The Open Allergy Journal最新文献

{"title":"Editorial - Basophils and Allergy","authors":"J. Rivera","doi":"10.2174/1874838401003010044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401003010044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"44-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81768872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Basophil Phenotypes and the Associated Signaling Mechanisms","authors":"D. MacGlashan","doi":"10.2174/1874838401003010060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401003010060","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of studies have shown that human basophils are participants in allergic reactions and a recent study has indicated that it may even be important in the immediate reaction generally associated with a mast cell response. Therefore, it is important to understand how the function of these cells is regulated and whether the functionality has a re- lationship to the presence and severity of diseases like atopy. There are many indications that for IgE-mediated secretion, the regulation of syk expression is relevant to the broad distribution of outcomes observed in the general population. The factors influencing the expression of syk will be explored. In addition the outcomes of studies surveying signal element expression by various methods will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"60-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79198532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basophils and IgE: Linking the Allergic Environment to Autoimmunity","authors":"N. Charles, J. Rivera","doi":"10.2174/1874838401003010081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401003010081","url":null,"abstract":"As outlined in some of the accompanying articles in this issue, the role of the basophil as an effector cell in al- lergy and in host defense (particularly to parasites) has long been recognized. However, recent advances advocate for the basophil as an immunomodulatory cell that can promote naive CD4 + T cell commitment to Th2 cell differentiation. While this is in keeping with the concept that the basophil is important in an allergic environment, new discoveries suggest that basophils may be immunomodulatory beyond the context of allergic disease. Here we mainly discuss our own work, which provides a new paradigm for the role of basophils beyond allergy. Our findings demonstrate the importance of autoreactive IgE's, IL-4 and basophils in promoting autoantibody production and the development of lupus nephritis. The conclusions drawn are based on studies in a mouse model (Lyn -/- mice) of spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disease as well as from analysis of the relationship between disease activity in SLE patients and their levels of autoreactive IgE's and activated basophils with antigen presenting capability. The findings demonstrate a link between the Th2 environment and autoimmunity and provide new areas of investigation with therapeutic potential.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87229334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Disorders and Chronic Constipation: Relation to Other Co-morbidities?","authors":"S. Szeinbach, R. Rodriguez-Monguio, R. Baran, P. Williams","doi":"10.2174/1874838401003010029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401003010029","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep disorders are common complaints and frequently associated with a number of disease states. Although the link between sleep disorders, respiratory diseases, and other co-morbid conditions experienced by patients has been investigated, the link between sleep disorders and chronic constipation is relatively unexplored. Given the widespread oc- currence of sleep disorders, it is important to evaluate how sleep disorders relate to respiratory diseases and other co- morbid disease states in participants with chronic constipation. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify co-morbid conditions that were significant predictors for chronic constipation participants with and without sleep disorders. Of the 311 participants with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic constipation, 84% of the sample was female with 52% having sleep disorders, approximately two-thirds reported allergies, and 30% or less reported chronic sinusitis, chronic bronchitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results from logistic regression analysis revealed significant odds ratios for sleep disorders and allergies (OR 2.4; p = 0.001), asthma (OR 2.0; p = 0.01), chronic bronchitis (OR 2.2; p = 0.014), COPD (OR 4.0; p < 0.001), sinusitis (OR 2.0; p = 0.008), and for other co-morbid conditions. Perceptions of overall health were significantly worse (p < 0.001) for chronic constipation participants with certain co-morbid conditions including sleep disorders, respiratory diseases, and disease states producing pain. Co-morbid conditions may influence in- formation provided by patients when discussing family history, diagnosing, discussing pharmacotherapy, and monitoring patient-reported outcomes. Co-morbid conditions should be considered by physicians and specialists during patient as- sessment and evaluation. Keyword: Allergic disease, upper respiratory, insomnia, Constipation, Co-morbid conditions, diagnosis, clinical evaluation.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87752955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biphasic Anaphylaxis: A Review of the Incidence, Characteristics and Predictors","authors":"A. Ellis","doi":"10.2174/1874838401003010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401003010024","url":null,"abstract":"While it has been recognized for over a quarter century that anaphylactic reactions have the potential to follow a biphasic course, reports on the incidence of biphasic anaphylaxis are conflicting, and the search for reliable predictive factors of such responses has been challenging. Further adding to the complexity of this clinical entity are the widely vari- able durations of the asymptomatic window, and the similarly variable reports on second phase severity. This review aims to provide the health care professional with a better understanding of the true incidence, nature, and risk factors for this type of reactivity by consolidating and summarizing the available literature on the topic of biphasic anaphylaxis. As our body of evidence builds, patterns are emerging to suggest that those patients with an initial presentation requiring more than one dose of epinephrine, those who have life-threatening initial presenting features, and those who otherwise take longer to stabilize, are in this higher risk group, and would be more likely to benefit from prolonged in hospital observa- tion. Conversely, patients who respond rapidly to the immediate administration of epinephrine may be at lower risk, but this finding requires confirmation by others. Further prospective evaluations of biphasic anaphylaxis will greatly aid our understanding of this condition.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"24-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78617312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Mineral Content in Patients with Anaphylactic Reactions, Signs of Mastocytosis and Elevated Basal Serum Tryptase Levels","authors":"C. Bucher, D. Uebelhart, B. Wüthrich, J. Swanenburg, G. Goerres","doi":"10.2174/1874838401003010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401003010007","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To examine the relationship between elevated basal serum tryptase levels (BST), a marker of total mast cell mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with anaphylactic reactions and signs of mastocytosis. Methods: Retrospective evaluation of patient charts at an allergy unit. Patients with BST levels above 20 ng/ml were eligible if clinical and follow-up data and results of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were available. Patients with previous use of anti-osteoporotic medications and with osteoporosis not caused by mastocytosis were excluded. Spearman’s rank correlation, Mann-Whitney test and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used for analysis. Results: 24 patients were included. The main presenting symptom (17 of 24 patients) was anaphylactic reactions to insect stings. BST levels ranged between 21 and 158 ng/ml (median 48 ng/ml). Study participants with Z-score values below 1.0 had a median BST level of 46 ng/ml, the patients with Z-score values above or equal to -1.0 had a median BST level of 27 ng/ml. ROC analysis of the patient group with BST values between 30 and 100 ng/ml revealed a best cut-off value of BST to detect a low BMD when BST level would be at least 27 ng/ml resulting in a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 70%. Conclusion: Patients with moderately elevated BST levels seem to be at increased risk for low BMD.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82764014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to the Management of Presumed Immediate Hymenoptera Venom Allergy and Non-Detectable IgE","authors":"E. Mingomataj, A. Bakiri","doi":"10.2174/1874838401003010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401003010016","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To provide a comprehensive evaluation in patients with a convincing history of immediate insect allergy but negative skin test and/or specific IgE results, adequately addressing the question of how best to manage them. Results: Among 43 identified papers only 9 of them presented relevant original data, while the other papers were reviews. In the majority of the cases, the culprit insect was identified with in vitro tests such as Basophil Activation Test, Cellular Allergen Stimulation Test or Western blot, whereas in vivo (less frequently) with sting challenge or dialyzed venom skin test. Conclusions: The management of patients with a convincing history of immediate insect allergy but negative conventional test results requires an adaption of the guidelines including an incorporation of the novel diagnostic tools. Although cellu- lar tests represent equivalent sensitivity and superior specificity as compared with standard ones, these tests still remain supplementary diagnostic tools. In a minority of cases (especially in the developing countries where cellular tests cannot be performed), venom immunotherapy in adult subjects could be taken into account based solemnly on the history of a clear patient's identification of the culprit insect.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82374314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Symptoms Assessment During Nasal Allergen Provocation in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis","authors":"A. Zetchi, M. Rousseau, A. Leblanc, M. Boulay, L. Boulet","doi":"10.2174/1874838401003010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838401003010001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Allergic rhinitis is the most prevalent allergic disease. Nasal provocation tests (NPTs) may be useful for its clinical diagnostic and therapy monitoring although they are mostly used in clinical research. However, the lack of standardisation in the symptoms assessed and the variety of instruments used make effective comparison between studies difficult. Objective: To review the published literature searching for instruments assessing nasal symptoms during NPTs for allergic rhinitis. Methods: Pubmed and Embase electronic databases were reviewed, looking for all methods in- cluding an instrument assessing symptoms during or following NPTs. Studies on animal models, pediatric subjects, and patients without allergic rhinitis were excluded. Studies were also excluded if they did not assess nasal symptoms during or following the NPT. Only NPT studies performed with allergen extracts or histamine were included. Results: A total of 520 studies were retrieved, from which 81 different instruments from 81 studies were included in the present analysis. There was no instrument reporting a validation process for the assessment of symptoms during NPTs. From the remaining instruments, the most common symptoms assessed were rhinorrhea (67), sneezing (70), congestion (67), and nasal pruri- tus (50). The most frequently used type of scales among those instruments was the four-point Likert scale (39), although different methods were used. Conclusions: This review illustrates the large variety of symptoms and methods used to as- sess the aforementioned NPTs. The lack of validation studies suggests the need to develop and validate a standardized in- strument assessing symptoms following NPTs.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84595853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles for the High Affinity IgE Receptor, FcεRI, of Human Basophils in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Allergic Asthma: Disease Promotion, Protection or Both?","authors":"Lama A Youssef, Mark Schuyler, Bridget S Wilson, Janet M Oliver","doi":"10.2174/1874838401003010091","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874838401003010091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of basophils, the rarest of blood granulocytes, in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma is still incompletely understood. Indirect evidence generated over many decades is consistent with a role for basophils in disease promotion. Recent improvements in procedures to purify and analyze very small numbers of human cells have generally supported this view, but have also revealed new complexities. This chapter focuses on our analyses of Fcε R1 function in basophils in the context of understanding and treating human allergic asthma. In long-term studies, we demonstrated that asthmatic subjects have higher circulating numbers of basophils than non-atopic non-asthmatic subjects and that their basophils show higher rates of both basal and anti-IgE or antigen-stimulated histamine release. These results hint at a direct role for basophils in promoting asthma. Supporting this interpretation, the non-releaser phenotype that we linked to the excessive proteolysis of Syk via the ubiquitin/proteasomal pathway is less common in basophils from asthmatic than non-asthmatic donors. The discovery of a basophil-specific pathway regulating Syk levels presents a clear opportunity for therapy. Another route to therapy was revealed by evidence that basophil FcεRI signaling can be downregulated by co-crosslinking the ITAM-containing IgE receptor, FcγRI, to the ITIM-containing IgG receptor, FcγRIIB. Based on this discovery, hybrid co-crosslinking fusion proteins are being engineered as potential therapies targeting basophils. A third distinguishing property of human basophils is their high dependence on IgE binding to stabilize membrane FcεRI. The circulating IgE scavenging mAb, Omalizumab, reduces FcεRI expression in basophils from asthmatics by over 95% and produces a substantial impairment of IL-4, IL-8 and IL-13 production in response to the crosslinking of residual cell surface IgE-FcεRI. A search for small molecule inhibitors that similarly impair high affinity IgE binding to basophils may yield reagents that mimic Omalizumab's therapeutic benefits without the potential for immune side effects. Although studies on allergen and FcεRI-mediated basophil activation all point to a role in promoting disease, a case can also be made for an alternative or additional role of basophil FcεRI in protection against allergic asthma. Human basophils have high affinities for IgE, they upregulate receptor levels over a >100-fold range as circulating IgE levels increase and they have short half-lives in the circulation. Thus, when allergen is absent, basophil FcεRI could serve as scavengers of serum IgE and therefore protectors against mast cell IgE-mediated inflammatory responses. Further studies are clearly needed to determine if FcεR-expressing basophils play pathogenic or protective roles - or both - in human allergic asthma and other IgE-mediated inflammatory disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"3 ","pages":"91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/f3/nihms471781.PMC4090948.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32499590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical Tacrolimus for Psoriasis","authors":"Toshiyuki Yamamoto","doi":"10.2174/1874838400902010051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874838400902010051","url":null,"abstract":"Tacrolimus ointment is an agent approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis; however, tacrolimus has been expected also as one of the promising therapeutic strategies for other T-cell mediated inflammatory skin disorders. Recent progress have demonstrated that topical tacrolimus shows beneficial effects for psoriasis depending on sites. In particular, facial, intertriginous, and genital psoriasis respond to topical tacrolimus dramatically in a short period. Further, topical tacrolimus is tolerable also for child psoriasis. Because topical tacrolimus does not induce either skin atrophy or telangiec- tasia different from corticosteroids, it is recommended to be a first choice. The most proper way of topical tacrolimus therapy at present is to use this ointment intermittently after the remission was once obtained, paying attention to its ad- verse effects.","PeriodicalId":22835,"journal":{"name":"The Open Allergy Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87024722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}