in over a century. We report a case of a 1-year-old male child who presented to our outpatient pediatric cardiology clinic with a history of recurrent cough and difficulty in breathing and failure to gain weight in the preceding 2 months. Chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly, whereas electrocardiogram showed a normal sinus rhythm with poor right ventricular (RV) forces. Echocardiography showed severely dilated right ventricle with thinned out right ventricle wall and poor RV function with severe tricuspid regurgitation. He has been placed on aspirin, lasilactone, and clexane. However, there was no satisfactory surgical option available, and heart transplant was recommended. Uhl's anomaly of the right ventricle is a very rare anomaly which defies all surgical option except transplant. Early recognition institution of drugs that improves cardiac function may improve the quality of life of the child.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134448868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Haissaguerre syndrome: The gray area still exists Haissaguerre综合症:灰色地带仍然存在
Nigerian Journal of Cardiology Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/NJC.NJC_5_17
N. Hanboly
{"title":"Haissaguerre syndrome: The gray area still exists","authors":"N. Hanboly","doi":"10.4103/NJC.NJC_5_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJC.NJC_5_17","url":null,"abstract":"The term early repolarization (ER) is defined electrocardiographically by either a sharp well-defined positive deflection or notch immediately following a positive QRS complex at the onset of the ST-segment, or slurring at the terminal part of the QRS complex. This pattern is frequently observed in the general population. For decades, ER was regarded as a benign electrocardiographic variant. However, in 2008, Haïssaguerre et al described a strong relationship between J-waves and many different forms of ventricular arrhythmias in the absence of known heart disease. It seems likely that ER results from a net increase in outward current caused by a loss of inward-channel function or a gain in outward-channel function. It remains unclear whether these mutations are more functionally important in the epicardium, or whether they simply exaggerate the magnitude of preexisting epicardial-endocardial differences by increasing overall net outward current flow. This review will discuss the underlying mechanisms, genetic basis, risk stratification and management.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125488660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Coronary artery aneurism in Kawasaki disease: Case series and literature review 川崎病并发冠状动脉动脉瘤:病例系列和文献复习
Nigerian Journal of Cardiology Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/NJC.NJC_32_16
J. Chinawa, S. Garekar, Bhadra Y. Trivedi
{"title":"Coronary artery aneurism in Kawasaki disease: Case series and literature review","authors":"J. Chinawa, S. Garekar, Bhadra Y. Trivedi","doi":"10.4103/NJC.NJC_32_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJC.NJC_32_16","url":null,"abstract":"Kawasaki disease (KD) is associated with coronary artery lesion, especially in the form of aneurysm and ectasia. The first case is 1-year, 9-month-old female; the second is a 13-month-old male, the third is a 14-month-old female, and the fourth is a 5-year, 6-month-old male who all satisfied the criteria of KD. Echocardiography done for all the series showed dilatation of the left anterior descending coronary artery measuring 2.15 mm with Z score of 2.53 and focal dilatation of left main coronary artery with maximum diameter of 2.9 mm with Z score of 2.44 for the first case, prominent left coronary artery measuring 2.19 mm with Z score of 1.28 with borderline dilatation of the circumflex coronary artery measuring 2 mm with a Z score of 2.13 for the second case, and left coronary dilatation measuring 3.5 mm with Z score of 3.61 and borderline left coronary artery dilatation measuring 3.5 mm with a Z score of 2.24, respectively, for the last two cases. We documented four cases of KD as much as we know, and all the four cases presented with coronary artery aneurism with a good response to chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121375144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Left atrial myxoma revealed by anemia in young woman 年轻女性贫血引起左心房黏液瘤
Nigerian Journal of Cardiology Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/NJC.NJC_21_17
Bertrand Mbolla, P. Grieu, Vladimir Saplacan, Dara Sen
{"title":"Left atrial myxoma revealed by anemia in young woman","authors":"Bertrand Mbolla, P. Grieu, Vladimir Saplacan, Dara Sen","doi":"10.4103/NJC.NJC_21_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NJC.NJC_21_17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115240913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Percutaneous intervention for Optitorque tiger catheter-induced dissection of the right coronary artery and aortic root 经皮介入治疗Optitorque虎式导管诱导的右冠状动脉及主动脉根夹层
Nigerian Journal of Cardiology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/0189-7969.201905
Sheshagiri Rao Damera, R. Barik, A. Sivaprasad
{"title":"Percutaneous intervention for Optitorque tiger catheter-induced dissection of the right coronary artery and aortic root","authors":"Sheshagiri Rao Damera, R. Barik, A. Sivaprasad","doi":"10.4103/0189-7969.201905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-7969.201905","url":null,"abstract":"A 59-year-old female developed iatrogenic Type F spiral dissection of the right coronary artery (RCA) with retrograde extension as Type III aortic dissection (AD) during diagnostic coronary angiogram using 5 Fr Optitorque Tiger catheter. The spiral dissection of RCA was treated with angioplasty. AD was followed up with conservative management. The prompt identification of the starting point, the true lumen, and exit point of the dissection is the keys to the successful percutaneous revascularization. Visual eyeballing into multiple angiographic views is of immense help in the situation where optical coherence tomography and intravenous ultrasound are not available.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128231514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Transcatheter closure of Type I ruptured right sinus of Valsalva aneurysm I型Valsalva动脉瘤右窦破裂的经导管闭合
Nigerian Journal of Cardiology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/0189-7969.201910
Sheshagiri Rao Damara, R. Barik, S. Akula
{"title":"Transcatheter closure of Type I ruptured right sinus of Valsalva aneurysm","authors":"Sheshagiri Rao Damara, R. Barik, S. Akula","doi":"10.4103/0189-7969.201910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-7969.201910","url":null,"abstract":"Transcatheter closure (TCC) of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSOVA) is as an alternative strategy to surgery. Its location, size, and relation to neighboring structures decide treatment plan. We present a 17-year-old young man who presented with the New York Heart Association II shortness of breath for last 2 months. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed RSOVA of right coronary sinus into right ventricular outflow tract, Seller's II aortic valve regurgitation, and small subaortic ventricular septal defect. The echo estimated size of the defect was 9 mm on the aortic side. Echo was complemented by computed tomography. The defect was crossed retrogradely and was plugged antegradely using an Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO). At 1 year follow-up, ADO was across RSOVA without any residual shunt. TCC of RSOVA is feasible and effective with the support of multiple imaging methods.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121972481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Echocardiographic study of left ventricular structure and function in Nigerian patients with chronic liver disease 尼日利亚慢性肝病患者左心室结构和功能的超声心动图研究
Nigerian Journal of Cardiology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/0189-7969.201907
A. Adebiyi, O. Ogah, A. Akere, J. Otegbayo
{"title":"Echocardiographic study of left ventricular structure and function in Nigerian patients with chronic liver disease","authors":"A. Adebiyi, O. Ogah, A. Akere, J. Otegbayo","doi":"10.4103/0189-7969.201907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-7969.201907","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The concept of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy includes impaired cardiac contractility, decreased beta-adrenergic receptor function, abnormal beta-adrenergic postreceptor function, defective excitation-contraction coupling, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. This study was aimed to assess the cardiac structure and function in adult Nigerians with chronic liver disease (CLD). Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of consecutive patients with CLD without any known cardiac disease attending the Liver Clinic of the Medical Out-patient Department of the University College Hospital. Apparently, normal individuals with comparable age and sex distribution were recruited as controls. The subjects and controls underwent two-dimensional, M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic studies to determine the cardiac structure in relation to both systolic and diastolic cardiac functions. Results: A total of 46 subjects and 50 normal controls were recruited. There was no difference in the blood pressure parameters of the two groups. The septal wall thickness was statistically higher in control, but this difference was lost when adjusted for body mass index. On the other hand, the adjusted left atrial diameter and aortic root dimension were statistically larger in the subjects than the controls. There was no difference in the left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening or ejection fraction, relative wall thickness, and deceleration time of the E-wave. Conclusions: We demonstrated an increase in cardiac index at rest in the subjects, but there was no significant difference in the LV diastolic or systolic dysfunction using traditional methods. Studies using newer modalities of the assessment of cardiac structure and function are needed in our environment.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117260180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Heart failure: Definition, classification, and pathophysiology – A mini-review 心力衰竭:定义、分类和病理生理学-一个小型综述
Nigerian Journal of Cardiology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/0189-7969.201913
S. Adebayo, T. Olunuga, A. Durodola, O. Ogah
{"title":"Heart failure: Definition, classification, and pathophysiology – A mini-review","authors":"S. Adebayo, T. Olunuga, A. Durodola, O. Ogah","doi":"10.4103/0189-7969.201913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-7969.201913","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by dyspnea, fatigue, and clinical signs of congestion leading to frequent hospitalizations, poor quality of life, and shortened life expectancy. It is a final common pathway to various cardiac conditions. It is a growing problem worldwide with serious consequences in Sub-Saharan Africa where it occurs at a younger age with limited resources to manage the condition. The incidence and prevalence vary worldwide. In this mini-review, we looked at the definition, classification, and pathophysiology of the condition.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117253876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
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