Yu Gong , Yuting Gao , Hexiang Zhang , Jian Zhao , Ning Hu
{"title":"A new method for determining mode-II fracture toughness of composite curved laminates","authors":"Yu Gong , Yuting Gao , Hexiang Zhang , Jian Zhao , Ning Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite curved laminates are commonly used in various engineering fields, accurate determination of their fracture toughness is important. In this work, a new and simple method for determining mode-II fracture toughness of composite curved laminates is proposed. Engesser-Castigliano theorem and unit load method are applied to derive the formula for mode-II fracture toughness of composite curved laminates, and the formula is verified by test and simulation results. ENF tests are carried out on two kinds of composite curved laminates with unidirectional and orthogonal stacking sequences, and different radii. It is found that the initial slopes of experimental load–displacement curves are in good agreements with theoretical results. In addition, finite element model is established by using cohesive zone model for delamination simulation, and the fracture toughness obtained from the developed method is input of the finite element model. The predicted load–displacement curve agrees well with test results, further verifying the applicability of the developed method for determining fracture toughness of curved laminates. One advantage of this method is that the mode-II fracture toughness can be determined without crack observation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An implicit adaptive finite volume-based phase-field model for dynamic fracture","authors":"X.L. Yang , N. Guo , T. Rabczuk","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel and efficient adaptive finite volume-based phase-field framework is proposed for simulating dynamic fracture in brittle and quasi-brittle solids using implicit time integration schemes. The method builds upon the variational phase-field theory of fracture and is formulated within the finite volume method (FVM), yielding conservative, symmetric, and diagonally dominant discrete systems. To enhance computational efficiency, adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is incorporated, leveraging the cell-centered FVM’s capability to handle hanging nodes and mesh irregularities without additional constraints. The framework incorporates both the AT2 and phase-field cohesive zone models to enhance versatility. To rigorously assess the accuracy, robustness, and efficiency of the proposed framework, a systematic parametric study is first conducted on a dynamic crack branching benchmark, examining the model’s sensitivity to various factors, including time integration schemes, mesh resolution, cell topology, and initial defect morphology. The effectiveness and accuracy of AMR are also assessed under varying tensile loading conditions. Additionally, benchmark examples such as dynamic shear loading, dynamic fragmentation of a thick cylinder, and fracture of a concrete compact tension specimen are simulated. Finally, the method is applied to a challenging 3D multiple-fracture problem, demonstrating its ability to capture complex spatial crack interactions, encompassing branching and coalescence. All results show good agreement with existing numerical and experimental data, confirming the accuracy, mesh insensitivity, and predictive capability of the proposed framework for dynamic fracture simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105173"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Gao , Bingqi Xu , Dou Bai , Guorui Feng , Ming Li
{"title":"Influence of fracturing spacing on rock mass fracturing and energy evolution in overlying strata","authors":"Rui Gao , Bingqi Xu , Dou Bai , Guorui Feng , Ming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the mining of extra-thick coal seam with hard roof, the large roof fracture step and high strength are prone to cause dynamic disasters in the stope. Ground fracturing technology can form an artificial large-scale fracture network in the hard roof to weaken the rock mass fracture strength, which is an innovative and effective technical to control the dynamic disasters. Combining laboratory test and numerical simulation, this paper systematically studied the regulation mechanism of different ground fracturing spacings on the rock fracture mechanical behavior and energy evolution of overburden. Uniaxial compression tests on sandstone specimens with prefabricated cracks, combined with DIC-based crack propagation monitoring, revealed how fracture spacing governs rock mass strength, brittleness indices, and failure mechanisms. The research shows that prefabricated cracks significantly reduce rock mass compressive strength and brittleness indices, with peak strength reduction occurring at 20 mm double-fracture spacing and 5 mm triple-fracture spacing. Based on the coupled model of FLAC<sup>3D</sup> and PFC<sup>3D</sup>, the internal correlation between fracturing spacing and overburden energy evolution was revealed. Ground fracturing changes the energy release form to energy-damp and energy-slip dissipation by reducing the fracture step of the hard roof. When ground fracturing spacings at 30 m and 10 m, the increment of energy-body in the hard roof was reduced by more than 26 %, the energy accumulation in the hard roof was significantly weakened, and the dynamic disasters in the working face can be significantly prevented and controlled.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105174"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temperature-dependent cohesive zone model for modeling mode I delamination of composite laminates under elevated temperature","authors":"Ali Esmaili, Fathollah Taheri-Behrooz","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the Mode I fracture behavior of glass/epoxy laminates through experimental testing and numerical simulation across a temperature range of room temperature to 70 °C. Experimental results demonstrate an increase in initiation and propagation fracture toughness with rising temperature. This enhancement is attributed to resin softening, improving ductility, and an enlarged crack-tip plastic zone, promoting increased fiber bridging. Based on these findings, a predictive equation for fracture toughness at various temperatures was developed and validated, exhibiting a prediction error of approximately 4 % when compared to experimental data. The equation’s accuracy was further confirmed by its successful application to independent experimental data from previous studies. Subsequently, a temperature-dependent tri-linear cohesive zone model, based on the developed equation, was implemented in Abaqus software via a UMAT subroutine to simulate mode I delamination growth. Finite element analysis results validated the accuracy of this model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105176"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiachen Sun , Abedulgader Baktheer , Yang Pan , Fadi Aldakheel
{"title":"Fatigue life prediction under random vibrations: An acceleration framework combining scale factor analysis and critical distance theory","authors":"Jiachen Sun , Abedulgader Baktheer , Yang Pan , Fadi Aldakheel","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the practical need for efficient vibration fatigue testing of aircraft aluminum alloy components, this work proposes a novel random vibration fatigue acceleration factor model that integrates the concept of scale factors with the Theory of Critical Distances (TCD). Unlike conventional approaches, the proposed model accounts for the unique features of random vibration fatigue loads, particularly the presence of numerous small load cycles and the probabilistic nature of stress amplitudes. The fatigue behavior of the material is described by an <em>S–N</em> curve characterized by three parameters, while the influence of load amplitude distribution is captured through a general probabilistic stress amplitude model. To address stress concentration effects in notched components, the point method of TCD is used to identify the critical distance, where the response stress spectrum is evaluated using the von Mises equivalent stress. A scale factor is then computed at this location and used to derive the acceleration factor. The model is experimentally validated through random vibration fatigue tests on notched aluminum alloy specimens involving three materials and multiple notch configurations. The predicted acceleration factors show good agreement with the experimental data, confirming the model’s accuracy and practical applicability in aerospace engineering design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105108"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xianghua Liu , Ke Zhang , Kai Zhang , Rencai Lin , Wenhuan Li
{"title":"Quantitative study of unlocking mechanisms of rock mass containing a locking section: insights from DIC and IR techniques","authors":"Xianghua Liu , Ke Zhang , Kai Zhang , Rencai Lin , Wenhuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To study the unlocking mechanisms of the rock mass containing a locking section, sandstone specimens with two edge flaws are prepared and subjected to uniaxial compression tests, considering flaw inclinations of 30°, 45°, and 60°. The whole failure process of these specimens is monitored by the digital image correlation (DIC) method and infrared radiation (IR) technique. The flaw inclination exerts a substantial influence on the mechanical properties and failure pattern. The step-path failure is found in the case of <em>α</em> = 30°, while the retaining-wall failure is observed in the case of <em>α</em> = 45° and 60°. The relative displacement extraction, extended from the DIC, is applied to identify and quantitatively analyze the cracking behavior. Based on the relative displacement across the flaw, the locking effect is found to be weaker in the specimens with <em>α</em> = 30° than in those with <em>α</em> = 45° and 60°. According to the relative displacement within the locking section, two unlocking modes are identified: slow unlocking, characterized by a stable development in the relative displacement, and rapid unlocking, characterized by a stable and then exponential change in the relative displacement. By the IR monitoring, the thermal anomaly points are uniformly distributed in the specimens with <em>α</em> = 30° but progressively concentrated toward the failure planes in the specimens with <em>α</em> = 45° and 60°. The spatiotemporal characteristics of IR temperature fields are quantified by the discrete statistical method and the novel spatial distribution statistical method, standard deviational ellipse (SDE). The quantitative indicators, including standard deviation, skewness, and SDE parameters, exhibit stable development in the specimens with <em>α</em> = 30° but pronounced stagewise development and significant variability in the specimens with <em>α</em> = 45° and 60°.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105172"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huaidong Liu, Changyou Liu, Fengfeng Wu, Zhenhua Chen, Haolei Li
{"title":"Numerical study on roadway stress relief of surrounding rock through hydraulic fracturing-induced roof cracking based on phase-field theory","authors":"Huaidong Liu, Changyou Liu, Fengfeng Wu, Zhenhua Chen, Haolei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydraulic fracturing is a primary method for relief stress in roadway surrounding rock (RSR). However, the impact of fracturing parameters on fracture propagation behavior and RSR stress mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study establishes a hydro-mechanical coupling model for the fracturing in roadway roof based on phase-field theory. Building upon this model, we thoroughly investigate the influence mechanisms of two key factors—crack spacing and drilling angles—on hydraulic fracture propagation behavior and the stress evolution of RSR. Results show that fracturing range and fracture ratio positively correlate with both crack spacing and angle between drillings. Fracture network complexity, while not significantly correlated with these factors, most strongly influences RSR stress relief. As crack spacing increases, RSR stress relief fluctuates but remains within the stress reduction zone in all directions. Drilling angles significantly regulate the stress field: when drillings on opposite sides of the roadway and the fractures can penetrate, RSR stress relief is substantial, placing the entire roadway within the stress reduction zone. Conversely, unconnected fractures or drillings on one side creates stress increase zones. To optimize RSR stress relief, a larger angle between drillings is recommended, provided that the fractures can still be penetrated effectively. These findings provide practical guidance for parameter optimization in hydraulic fracturing strategies in roadway roof management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105171"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of bending fracture behavior in calcined red-layer Portland composites: A multi-perspective approach","authors":"Ke Zhang , Zichen Wang , Kai Zhang , Na Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The red-clay (also known as red-layer) in Central Yunnan, as a typical engineering waste, still lacks effective pathways for large-scale resource utilization. In this study, calcined red-layer is used to partially replace cement to prepare calcined red-layer Portland composites (RPC), and a series of three-point bending tests are conducted. By integrating digital image correlation (DIC) technology, energy evolution analysis, fracture process zone (FPZ) characterization, and quantitative fracture surface morphology analysis, the bending fracture behaviors of RPC materials are systematically revealed. The results show that with increasing replacement ratio of calcined red-layer, the mechanical properties and strain energy of RPC specimens show a decreasing trend, indicating a reduction in overall load-bearing capacity and energy release potential. Meanwhile, the expansion of the fracture process zone and the increased roughness of fracture surface morphology reflect more complex crack propagation paths. The microstructural evolution of RPC specimens with different replacement ratios of calcined red-layer is investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on fractal theory, the microstructural complexity is quantitatively described by the calculate box-counting fractal dimension (<em>D</em>), which increases from 1.1096 to 1.3261 with higher replacement ratios. Significant correlations are observed between <em>D</em> and the macroscopic mechanical properties, strain energy properties, FPZ properties and fracture surface morphology properties, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.82 to 0.97. The results demonstrate the driving role of microstructural complexity in the evolution of bending fracture behaviors of RPC materials, providing a theoretical foundation and engineering guidance for the high-value utilization of waste red-layer and the design of green, high-toughness concrete materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105169"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of intrinsic fracture energy of elastoplastic materials based on plastic dissipation exclusion","authors":"Hui Liu , Biao Li , Weidong Wang , Yazhi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In elastoplastic fracture problems, the determination method of classical fracture toughness often incorporates plastic dissipation as part of the crack growth resistance, i.e., plastic correction method, leading to high sensitivity of the resistance to factors such as crack length, structural geometry, and loading conditions. This work proposed a method for determining the intrinsic fracture energy of elastoplastic material, which is considered a constant material parameter. This was achieved by calculating various energy components for a cracked structure via finite element modeling and excluding plastic dissipation energy from the total energy change during crack propagation. A mathematical expression for evaluating the energy was provided for common engineering materials that follow Hollomon’s hardening law. The method was validated through compact tension as well as compact tension and shear experiments on materials with varying ductility, including 316L stainless steel, 2A12 aluminum alloy, and TC4 titanium alloy. Moreover, the applicability of the HRR solution in elastoplastic fracture problems and the underlying mechanism of crack growth resistance formation were discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105168"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zacarías Conde, Daniel García-Vallejo, Carlos Navarro, Jaime Domínguez
{"title":"A Cross-validation approach in Neural Networks for fretting-fatigue prediction on Al 7075-T651","authors":"Zacarías Conde, Daniel García-Vallejo, Carlos Navarro, Jaime Domínguez","doi":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.105129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) developed to estimate the fretting fatigue life of aluminium Al 7075-T651 under cylindrical and spherical contact conditions. The study compares two sets of input parameters: one based on easily acquired experimental data (NN1: bulk stress, semi-width of the contact area, and tangential force ratio) and another that incorporates detailed physical characteristics of the phenomenon (NN2: normal stress and strain variations at critical depths, in addition to bulk stress). To optimize training with a limited dataset and mitigate overfitting, the k-fold cross-validation technique was employed. The research evaluated different optimization algorithms, with the Adam optimizer showing superior performance, along with the ReLU activation function. The results demonstrate that neural networks predict fretting fatigue life more accurately than classic methods. While the NN1 model exhibited slightly better performance in a simple data split, the NN2 model suggests a greater capacity for generalization, even for different geometries, due to the inclusion of stresses and strains that can be estimated numerically. K-fold cross-validation proved crucial in improving the reliability of predictions by maximizing the use of available data. In conclusion, neural networks are presented as a promising and accurate tool for predicting fretting fatigue life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22879,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 105129"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}