The Journal of Nuclear Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Biologic Definition of Parkinson Disease: A Pivotal Role for Molecular Imaging.","authors":"Matthias Brendel,Henryk Barthel,Günter U Höglinger","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.125.271573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.125.271573","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we outline the ongoing conceptual transition of Parkinson disease (PD) from a clinically defined syndrome to a biologically defined disorder. We synthesize recent advances in neuropathology, genetics, and biomarker research, with particular emphasis on the central role of molecular imaging within emerging biology-based frameworks. We discuss how established imaging biomarkers-including dopaminergic imaging, [18F]FDG PET, and cardiac [123I]MIBG scintigraphy-provide objective in vivo measures of neurodegeneration that complement α-synuclein seed amplification assays and genetic stratification. In addition, we review the current state of α-synuclein PET tracer development and critically evaluate its potential to enable direct visualization of disease-defining pathology in vivo. We highlight the growing importance of biomarker-driven classification systems for patient stratification and the design of trials of disease-modifying therapies in PD. At the same time, we address key scientific, methodologic, and ethical challenges associated with implementing biologically grounded disease definitions. Together, these developments position molecular imaging as a cornerstone of future precision medicine approaches in PD.","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[177Lu]Lu-AKIR001 for CD44v6-Positive Pancreatic Cancer: Preclinical Efficacy and Combination Strategies.","authors":"Amanda Gustafsson,Hedvig Svedberg,Sara S Rinne,Filippa Bertilsson,Ram Kumar Selvaraju,Anja C Lundgren Mortensen,Cecilia Lindskog,Marika Nestor","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.125.271705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.125.271705","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly aggressive, with a 5-y survival rate of less than 5% for patients with advanced disease. CD44v6 is frequently overexpressed in the malignancy, representing a promising therapeutic target. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-AKIR001, a CD44v6-targeting radiopharmaceutical, alone and combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of PDAC. Methods: CD44v6 expression, radioligand binding, and chemotherapy sensitivity were assessed in PDAC cell lines. Mice bearing PDAC xenografts received [177Lu]Lu-AKIR001, chemotherapy, or a combination of the two modalities. Toxicity was determined by body weight monitoring and hematologic and organ analyses. Results: Three of the 4 cell lines expressed CD44v6. In vivo, tumor uptake exceeded 100 %IA/g. Tumor growth inhibition was activity-dependent, with complete remissions detected after the administration of 12 MBq of [177Lu]Lu-AKIR001 (40%) and 4 MBq of [177Lu]Lu-AKIR001 combined with paclitaxel (14%). Conclusion: [177Lu]Lu-AKIR001 demonstrated activity-dependent therapeutic potential in mice bearing PDAC xenografts. Combination therapy with paclitaxel indicated potential synergistic benefit, but further investigation and optimization are warranted.","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA I&T in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: An Analysis of Safety, Tolerability, and Dosimetry.","authors":"Sui Wai Ling,Mark Konijnenberg,Marcel Segbers,Eline Hooijman,Stijn Koolen,Erik de Blois,Linda C De Jong,Andrea van Puffelen,Quido de Lussanet de la Sabloniere,Frank Bruchertseifer,Elena Livia Chilug,Alfred Morgenstern,Astrid van der Veldt,Tessa Brabander","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.125.271880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.125.271880","url":null,"abstract":"Radiopharmaceutical therapy with 225Ac-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (225Ac-PSMA) has shown promising results in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). To date, no phase 1 dose-escalation or comprehensive dosimetry study of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA I&T is available. Here, we present the results of the safety, tolerability, and dosimetry data of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA I&T in a phase 1 trial. Methods: Nine patients with mCRPC were treated with an intended 2 cycles of escalating activity of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA I&T, ranging from 8 to 12 MBq. After treatment with [225Ac]Ac-PSMA I&T, patients were closely monitored for adverse events. Tumor response was evaluated using [68Ga]Ga-PSMA I&T PET/MRI at 14 wk after therapy in accordance with RECIST version 1.1. For dosimetry, blood sampling was performed at 13 time points up to 7 d and urine sampling was conducted up to 24 h postinjection. Time-activity curves were calculated using the radionuclide daughters 213Bi and 221Fr. Whole-body planar images with or without SPECT/CT images were acquired up to 10 d postinjection. Results: Adverse events of any grade were observed in 8 of 9 patients. Xerostomia was most frequently (89%) reported, followed by anemia (44%) and malaise (44%). In the third cohort of patients who were treated with 12 MBq, 2 dose-limiting toxicities were observed, resulting in a recommended phase 2 dose of 10 MBq. The median overall survival was 15 mo (95% CI, 0.0-32.5 mo). The median absorbed doses for red marrow, kidneys, salivary glands, and tumors were 0.21, 1.59, 1.43, and 11.22 Gy/MBq, respectively, on the basis of planar images, blood and urine analysis, and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA I&T PET/MRI. Dosimetry based on quantitative SPECT/CT images was not feasible for 225Ac. A prostate-specific antigen response of 50% or greater was observed in 4 (44%) of 9 patients. Response was classified in accordance with RECIST 1.1, with partial response in 1 patient and stable and progressive disease in 3 patients each; 2 patients were not evaluable. Conclusion: The results of this phase 1 trial indicate a recommended phase 2 dose of 10 MBq of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA I&T. Dosimetry of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA I&T was limited to whole-body planar images and blood and urine samples. However, the optimization of 225Ac SPECT/CT imaging may enable future dosimetry of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA I&T.","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PET Imaging of Accessible Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Reveals Dose-Dependent and Tumor Burden-Driven Variability.","authors":"Akhilesh Mishra,Ala Lisok,Ronnie C Mease,Zora Nováková,Kuldeep Gupta,Ajay Kumar Sharma,Martin G Pomper,Cyril Bařinka,Sridhar Nimmagadda","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.125.271053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.125.271053","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an attractive target for detection and treatment of prostate cancer because of its high, selective expression in tumors. However, PSMA-targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have seen limited clinical efficacy compared with small-molecule radiopharmaceuticals. We used [18F]DCFPyL PET imaging to investigate PSMA dynamics after treatment with a naked anti-PSMA antibody (5D3), aiming to generate insights that could inform dosing strategies for ADCs and other PSMA-targeted antibody therapies. Methods: We evaluated the effect of 5D3 on [18F]DCFPyL PSMA binding in vitro at 4 and 37 °C in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells. In vivo, we assessed the dose-dependent effects of 5D3 (0.3-30 mg/kg) on accessible PSMA levels using PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in both prostatic and nonprostatic (SKMEL3) tumor models. Immunohistochemistry was performed to validate PET and ex vivo findings. Spatial distribution of [18F]DCFPyL within tumors was analyzed. Finally, we examined how time (1-5 d) and tumor burden (TB; 1 vs. 3 tumors) influenced accessible PSMA levels at low (1 mg/kg) and high (10 mg/kg) 5D3 doses. Results: 5D3 treatment led to a dose-dependent reduction in [18F]DCFPyL uptake at 37 °C (>98% at 50 nM 5D3) but only a marginal reduction at 4 °C (<20% at 50 nM). In vivo, accessible PSMA levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner in both tumor models. Spatial analysis revealed uniform tracer distribution in untreated tumors but marked heterogeneity after 5D3 treatment. Kinetic analysis showed that 5D3-mediated PSMA reduction was dose-dependent but transient at all doses. Reduction patterns were consistent across lesions; however, for a given dose, higher TB resulted in higher residual accessible PSMA levels. Conclusion: We demonstrated the value of PSMA PET to quantify PSMA pharmacodynamics after antibody therapy. These findings provide a framework for dosing PSMA-targeted antibodies and may inform strategies to improve the performance of ADCs and other antibody-based therapeutics, particularly in patients with high TB.","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Value of [18F]Flotufolastat PET Using Visual RECIP in Docetaxel-Treated Metastatic Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Sonja Kirchhoff,Bernd Erber,Isabel Rauscher,Daniel Sasse,Theo Lorenzini,Maximilian Keck,Kristina Schwamborn,Florian Siegel,Janina Werner,Florian Kirchhoff,Wolfgang Weber,Matthias Eiber,Stephan Beintner-Skawran","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.125.271488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.125.271488","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to assess the prognostic value of [18F]flotufolastat PET in patients with metastatic prostate cancer during taxane-based chemotherapy (CTx). Methods: In total, 69 patients who received CTx as well as baseline and follow-up [18F]flotufolastat PET/CT scans were included. Imaging response was assessed by visual RECIP 1.0 dichotomized into progressive disease (PD) and non-PD. Biochemical response was defined as a prostate-specific antigen decrease of greater than 50% (castration-resistant) or a decline to less than 0.2 ng/mL (hormone-sensitive). Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed regarding overall survival, and the Harrell concordance index was calculated. Results: Patients with PD showed a significantly shorter median overall survival of 12 mo (95% CI, 8.3 mo to not reached) compared with non-PD (45 mo; 95% CI, 37 mo to not reached). The Harrell concordance index for RECIP (0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.97; P < 0.001) was higher than biochemical response (0.66; 95% CI, 0.49-0.84; P = 0.07). Conclusion: [18F]flotufolastat PET assessed using visual RECIP has high prognostic utility in patients with metastatic prostate cancer undergoing CTx.","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Patients Treated with 177Lu-PSMA Combination Therapies.","authors":"Joanna C Chan,Mitchell T Carroll,Nadia Hitchen,Jo Hudson,Louise K Kostos,Pratheepan Puvanakumar,Sevastjian Kranz,Mark Tiong,Lewis Au,James P Buteau,Price Jackson,Arun A Azad,Michael S Hofman,Irene Ruderman,Shahneen Sandhu","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.126.272085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.126.272085","url":null,"abstract":"Over a period of 10 y, our center treated 766 patients with prostate cancer using 177Lu-PSMA (177Lu-PSMA-617 or 177Lu-PSMA I&T). We report 5 cases of 177Lu-PSMA-induced thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we reviewed data from all patients at our center who developed histologically confirmed renal TMA after 177Lu-PSMA. Clinical, biochemical, and treatment details were summarized descriptively. Results: TMA occurred 9-20 mo after initiating 177Lu-PSMA therapy. Four patients had a normal baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (>90 mL/min/1.73 m2). All patients developed progressive renal impairment with biopsy-proven chronic TMA. Glomerular endothelial PSMA expression was observed in 2 of 3 cases, suggesting a potential on-target mechanism of injury via an increased cumulative organ dose of 177Lu-PSMA. The cumulative renal absorbed dose ranged from 38.6 to 65.3 Gy, and the renal absorbed dose per cycle ranged from 5.4 to 12.4 Gy. Two patients received complement inhibition with eculizumab, which improved hematologic features without meaningful renal recovery. Conclusion: 177Lu-PSMA-associated TMA is a rare but a potentially severe complication of treatment. The contribution of initial versus cumulative renal absorbed dose remains unclear, and early dosimetry may help identify at-risk patients.","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Anatomy to Theranostics: Toni Choueiri Talks with Ken Herrmann About the Evolution of Genitourinary Oncology.","authors":"Toni K Choueiri,Ken Herrmann","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.126.272728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.126.272728","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Spatial Profiling of Antibody Delivery and Target Engagement Using Optically Labeled Antibodies.","authors":"Hidenori Tanaka,Georgii Vasiukov,Candace J Grisham,Mabrooka Kazi,Shravan Gowrishankar,Eben L Rosenthal","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.125.271992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.125.271992","url":null,"abstract":"Visualization of drug distribution in human tumors is critical for optimizing biologic therapeutics, yet current clinical workflows cannot colocalize drugs and biomarkers on the same formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded section. Methods: We present a reproducible workflow that integrates near-infrared imaging of optically labeled therapeutic antibodies with multiplex immunostaining and computational registration to enable quantitative, single-cell analysis. Results: Using panitumumab-IRDye800CW, we demonstrated heterogeneous accumulation in epidermal growth factor receptor-positive regions and quantified penetration gradients relative to tumor architecture. Conclusion: We established a multiplex imaging platform that enables single-cell analysis of therapeutic antibody delivery and pharmacodynamics in human formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Head-to-Head Comparison of Fibroblast Imaging with [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT and [18F]FDG PET/CT in Unclear Hepatic Lesions.","authors":"Susanne Stanzel,Tina Nazerani-Zemann,Friedrich Weitzer,Elisabeth Plhak,Ariane Aigelsreiter,Thomas Kuenzer,Herbert Kvaternik,Jasminka Igrec,Jan Bucerius","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.125.271597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.125.271597","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare the performance of 68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor 46 ([68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46) PET/CT and [18F]FDG PET/CT in characterizing unclear hepatic lesions. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 59 patients with suspected intrahepatic lesions. Tumor radiologic features, pathology, or follow-up examinations were assessed as reference methods in correlation with PET scans. On [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT, additional abdominal dynamic imaging was performed. We measured the SUV and calculated tumor-to-liver background ratios for both scans. Fibroblast activation protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in samples obtained from 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma/cholangiocarcinoma, intrahepatic metastases (IMs) from extrahepatic malignancies, or benign lesions. Results: Primary hepatobiliary tumors (PHBTs), including 76 hepatocellular carcinomas in 22 patients, 24 cholangiocarcinomas in 5 patients, 136 IMs in 16 patients, and 55 benign lesions in 16 patients, were determined by histology (n = 162) and radiologic examinations (n = 129). On the basis of visual analysis, 44 patients showed elevated [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 uptake (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 94%), whereas 32 patients showed [18F]FDG-avid lesions (sensitivity, 70%; specificity, 88%). Sensitivity was significantly higher in [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT than in [18F]FDG PET/CT (P < 0.001). Fifty (90.9%) benign liver lesions in 14 patients (87.5%) showed negligible uptake on both PET scans, and 1 (1.8%) benign liver lesion in 1 patient showed increased [18F]FDG uptake alone. [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT revealed 10 extrahepatic primary tumors, versus 3 in [18F]FDG PET/CT. SUVmax for PHBTs, maximum tumor-to-background ratio for PHBTs, and mean tumor-to-background ratio for PHBTs were significantly higher on [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT than on [18F]FDG PET/CT (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT is superior to [18F]FDG PET/CT in characterizing unclear hepatic lesions.","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147695099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ICOS-Targeted Peptide Imaging Informs Therapeutic Response of STING Agonist in Lung Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Shao Duan,Boyu Tan,Yuqiang Mao,Yue Zhang,Hongyue Lou,Xiaonan Wei,Chunrong Qu,Chao Li,Chengwei Jing,Yifei Xia,Zengping Duan,Zhen Cheng,Chuanliu Wu,Zunyu Xiao","doi":"10.2967/jnumed.125.271193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.125.271193","url":null,"abstract":"The innovation of cancer immunotherapy is improving clinical theranostics for lung cancer. Given the variation of therapeutic effects among patients, there is an urgent need to develop novel tools for precisely evaluating immune responses. Methods: Herein, we first described the potential of the inducible costimulator (ICOS) as a promising imaging biomarker for assessing cancer immunotherapy through multiple omics datasets and subsequently developed 68Ga-DOTA-ICOSpep, a novel peptide-based PET tracer targeting human ICOS. We characterized ICOS expression patterns via flow cytometry and immunofluorescence and performed 68Ga-DOTA-ICOSpep PET imaging and cytokine testing on humanized A549 cell line-derived mouse models receiving cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate and diABZI stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist treatment. Results: 68Ga-DOTA-ICOSpep could capture human ICOS-positive activated T cells with high specificity in vivo, which was validated via linear regression analysis between tumor PET region-of-interest quantifications against ICOS immunohistochemistry staining as well as a CD3 depletion study. Conclusion: ICOS PET imaging enabled precise evaluation of therapeutic responses and increased proinflammatory cytokine release induced by the STING agonist. Our data demonstrated that ICOS is a robust biomarker for assessing immune responses, and 68Ga-DOTA-ICOSpep PET imaging is a reliable tool for predicting and monitoring therapeutic effects of cancer immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma.","PeriodicalId":22820,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147695101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}