Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among residents of Ibadan-North Local Government Area of Nigeria

I. Ajayi, I. Sowemimo, O. Akpa, N. Ossai
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引用次数: 71

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major public health challenge worldwide. It is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among the residents of Yemetu community in Ibadan-North Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. The study involved 806 respondents aged from 18-90 years from 171 households, selected by cluster sampling technique. It was a house-to-house survey. Behavioural risk factors were measured using World Health Organisation (WHO) STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS 1 & 2). Hypertension was defined as Systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 and/or Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90mm Hg or currently on anti-hypertensive medication. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and binary logistic regression tests at P<0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 33.1% (male 36.8% and female 31.1%). The proportion of self reported hypertension was 11.1%, while 5.1% were currently on anti-hypertensive medication. The mean age of the respondents was 38.8 ±15.6 years. The body mass index of the respondents was 5.2%, 52.0%, 29.5% and 13.3% for underweight, normal, overweight and obese, respectively. Alcohol and tobacco use were found in 11.5% and 3.2%, respectively. The result of binary logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension was significantly associated with being in age groups 30-49 years (OR 2.258, 95% CI: 1.311 - 3.884), ≥50 years (OR 7.145, 95% CI: 3.644 - 14.011), being overweight or obese (OR 2.281, 95% CI: 1.022 – 5.088). Hypertension was inversely associated with being underweight (OR 0.537, 95% CI: 0.395 – 0.832). Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of hypertension. These data underscores the need for urgent steps to create awareness and implement interventions for prevention and early detection of hypertension, especially among those aged ≥30 years and the overweight or obese.
尼日利亚伊巴丹-北地方政府区居民高血压患病率及相关因素
背景:高血压是世界范围内的一项重大公共卫生挑战。它是心血管疾病最重要的危险因素。目的:本研究旨在调查尼日利亚奥约州伊巴丹-北地方政府区叶梅图社区居民高血压患病率及其相关因素。方法:采用描述性横断面设计。本研究采用整群抽样方法,从171户家庭中抽取年龄在18-90岁之间的806名调查对象。这是一次挨家挨户的调查。使用世界卫生组织(WHO)慢性病危险因素监测逐步方法(step1 & step2)测量行为危险因素。高血压定义为收缩压(SBP)≥140和/或舒张压(DBP)≥90mmhg或目前正在服用抗高血压药物。资料分析采用描述性统计、卡方检验和二元logistic回归检验,P<0.05。结果:高血压总患病率为33.1%(男36.8%,女31.1%)。自我报告高血压的比例为11.1%,目前服用降压药的比例为5.1%。受访者平均年龄为38.8±15.6岁。体重不足、正常、超重和肥胖的体质指数分别为5.2%、52.0%、29.5%和13.3%。饮酒和吸烟分别占11.5%和3.2%。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,高血压与30-49岁(OR 2.258, 95% CI: 1.311 ~ 3.884)、≥50岁(OR 7.145, 95% CI: 3.644 ~ 14.011)、超重或肥胖(OR 2.281, 95% CI: 1.022 ~ 5.088)显著相关。高血压与体重过轻呈负相关(OR 0.537, 95% CI: 0.395 - 0.832)。结论:本研究揭示了高血压的高患病率。这些数据强调需要采取紧急措施,提高人们对高血压的认识,并实施干预措施,以预防和早期发现高血压,特别是在年龄≥30岁和超重或肥胖的人群中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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