The Journal of Nuclear Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A Method for Validating PET and SPECT Cameras for Quantitative Clinical Imaging Trials Using Novel Radionuclides","authors":"Dale L. Bailey, Kathy P. Willowson, Graeme O’Keefe, Steven Goodman, Shaun Patford, George McGill, David A. Pattison, Andrew M. Scott","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268578","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our aim is to report methodology that has been developed to calibrate and verify PET and SPECT quantitative image accuracy and quality assurance for use with nonstandard radionuclides, especially with longer half-lives, in clinical imaging trials. <strong>Methods:</strong> Procedures have been developed for quantitative PET and SPECT image calibration for use in clinical trials. The protocol uses a 3-step approach: check quantitative accuracy with a previously calibrated radionuclide in a simple geometry, check the novel trial radionuclide in the same geometry, and check the novel radionuclide in a more challenging, complex geometry (the National Electrical Manufacturers Association [NEMA] NU-2 International Electrotechnical Commission [IEC] image-quality phantom). The radionuclides used in the trial as an example are ¹²⁴I (PET) and ¹³¹I (SPECT). In both cases, whole-body tomographic SPECT and PET imaging with accompanying low-dose CT are required. PET accuracy is based on calibrating the dose calibrator to produce quantitative images for radionuclides other than ¹⁸F, with all images reconstructed on each individual site’s PET systems. For SPECT, an independent sensitivity measurement is made and then used to calibrate the SPECT images reconstructed at the core laboratory. After calibration, the final testing for both PET and SPECT uses the NEMA NU-2 IEC image-quality phantom to derive several metrics including quantitative accuracy based on an average SUV (SUV_avg). <strong>Results:</strong> Using the method described, 7 sites in Australia have been qualified for 10 PET/CT scanners using ¹²⁴I imaging and 8 SPECT/CT systems for ¹³¹I. One PET/CT system was found to give a result outside the specification of an SUV_avg of 1.0 ± 0.05. All SPECT/CT systems gave an SUV_avg accurate to within ±10% (SUV_mean, 1.0 ± 0.1) of the true value for reconstructed radioactivity concentration in Bq/cm³. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> A general methodology has been developed to calibrate and validate PET and SPECT systems for quantitative imaging in clinical trials. The preparation of the test objects and the procedures is relatively simple and can generally be implemented by the staff at the site of the imaging center with the equipment supplied by the clinical trials organization.</p>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging Demyelinated Axons After Spinal Cord Injuries with PET Tracer [18F]3F4AP","authors":"Karla M. Ramos-Torres, Sara Conti, Yu-Peng Zhou, Amal Tiss, Celine Caravagna, Kazue Takahashi, Miao He, Moses Q. Wilks, Sophie Eckl, Yang Sun, Jason Biundo, Kuang Gong, Zhigang He, Clas Linnman, Pedro Brugarolas","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268242","url":null,"abstract":"<sec><st>Visual Abstract</st><p><fig loc=\"float\"><link locator=\"jnumed.124.268242absf1\"></fig></p></sec>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Borderline Findings in O-(2-[18F]-Fluoroethyl)-l-Tyrosine PET of Patients with Suspected Glioma Relapse: Role in Clinical Practice","authors":"Karl-Josef Langen, Gabriele Stoffels, Christian P. Filss, Martin Kocher, Christoph Lerche, Michael Sabel, Marion Rapp, Hosai Noltemeier, Jan-Michael Werner, Garry Ceccon, Michael M. Wollring, Jurij Rosen, Joachim P. Steinbach, Elke Hattingen, Martin R. Weinzierl, Michael Stoffel, Hans Clusmann, N. Jon Shah, Felix M. Mottaghy, Norbert Galldiks, Philipp Lohmann","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268768","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the most common clinical indications for amino acid PET using the tracer <em>O</em>-(2-[¹⁸F]-fluoroethyl)-<span>l</span>-tyrosine (¹⁸F-FET) is the differentiation of tumor relapse from treatment-related changes in patients with gliomas. A subset of patients may present with an uptake of ¹⁸F-FET close to recommended threshold values. The goal of this study was to investigate the frequency of borderline cases and the role of quantitative ¹⁸F-FET PET parameters in this situation. <strong>Methods:</strong> We retrospectively identified 439 patients with pretreated gliomas who underwent ¹⁸F-FET PET for suspected tumor relapse and in whom the final diagnoses were confirmed by histopathology (<em>n</em> = 175) or clinical course (<em>n</em> = 264). Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians, masked to the final diagnoses, evaluated visually the PET scans by consensus. The findings were classified into 3 categories: clearly positive findings, borderline findings, or clearly negative findings. The diagnostic performance of established ¹⁸F-FET PET parameters (i.e., tumor-to-brain ratio [TBR], time-to-peak ratio, slope, intercept) was evaluated separately for these 3 groups using receiver operating characteristics analyses. <strong>Results:</strong> In the visual analysis, ¹⁸F-FET uptake was classified as clearly negative in 67 patients (15%), clearly positive in 234 patients (53%), and borderline in 136 patients (31%), with averaged mean TBR values of 1.5, 2.3, and 1.9, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed a high accuracy for TBR values in patients rated as clearly positive or negative in visual rating (area under curve [AUC], 0.84–0.86), whereas the diagnostic performance of TBR values in borderline cases according to visual analysis was significantly lower (AUC, &lt;0.60). Using TBR values ± 10% above or below the cutoff values increased the AUC by approximately 10% (AUC, 0.82–0.84). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> A considerable number of patients may present with borderline findings in ¹⁸F-FET PET. In these patients, quantitative parameters should be used with caution for decision-making. The use of TBR values above or below the range of the cutoff values ±10% may increase the reliability of quantitative parameters to differentiate between tumor relapse and treatment-related changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Characterization via Molecular Imaging, Longitudinal Multisite Sampling, and Autoptic Work-up in Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing SSTR-Directed Radiopharmaceutical Therapy","authors":"Johanna S. Enke, Nic G. Reitsam, Sebastian Dintner, Friederike Liesche-Starnecker, Tina Schaller, Josua A. Decker, Angela Langer, Eva Sipos, Ana Antic Nikolic, Thomas Kröncke, Martin Trepel, Constantin Lapa, Rainer Claus, Bruno Märkl, Ralph A. Bundschuh","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268513","url":null,"abstract":"<sec><st>Visual Abstract</st><p><fig loc=\"float\"><link locator=\"jnumed.124.268513absf1\"></fig></p></sec>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosimetry Software for Theranostic Applications: Current Capabilities and Future Prospects","authors":"Adam L. Kesner, Julia Brosch-Lenz, Jonathan Gear, Michael Lassmann","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268998","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dosimetry is integral to informed implementation of radiopharmaceutical therapies, enabling personalized treatment planning and ensuring patient safety by calculating absorbed doses to organs and tumors. As the therapeutic radiopharmaceutical field continues to expand, dosimetry software has emerged as a crucial tool for optimization of treatment efficacy. This review discusses key features and capabilities that current dosimetry software solutions have or should have in the future. We highlight the need for standardization across platforms to support consistent and accurate dose calculations. Furthermore, we explore opportunities for advancing software, such as incorporating biologically effective dose modeling and improving uncertainty quantification. Looking ahead, we advocate for expanding infrastructure for open data sets and fostering ongoing collaboration between vendors and end users to guide the field toward greater integration and efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Head-to-Head Comparison of 18F-PSMA PET/CT and 18F-NaF PET/CT for Assessing Bone Metastases in 160 Patients with Newly Diagnosed High-Risk Prostate Cancer","authors":"Claus Madsen, Dan Fuglø, Maria Pedersen, Rikke Broholm, Peter B. Østergren, Rasmus Bisbjerg, Per Kongsted, Kayalvili Nielsen, Christian Haarmark, Helle Zacho","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268275","url":null,"abstract":"<sec><st>Visual Abstract</st><p><fig loc=\"float\"><link locator=\"jnumed.124.268275absf1\"></fig></p></sec>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"177Lu-DOTATATE Plus Capecitabine Versus 177Lu-DOTATATE Alone in Patients with Advanced Grade 1/2 Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (LuCAP): A Randomized, Phase 2 Trial","authors":"Swayamjeet Satapathy, Piyush Aggarwal, Ashwani Sood, Kunal R. Chandekar, Chandan K. Das, Rajesh Gupta, Divya Khosla, Namrata Das, Rakesh Kapoor, Rajender Kumar, Harmandeep Singh, Jaya Shukla, Ajay Kumar, Bhagwant Rai Mittal","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268617","url":null,"abstract":"<p>¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE has emerged as a viable treatment strategy for advanced well-differentiated grade 1/2 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). Few retrospective studies have shown concomitant ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE with radiosensitizing low-dose capecitabine to be effective in advanced NETs. However, this has not been validated in prospective randomized-controlled trials. <strong>Methods:</strong> In this investigator-initiated, parallel-group, open-label, phase 2 trial, patients with grade 1/2 GEP-NETs, having progressive somatostatin receptor–positive, locally advanced, or metastatic disease on ⁶⁸Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT, were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE plus capecitabine (experimental arm) or ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE only (control arm). ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE was administered at approximately 7.4 GBq/cycle intravenously, for up to 4 cycles, at 8 wk intervals, whereas capecitabine was given at 1,250 mg/m²/d orally from day 0 to day 14 of each cycle of ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate. Secondary endpoints included the disease control rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, and adverse events. <strong>Results:</strong> Seventy-two patients (median age, 53 y; range, 18–79 y) were enrolled. The objective response rate was 33.3% (95% CI, 18.6–50.9%) in the experimental arm versus 30.6% (95% CI, 16.4–48.1%) in the control arm (<em>P</em> = 0.800). The disease control rate was 88.9% (95% CI, 73.9–96.9%) and 91.7% (95% CI, 77.5–98.2%) in the experimental and control arms, respectively (<em>P</em> = 1.000). The estimated median progression-free survival in the experimental arm was 29 mo (95% CI, 22–29 mo) versus 31 mo (95% CI, 29–32 mo) in the control arm (<em>P</em> = 0.401). The median overall survival was not reached in either arm (<em>P</em> = 0.876). Overall, adverse events of at least grade 3 were noted in 7 patients in the experimental arm versus 6 patients in the control arm (<em>P</em> = 0.759). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Based on the results of this trial, the addition of low-dose capecitabine to ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE in advanced grade 1/2 GEP-NETs did not lead to superior radiographic responses. Further studies are needed to evaluate its potential role in high-grade NETs.</p>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated Appropriate Use Criteria for Amyloid and Tau PET: A Report from the Alzheimer’s Association and Society for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Workgroup","authors":"Gil D. Rabinovici, David S. Knopman, Javier Arbizu, Tammie L.S. Benzinger, Kevin J. Donohoe, Oskar Hansson, Peter Herscovitch, Phillip H. Kuo, Jennifer H. Lingler, Satoshi Minoshima, Melissa E. Murray, Julie C. Price, Stephen P. Salloway, Christopher J. Weber, Maria C. Carrillo, Keith A. Johnson","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268756","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Alzheimer&rsquo;s Association and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging convened a multidisciplinary workgroup to update appropriate use criteria (AUC) for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and to develop AUC for tau PET. <b>Methods:</b> The workgroup identified key research questions that guided a systematic literature review on clinical amyloid/tau PET. Building on this review, the workgroup developed 17 clinical scenarios in which amyloid or tau PET may be considered. A modified Delphi approach was used to rate each scenario by consensus as \"rarely appropriate,\" \"uncertain,\" or \"appropriate.\" Ratings were performed separately for amyloid and tau PET as stand-alone modalities. <b>Results:</b> For amyloid PET, 7 scenarios were rated as appropriate, 2 as uncertain, and 8 as rarely appropriate. For tau PET, 5 scenarios were rated as appropriate, 6 as uncertain, and 6 as rarely appropriate. <b>Conclusion:</b> AUC for amyloid and tau PET provide expert recommendations for clinical use of these technologies in the evolving landscape of diagnostics and therapeutics for Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserved Serotonin Transporter Availability in Parkinson Disease Measured with Either [11C]MADAM or [11C]DASB: A Study Including 2 Separate Cohorts of Nondepressed Patients","authors":"Minyoung Oh, Joachim Brumberg, Vesna Sossi, Andrea Varrone","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268233","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Serotonin transporter (SERT) availability was assessed using 2 tracers, [¹¹C]<em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio)benzylamine ([¹¹C]DASB) and [¹¹C]<em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-fluoromethylphenylthio)benzylamine) ([¹¹C]MADAM), in independent cohorts of patients and controls. This study aimed to independently confirm whether SERT remains intact in nondepressed individuals with early-stage Parkinson disease (PD), because the use of diverse methodologies could potentially yield disparate results. <strong>Methods:</strong> Seventeen PD patients (5 women and 12 men; age, 64 ± 7 y; Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor score, 23 ± 5; Beck Depression Inventory score, 5 ± 4) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent [¹¹C]MADAM PET at Karolinska Institutet. Fifteen PD patients (5 women and 10 men; age, 59 ± 9 y; Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor score, 15 ± 7; Beck Depression Inventory score, 4 ± 4) and 8 controls were examined with [¹¹C]DASB PET at the University of British Columbia. PET scans were performed at both institutions using a high-resolution research tomograph. A simplified reference tissue model and Logan graphical analysis were used to calculate the regional nondisplaceable binding potential (BP_ND), using the cerebellum as the reference. Parametric BP_ND images were generated using wavelet-aided parametric imaging. MRI-defined volumes of interest included cortical and subcortical regions, as well as brain stem nuclei. <strong>Results:</strong> There were no significant differences between controls and early-stage PD patients in either the [¹¹C]DASB or the [¹¹C]MADAM cohort, regardless of the analysis method. Group differences (Cohen <em>d</em>) in the [¹¹C]DASB cohort ranged from 0.34 to 0.86 in brain stem nuclei, 0.09 to 0.61 in subcortical regions, and 0.28 to 0.70 in cortical regions. In the [¹¹C]MADAM cohort, they ranged from 0.16 to 0.40, 0.19 to 0.55, and 0.32 to 0.61, respectively. Logan BP_ND highly correlated with simplified reference tissue model BP_ND for both tracers in each group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> SERT availability is relatively preserved in nondepressed patients with PD. This study suggests that serotonergic degeneration is not a major feature of the disease in nondepressed patients with nonadvanced disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-in-Human Study of [11C]NCGG401 for Imaging Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptors in the Brain","authors":"Aya Ogata, Hiroshi Ikenuma, Fumihiko Yasuno, Takashi Nihashi, Saori Hattori, Yayoi Sato, Masanori Ichise, Kengo Ito, Takashi Kato, Yasuyuki Kimura","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.124.268699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268699","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microglia, the immune cells in the brain, play a significant role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. To visualize these cells in the living brain, we developed a PET ligand, [¹¹C]NCGG401 (4-{2-[((1<em>R</em>,2<em>R</em>)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)(methyl)amino]benzothiazol-6-yloxy}-<em>N</em>-methylpicolinamide, NCGG401), that targets colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). In this study, we present the first-in-human evaluation of [¹¹C]NCGG401 to assess its safety profile and then to evaluate its kinetics to quantify CSF1R in the human brain. <strong>Methods:</strong> Head to upper thigh PET scans were conducted in 3 healthy men to estimate the effective dose of [¹¹C]NCGG401. Brain PET scans were performed on 6 healthy men, combined with arterial blood sampling and metabolite analyses. Compartmental and graphical models were used to quantify CSF1R in the human brain. [¹¹C]NCGG401 PET data were indirectly compared with regional CSF1R protein levels after death that were reported in a proteomics study. In addition, the results of this study were directly compared with the PET imaging of 18-kDa translocator protein using [¹¹C]DPA-713 (<em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-diethyl-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]acetamide, DPA-713). <strong>Results:</strong> The administration of [¹¹C]NCGG401 did not result in severe adverse events. The effective doses per injected activity were 5.1 ± 0.2 µSv/MBq for men and 6.1 ± 0.3 µSv/MBq for women. [¹¹C]NCGG401 demonstrated good brain permeability, with peak uptake reaching an SUV of 3. Regional total distribution volumes were reliably quantified using the 2-tissue compartment model and a Logan plot with 60 min of scan data. The resulting parametric images reflected the known distribution of CSF1R in the brain. Furthermore, regional total distribution volume values of [¹¹C]NCGG401 showed good correlation with regional CSF1R protein levels. The [¹¹C]NCGG401 images showed regional distributions different from those of [¹¹C]DPA-713. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> [¹¹C]NCGG401 images appear to reflect regional microglia-specific distributions of CSF1R in the brain, consistent with the findings of a CSF1R proteomics study by others. However, ultimate confirmation of specific CSF1R binding should be validated by evaluating, in suitable preclinical or human experiments, pharmacologic blockade of its binding in the brain in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}