The Journal of Nuclear Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Rates of PSMA PET Staging and Positivity in Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer in a National Health Care System","authors":"Sean R. Miller, Rachel Tucker Gonzalez, William C. Jackson, Megan E.V. Caram, Phoebe A. Tsao, Kristian Stensland, Yashesh Shah, Daniel Wale, Ka Kit Wong, Benjamin L. Viglianti, David Elliott, Tanner Caverly, Timothy P. Hofer, Sameer Saini, Michael D. Green, Matthew Schipper, Robert T. Dess, Alex K. Bryant","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268555","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2020 for the staging of newly diagnosed prostate cancer, yet rates of adoption and real-world positivity rates are unknown. We characterized patients undergoing PSMA PET staging and describe positive findings in a large national cohort. <strong>Methods:</strong> We identified all newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients in the national Veterans Health Administration from June 2020 to August 2023. Demographics, staging imaging reports, and cancer-related information were obtained from electronic medical record data. To assess positive findings, we chart-reviewed 1,994 patients (<em>n</em> = 657 low to intermediate risk) with staging PSMA PET reports available. <strong>Results:</strong> Among 31,838 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, 4,538 (14%) underwent PSMA staging. Use of PSMA staging increased rapidly from near 0 in early 2021 to approximately 70% of patients with high- or very-high-risk disease by August 2023. Among patients who were N0/M0 by conventional imaging, PSMA PET positivity rates (N1 or M1) were 5.9% for favorable intermediate risk, 8.2% for unfavorable intermediate risk, 14% for high risk, and 34% for very high risk. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> PSMA PET staging for newly diagnosed prostate cancer increased rapidly in the Veterans Health Administration. Positivity rates were less than 10% in this large intermediate-risk cohort. These data confirm the utility of PSMA PET staging in high-risk disease and suggest that additional study is needed to refine patient selection in intermediate-risk disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2024 SNMMI Highlights Lecture: General Clinical Specialties","authors":"Twyla Bartel","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.269263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.269263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><em>The Highlights Lecture, presented at the closing session of each SNMMI Annual Meeting, was originated and presented for more than 30 y by Henry N. Wagner, Jr., MD. Beginning in 2010, the duties of summarizing selected significant presentations at the meeting were divided annually among 4 distinguished nuclear and molecular medicine subject matter experts. The 2024 Highlights Lectures were delivered on June 11 at the SNMMI Annual Meeting in Toronto, Canada. Presented here is the lecture by Twyla Bartel, DO, MBA, from Global Advanced Imaging, PLLC (Little Rock, AR), who reviewed general clinical specialties topics from the meeting. Note that in the following presentation summary, numerals in brackets represent abstract numbers as published in</em> The Journal of Nuclear Medicine <em>(2024;65[suppl 2]).</em></p>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Imaging of Cancer Stem Cells and Their Role in Therapy Resistance","authors":"Sofia N. dos Santos, Timothy H. Witney","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.267657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.267657","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite recent therapeutic breakthroughs, cancer patients continue to face high recurrence and mortality rates due to treatment resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation with self-renewal capabilities, are key drivers of refractive disease. This review explores the application of molecular imaging techniques, such as PET and SPECT, for the noninvasive detection of CSCs. By providing real-time monitoring of CSCs, these imaging methods have the potential to predict therapy resistance and guide personalized treatment approaches. Here, we cover the biological characteristics of CSCs, mechanisms of therapy resistance, and the identification and targeting of CSC-specific biomarkers with molecular imaging. Additionally, we address the challenges and opportunities for the clinical translation of CSC imaging, highlighting strategies where CSC imaging can be used to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical Evaluation and Pilot Clinical Study of CD137 PET Radiotracer for Noninvasive Monitoring Early Responses of Immunotherapy","authors":"Kai Cheng, Luna Ge, Miaomiao Song, Wanhu Li, Jinsong Zheng, Jingru Liu, Yuxi Luo, Pengfei Sun, Shengnan Xu, Zhen Cheng, Jinming Yu, Jie Liu","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Given the variability in the effectiveness of immune checkpoint blocking therapy among patients and tumor types, development of noninvasive methods for longitudinal assessment of immune cell function and early tumor response is crucial for precision immunotherapy. CD137 (4-1BB), a marker of activated T cells, plays a significant role in immunotherapy. However, its potential as an imaging biomarker for activated T cells in the tumor microenvironment has not been explored. This study introduces a bicyclic peptide–based probe that targets CD137 for noninvasive PET imaging of tumor-infiltrating activated T cells. <strong>Methods:</strong> A bicyclic peptide–based probe, [¹⁸F]AlF-NOTA-BCP137, was first designed and synthesized for quantitative and longitudinal whole-body visualization of CD137 dynamics. Initially, [¹⁸F]AlF-NOTA-BCP137 was assessed in mouse models with varying CD137 expression levels. Next, [¹⁸F]AlF-NOTA-BCP137 was used for longitudinal monitoring of systemic CD137 changes in a humanized tumor-bearing mouse model. Lastly, the probe was further evaluated in a small group of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing immunotherapy or combination immunotherapy. <strong>Results:</strong> [¹⁸F]AlF-NOTA-BCP137 PET accurately characterized CD137 expression in homologous transplanted mouse models and tumor patients. The findings from animal studies indicated that uptake of [¹⁸F]AlF-NOTA-BCP137 was predictive of the early therapeutic response to combination immunotherapies and was positively associated with the increased survival rates of mice with tumors. A preliminary clinical study involving small patient cohorts demonstrated that [¹⁸F]AlF-NOTA-BCP137 imaging effectively predicted early patient responses to immunotherapeutic interventions. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> [¹⁸F]AlF-NOTA-BCP137 PET imaging of CD137 is a promising and reliable method for evaluating the efficacy of multiple combination immunotherapies and merits further validation in larger-scale clinical trials. This approach has the potential for early noninvasive visualization of individual patient responses in combination cancer immunotherapy and will aid in tailoring personalized strategies for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Acute Hypoxia Exposure on the Availability of A1 Adenosine Receptors and Perfusion in the Human Brain","authors":"Manuel Michno, Jan Schmitz, Anna L. Foerges, Simone Beer, Jens Jordan, Bernd Neumaier, Alexander Drzezga, Daniel Aeschbach, Andreas Bauer, Jens Tank, Henning Weis, Eva-Maria Elmenhorst, David Elmenhorst","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268455","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In animal studies it has been observed that the inhibitory neuromodulator adenosine is released into the cerebral interstitial space during hypoxic challenges. Adenosine’s actions on the A₁ adenosine receptor (A₁AR) protect the brain from oxygen deprivation and overexertion through adjustments in cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and electric activity. <strong>Methods:</strong> Using 8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-[¹⁸F]fluoropropyl)-1-propylxanthine ([¹⁸F]CPFPX), a PET tracer for the A₁AR, we tested the hypothesis that hypoxia-induced adenosine release reduces A₁AR availability in the human brain. Furthermore, we investigated whether this response is associated with altered brain perfusion and psychomotor vigilance. Ten healthy volunteers completed a 110-min bolus–plus–constant-infusion [¹⁸F]CPFPX PET/MRI hybrid experiment including a 30-min interval of normobaric hypoxia with peripheral oxygen saturation between 70% and 75%. We obtained blood samples to calculate metabolite-corrected steady-state A₁AR distribution volumes and measured gray matter brain perfusion via arterial spin labeling in high temporal resolution. A 3-min psychomotor vigilance test was conducted every 10 min, and heart rate and peripheral blood oxygen saturation were continuously measured. <strong>Results:</strong> In all 7 examined brain regions, hypoxia reduced A₁AR availability significantly (e.g., frontal lobe, 13.5%; <em>P</em> = 0.0144) whereas gray matter brain perfusion increased (e.g., frontal lobe, 42.5%; <em>P</em> = 0.0007). Heart rate increased by 19% (<em>P</em> = 0.0039). Mean reaction speed decreased by 4.3% (<em>P</em> = 0.0021). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that acute hypoxia, corresponding to a mean altitude of 5,500 m (18,000 ft), reduces A₁AR availability in the human brain. The finding is consistent with hypoxia-induced cerebral adenosine release leading to increased A₁AR occupancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibody-Based PET Imaging of Misfolded Superoxide Dismutase 1 in an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mouse Model","authors":"Jacques A. Rousseau, Marcel Maier, Samia Ait-Mohand, Véronique Dumulon-Perreault, Otman Sarrhini, Sébastien Tremblay, Etienne Rousseau, Michael Salzmann, Brigitte Guérin","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268343","url":null,"abstract":"<sec><st>Visual Abstract</st><p><fig loc=\"float\"><link locator=\"jnumed.124.268343absf1\"></fig></p></sec>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[18F]Fluorthanatrace PET in Ovarian Cancer: Comparison with [18F]FDG PET, Lesion Location, Tumor Grade, and Breast Cancer Gene Mutation Status","authors":"Joanna K. Weeks, Austin R. Pantel, Sarah B. Gitto, Fang Liu, Erin K. Schubert, Daniel A. Pryma, Michael D. Farwell, David A. Mankoff, Robert H. Mach, Fiona Simpkins, Lilie L. Lin","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.267627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.267627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) inhibitors have improved ovarian cancer treatment outcomes. However, clinical response remains heterogeneous. Existing biomarkers, mainly breast cancer susceptibility genes 1 and 2 (<em>BRCA1/2</em>), are suboptimal. New tools are needed to guide patient selection. In this study, [¹⁸F]fluorthanatrace ([¹⁸F]FTT), a PET radiotracer for imaging PARP1, was compared with [¹⁸F]FDG and tumor features commonly assessed in ovarian cancer. <strong>Methods:</strong> Subjects with epithelial ovarian cancer underwent both [¹⁸F]FTT and [¹⁸F]FDG PET before new oncologic treatment. The SUV_max of [¹⁸F]FTT and [¹⁸F]FDG was compared between lesions. [¹⁸F]FTT SUV_max was compared with tumor location, tumor grade, and germline or somatic <em>BRCA1/2</em> status. Linear mixed models were fitted to identify subject-level differences. <strong>Results:</strong> Fifty-five lesions were identified in 14 subjects. No correlation was found between [¹⁸F]FTT SUV_max and [¹⁸F]FDG SUV_max per lesion, supporting distinct molecular targets. [¹⁸F]FTT uptake varied widely across lesions, with no significant differences between mean SUV_max and tumor location, grade, or <em>BRCA1/2</em> status. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our findings suggest that [¹⁸F]FTT PET may provide unique information on ovarian cancer distinct from [¹⁸F]FDG PET and commonly assessed tumor features. Our results imply a wide range of PARP1 expression in the studied ovarian tumors not explained by [¹⁸F]FDG PET, location, grade, or mutational status.</p>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparability of Quantifying Relative Lung Ventilation with Inhaled 99mTc-Technegas and 133Xe in Patients Undergoing Evaluation for Lung Transplantation","authors":"Ashwin Singh Parihar, Joyce C. Mhlanga, Henry D. Royal, Barry A. Siegel","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268801","url":null,"abstract":"<sec><st>Visual Abstract</st><p><fig loc=\"float\"><link locator=\"jnumed.124.268801absf1\"></fig></p></sec>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myelin Imaging of the Spinal Cord in Animal Models and Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Using [11C]MeDAS PET: A Translational Study","authors":"Chris W.J. van der Weijden, Ahmed K.M.A. Ahmed, Anouk van der Hoorn, Junqing Zhu, Chunying Wu, Yanming Wang, Gilles N. Stormezand, Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx, Jan F. Meilof, Erik F.J. de Vries","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.123.266896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.123.266896","url":null,"abstract":"<sec><st>Visual Abstract</st><p><fig loc=\"float\"><link locator=\"jnumed.123.266896absf1\"></fig></p></sec>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Accuracy Assessment of the NeuroEXPLORER for Diverse Imaging Applications: Moving Beyond Standard Evaluations","authors":"Negar Omidvari, Ekaterina Shanina, Edwin K. Leung, Xishan Sun, Yusheng Li, Tim Mulnix, Paul Gravel, Shannan Henry, David Matuskey, Tommaso Volpi, Terry Jones, Ramsey D. Badawi, Hongdi Li, Richard E. Carson, Jinyi Qi, Simon R. Cherry","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268309","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantitative molecular imaging with PET can offer insights into physiologic and pathologic processes and is widely used for studying brain disorders. The NeuroEXPLORER is a recently developed dedicated brain PET system offering high spatial resolution and high sensitivity with an extended axial length. This study evaluated the quantitative precision and accuracy of the NeuroEXPLORER with phantom and human data for a variety of imaging conditions that are relevant to dynamic neuroimaging studies. <strong>Methods:</strong> Thirty-minute scans of an image quality (IQ) phantom and a 3-dimensional Hoffman brain phantom filled with [¹⁸F]FDG were performed over 13 h, covering phantom activities of 1.3–177 MBq. Furthermore, a uniform cylindric phantom filled with 558 MBq of ¹¹C was scanned for 4 h. Quantitative accuracy was assessed using the contrast recovery coefficient (CRC), background variability, and background bias in the IQ phantom, the recovery coefficients (RCs) in the Hoffman phantom, and the bias in the uniform phantom. Results were compared at delayed time points, with different reconstruction parameters and frame lengths down to 1 s. Moreover, randomly subsampled frames of 2 imaging time points (0–2 min and 60–90 min) from a dynamic scan of a healthy volunteer with a 177-MBq injected dose of (<em>R</em>)-4-(3-fluoro-5-(fluoro-¹⁸F)phenyl)-1-((3-methylpyridin-4-yl)methyl)pyrrolidin-2-one ([¹⁸F]SynVesT-1) were used to assess quantification of brain uptake and image-derived input function extraction. <strong>Results:</strong> Negligible effects were observed on CRC and background bias with 3–177 MBq in the IQ phantom, and bias was less than 5% with 1–558 MBq in the uniform phantom. RC variations were within ±1% with 2–169 MBq in the Hoffman phantom, showcasing the system’s high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. Short-frame reconstructions of the 60- to 90-min healthy-volunteer scan showed a ±1% mean difference in quantification of brain uptake for frame lengths down to 30 s and demonstrated the feasibility of measuring image-derived input function with mean absolute differences below 10% for frame lengths down to 1 s. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The NeuroEXPLORER, with its high detection sensitivity, maintains high precision and accuracy across a wide range of imaging conditions beyond those evaluated in standard performance tests. These results demonstrate its potential for quantitative neuroimaging applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}