Nigerian Journal of Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"An eventful second natural history of a congenital bicuspid aortic valve followed up for 40 years","authors":"R. Barik, R. Mishra, Lalita Nemani","doi":"10.4103/0189-7969.187713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-7969.187713","url":null,"abstract":"The second natural history of a congenital bicuspid aortic valve with the early symptomatic presentation is eventful. The spectrum takes it start from intrauterine life. The cumulative history may include valvotomy by balloon or surgery, valve replace replacement, stuck valve, thromboembolic complications, thrombolysis, anticoagulation-related bleeding diathesis, redo of replacement, and transcathetor aortic valve implantation. In addition, a retained foreign body granuloma in such cases further lengthens the story. We report a 48-year-old male with congenitally single kidney who underwent redo aortic valve replacement (AVR) and resection textiloma after 15 years of AVR. The eventful second natural history included surgical valvotomy in pre-balloon valvotomy era, AVR, thrombolysis for stuck valve for six times, thromboembolic episode, redo AVR, and excision of paracardiac textiloma.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"11 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132226938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of electrocardiogram as a biological signal for sex verification among fresh undergraduates in a Nigerian tertiary institution","authors":"M. A. Asafa, O. Ogunlade, Owen E Osasogie, A. Ayoka","doi":"10.4103/0189-7969.187707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-7969.187707","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sex verification using electrocardiogram (ECG) is a new application of the biological signal. Objective: This study aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of an electrocardiographic score in sex verification. Methods: A total of 2442 apparently healthy fresh undergraduates who presented for health screening in a tertiary institution were recruited for the study. The technical team documented the sex of the participants and had their resting 12-lead ECG recorded according to standard protocol. Two physicians who were blinded to the participants and the recorded sex utilized Ogunlade Sex Determination Electrocardiographic Score (OSDES) to determine the sex. The validity of OSDES was estimated using sex recorded by the technical team as the standard while the accuracy of scoring system was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: The mean (± standard deviation) of age of the participants was 20.71 ± 3.62 years. Among the male population, true positives (TPs), false positives (FPs), false negatives (FNs), and true negatives (TN) were 1131, 49, 90, and 1172, respectively. Among the females TP, FP, FN, and TN were 1172, 90, 49, and 1131, respectively. Among males, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 92.63% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.02-94.03%), 95.99% (95% CI: 94.73-97.02%), 95.85% (95% CI: 94.55-96.91%), and 92.87% (CI: 91.31-94.23%) respectively while among the females, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 95.99% (95% CI: 94.73-97.02%), 92.63% (95% CI: 91.02-94.03%), 92.87% (95% CI: 91.31-94.23%), and 95.85% (95% CI: 91.02-94.03%) respectively. The area under curve was 0.943. Conclusion: This study concluded that ECG has a reasonable level of sensitivity and specificity with excellent accuracy in verification of sex among fresh Nigerian undergraduates.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133914735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and pattern of secondhand smoking in Abia State, Nigeria","authors":"U. Onyeonoro, A. Ukegbu, I. Chukwuonye, O. Madukwe, M. Akhimien, O. Ogah","doi":"10.4103/0189-7969.187710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-7969.187710","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several studies have reported the burden of smoking and associated risk factors. However, only a few studies have explored the prevalence, pattern of exposure, and risk factors associated with exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in Sub-Saharan Africa and particularly Nigeria. Objective: This study was, therefore, aimed at ascertaining the prevalence and risk factors of exposure to SHS in Abia State, Nigeria. Methods: Data of 2787 respondents selected using multi-staged cluster sampling technique were analyzed. Prevalence of exposure to SHS at home and public places was calculated for each sociodemographic and economic group. Results: Exposure to tobacco smoke was more common in respondents who were young, males, unmarried or used alcohol. Females were less frequently and intensely exposed to SHS both at home and public places than males. Predictors of SHS at home were gender, odds ratio (OR) =1.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.83) and use of alcohol OR = 2.06 (95% CI 1.04-4.09); and in public places were age OR = 1.55 (95% CI 1.10-2.20), gender OR = 2.73 (95% CI 1.96-3.81), and use of alcohol OR = 2.55 (95% CI 1.51-4.28). Conclusions: The findings of study provide basis for designing tobacco control interventions to address exposure to SHS at home and public places.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115742528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hide and seek of double right coronary artery","authors":"R. Barik, Sheshagiri Rao Damara","doi":"10.4103/0189-7969.187746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-7969.187746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120938434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of elevated blood pressure among primary school children in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"Umar Also, M. Asani, M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.4103/0189-7969.165167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-7969.165167","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The high prevalence of hypertension in developing countries has stimulated a lot of research, one of which is tracking of childhood blood pressure (BP). To the authors' knowledge, the point prevalence of elevated BP among primary school children in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria has not been documented. Objective: To determine the BP levels and the point prevalence of elevated BP among primary school children in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A multistage sampling technique was used to select 2000 pupils from 66 primary schools in Kano aged 6–14 years. Data were collected using a standardized pretested questionnaires completed by the parents/guardians. BP was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer. Average of three readings was recorded for each pupil as his/her BP. Weight and height were also recorded using standard techniques. Elevated BP was defined using the criteria by the 4th task force, according to age, gender, and height. Results: A total of 2000 pupils were studied with 1058 females and 942 boys with a ratio of 1.1:1. The mean systolic blood pressures (SBP) among males and females were 93.17 ± 8.70 and 94.28 ± 9.06 mm Hg while the mean diastolic blood pressures (DBP) were 59.1 ± 6.9 and 60.3 ± 6.9 mm Hg, respectively. Overall, there was a significant positive correlation between SBP (r = 0.44) and DBP (r = 0.38) with body mass index (BMI). Using criteria by the 4th report, 3% of pupils had elevated BP in this study. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between SBP/DBP and BMI, the overall prevalence rate of elevated BP among the study population was 3%.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124260248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of left ventricular geometry in Nigerians with prehypertension","authors":"Saidu Hadiza, K. Musa, Okeahialam Basil","doi":"10.4103/0189-7969.173849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-7969.173849","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The previous studies in Western countries have suggested that subjects with prehypertension have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease and mortality, increased left ventricular mass (LVM), and abnormal LV geometry, than those with normal blood pressure (BP). The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of LV geometry in Nigerian prehypertensives and compared with those of hypertensives and normotensives. Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Clinical evaluation and full echocardiographic examination were performed among selected patients with normal BP (group 1), prehypertension (group 2), and hypertension (group 3). Results: A total of 300 subjects were studied, 100 in each group. The mean age of subjects in group 1 was 27.86 ± 8.60 years, and 60% were female, while that of group 2 was 34.04 ± 6.25 years, and 53% were female, and that for group 3 was 52.62 ± 11.8 years, and 56% were female. About 86% of group 1 had normal geometry (NG) while 12% had concentric LV remodeling concentric remodeling (CR) and 2% had eccentric hypertrophy (EH). Among subjects in group 2, NG was found in 72%, CR in 14%, EH in 12% and concentric hypertrophy (CH), in 2%. In group 3, NG was found in only 21% while 13% of them had CR, 28% CH, and 38% had EH. There was a progressive increase in LVM index from normal BP (30.13 ± 8.53 g/Ht2.7) to prehypertension (33.26 ± 8.95 g/Ht2.7) and to hypertension (48.41 ± 12.4 g/Ht2.7) (P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study has shown a higher prevalence of abnormal LV geometric patterns and higher LVM among subjects with prehypertension compared with normotensives. Such findings could carry prognostic implication and require further population survey involving a larger group.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115475049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among residents of Ibadan-North Local Government Area of Nigeria","authors":"I. Ajayi, I. Sowemimo, O. Akpa, N. Ossai","doi":"10.4103/0189-7969.165168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-7969.165168","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension is a major public health challenge worldwide. It is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among the residents of Yemetu community in Ibadan-North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. The study involved 806 respondents aged from 18-90 years from 171 households, selected by cluster sampling technique. It was a house-to-house survey. Behavioural risk factors were measured using World Health Organisation (WHO) STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS 1 & 2). Hypertension was defined as Systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 and/or Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90mm Hg or currently on anti-hypertensive medication. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and binary logistic regression tests at P<0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 33.1% (male 36.8% and female 31.1%). The proportion of self reported hypertension was 11.1%, while 5.1% were currently on anti-hypertensive medication. The mean age of the respondents was 38.8 ±15.6 years. The body mass index of the respondents was 5.2%, 52.0%, 29.5% and 13.3% for underweight, normal, overweight and obese, respectively. Alcohol and tobacco use were found in 11.5% and 3.2%, respectively. The result of binary logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension was significantly associated with being in age groups 30-49 years (OR 2.258, 95% CI: 1.311 - 3.884), ≥50 years (OR 7.145, 95% CI: 3.644 - 14.011), being overweight or obese (OR 2.281, 95% CI: 1.022 – 5.088). Hypertension was inversely associated with being underweight (OR 0.537, 95% CI: 0.395 – 0.832). Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of hypertension. These data underscores the need for urgent steps to create awareness and implement interventions for prevention and early detection of hypertension, especially among those aged ≥30 years and the overweight or obese.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124459024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balloon aortoplasty for management of arterial hypertension in Takayasu arteritis: Case report and review","authors":"B. Majumder, Viral Tandel, R. Das, Deepesh Venkatraman","doi":"10.4103/0189-7969.173853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-7969.173853","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical course of Takayasu arteritis varies from nonspecific constitutional symptoms such as fever, malaise, rashes, loss of appetite, dizziness, and so on during the acute phase to those resulting from arterial stenosis and ischemia in chronic phase. We report a case of a young female presenting with resistant hypertension and lower limb claudication. The diagnosis was confirmed by multiple detector computed tomography-renal angiogram, which showed narrowing of abdominal aorta just above celiac trunk along with wall thickening. The lady was treated with balloon aortoplasty following which the claudication symptoms were subsided and blood pressure was normalized.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117288830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial experience with 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in Nigerian patients with hypertension","authors":"G. Isiguzo, Dainia S. Baugh, Geoffery Chibuzor Nwuruku, K. Mezue, C. Madu, E. Madu","doi":"10.4103/0189-7969.173851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-7969.173851","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is superior to office blood pressure (OBP) in predicting hypertension control/outcome. Despite the growing burden of hypertension in Africa, ABPM use remains rudimentary. Aims: To report our initial ABPM experience in Nigeria. Setting and Design: Ongoing prospective descriptive study, involving consecutive recruitment of consenting patients' ≥18 years, presenting at DOCS Heart Centre Enugu Nigeria. Methods: The study involved 78 hypertensive patients attending the clinic from May, 2013. OBP was taken in sitting position, using oscillometric BP device. Each patient was then monitored over 24 h with a Tonoport V (GE CS V6 71[21]), interpreted using GE CardiosoftTM ABPM software in accordance with British Medical Council guidelines. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using EPI Info (version 3.3.5). Continuous variables were expressed as means ± standard deviation. Differences between group means were tested using two-tailed Student's t-test. Proportions were reported as percentages and compared between groups with Chi-square. Results: The study involved 78 adult hypertensive patients; mean age of the patients was 53 ± 13 years and body mass index 30.0 kg/m2, 53.8% were males. Control on OBP was 17.9%, on ABPM 24.4%. The mean 24-h BP was 144 ± 16/88 ± 10 mmHg; daytime BP, 146/90 ± 17/11 mmHg; night-time BP, 139/81 ± 17/9 mmHg; and waking BP 149/88 ± 20/14 mmHg. Borderline hypertension was seen in 4.5%, sustained hypertension in 36.4%, white coat hypertension in 13.6%, and nocturnal hypertension in 22.7%. The majority of patients had abnormal dipping pattern, with enormous BP load, 89.2% having a high load. Conclusion: BP control was better represented by ABPM more than OBP in the patients; showing that to optimize management, greater use of ABPM is a more pragmatic approach to mitigate the adverse outcomes among hypertensive patients.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128716531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum of cardiovascular diseases diagnosed using transthoracic echocardiography: Perspectives from a tertiary hospital in North-Eastern Nigeria","authors":"M. Talle, C. O. Anjorin, F. Buba, B. Bakki","doi":"10.4103/0189-7969.165163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0189-7969.165163","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The advent of echocardiography has tremendously improved the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. We present a review of cardiovascular disorders diagnosed using transthoracic echocardiography over 3 years. Materials and Methods: Echocardiographic data of patients from January 2011 to December 2013 were retrieved. All subjects had standard transthoracic echocardiography including Doppler modalities where appropriate. Descriptive statistics was used in assessing the occurrence of the different cardiac disorders. Results: One thousand three hundred and two echocardiograms were considered, out of which 1224 (94%) comprising 591 (48.3%) males and 633 (51.7%) females were analyzed. Ages ranged from 4 days to 105 years with a mode of 60 years and a mean of 39.62 ± 20.58 years. The most common indications were hypertensive heart disease (HHD) (28.2%) and congestive cardiac failure (23.4%). HHD was the most common diagnosis (25.1%) followed by cardiomyopathies (23.9%). Idiopathic dilated (29.3%) and peripartum cardiomyopathy (23.1%) were the most common cardiomyopathies. Valvular heart diseases (VHD) were diagnosed in 14.9%, with rheumatic (60.4%), and degenerative (36.4%) being dominant. Congenital heart disease was diagnosed in 7.2%, with 70.5% of the cases in those ≤14 years. Ischemic heart disease was diagnosed in 6.6%. Pericardial diseases were found in 3.2%, while cor pulmonale was documented in 0.8%. Atrial myxoma dissection of the ascending aorta, athlete's heart, and amniotic fluid embolism were each observed in <1%. A normal echocardiogram was reported in 13.3%. Conclusion: The most common echocardiographic diagnoses in our center are HHD, cardiomyopathies, and VHD. Congenital and ischemic heart diseases are also prevalent.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129081308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}