Frontiers Digit. Humanit.最新文献

{"title":"Visibility Network Patterns and Methods for Studying Visual Relational Phenomena in Archeology","authors":"Tom Brughmans, U. Brandes","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2017.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00017","url":null,"abstract":"A review of the archaeological and non-archaeological use of visibility networks reveals the use of a limited range of formal techniques, in particular for representing visibility theories. This paper aims to contribute to the study of complex visual relational phenomena in landscape archaeology by proposing a range of visibility network patterns and methods. We propose first- and second-order visibility graph representations of total and cumulative viewsheds, and two-mode representations of cumulative viewsheds. We present network patterns that can be used to represent aspects of visibility theories, and that can be used in statistical simulation models to compare theorised networks with observed networks. We argue for the need to incorporate observed visibility network density in these simulation models, by illustrating strong differences in visibility network density in three example landscapes. The approach is illustrated through a brief case study of visibility networks of long barrows in Cranborne Chase.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115651844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concepts and Challenges in Digital Scholarship","authors":"E. Scanlon","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2017.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00015","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of digital scholarship is much discussed. Most writing on scholarship takes its cue from the work of Boyer (1990). Boyer was a senior figure in higher education, at one point Chancellor of the State University of New York who developed an account of what it means to be a scholar. He developed a view on teaching and research activities in the modern university and came up with a conceptualization of scholarship encompassing four-dimensional functions....","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126579460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Core Literature of the Historians of Venice","authors":"Giovanni Colavizza","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2017.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00014","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades the humanities have been accumulating a growing body of literature at an increasing pace. How does this impact their traditional organization into disciplines and fields of research therein? This article considers history, by examining a citation network among recent monographs on the history of Venice. The resulting network is almost connected, clusters of monographs are identifiable according to specific disciplinary areas (history, history of architecture, history of arts) or periods of time (middle ages, early modern, modern history), and a map of the recent trends in the field is sketched. Most notably a set of highly-cited works emerges as the core literature of the historians of Venice. This core literature comprises a mix of primary sources, works of reference and scholarly monographs, and is important in keeping the field connected: monographs usually cite a combination of few core and a variety of less well-cited works. Core primary sources and works of reference never age, while core scholarly monographs are replaced at a very slow rate by new ones. The reliance of new publications on the core literature is slowly rising over time, as the field gets increasingly more varied.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133836352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wiring the Past: A Network Science Perspective on the Challenge of Archeological Similarity Networks","authors":"L. Prignano, Ignacio Morer, A. Díaz-Guilera","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2017.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00013","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, it is a common knowledge that scholars from different disciplines, regardless of the specificities of their research domains, can find in network science a valuable ally when tackling complexity. However, there are many difficulties that may arise, starting from the process of mapping a system onto a network which is not by any means a trivial step. This paper deals with those issues inherent to the specific challenge of building a network from archaeological data, focusing in particular on networks of archaeological contexts. More specifically, we address technical difficulties faced when constructing networks of contexts or sites where past interactions are inferred based on some kind of similarity between the corresponding assemblages (Archaeological Similarity Networks or ASN). We propose a basic characterization in formal terms of ASN as a well defined class of networks with its own specific features. Throughout the paper, we devote special attention to the problem of quantifying the similarity between sites, especially in relation with the ubiquitous issues of data incompleteness and the reliability of the inferred ties. We argue that, generally speaking, human past studies are quite disconnected from the rest of interdisciplinary applications of network science and that this prevent this field from fully exploiting the potential of such methods. Our goal is to give hints about which are the interesting questions that archaeological applications put on the table of networks scientists","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126881605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Big Data of the Past","authors":"F. Kaplan, Isabella diLenardo","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2017.00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00012","url":null,"abstract":"Big Data is not a new phenomenon. History is punctuated by regimes of data acceleration, characterized by feelings of information overload, social transformation and invention of new technologies. During these moments, private organizations, administrative powers and sometimes isolated individuals have produced important datasets organized following a - now often superseded but nevertheless - coherent logic. To be translated into relevant sources of information about our past, these document series need to be redocumented using contemporary paradigms. The intellectual, methodological and technological challenges linked with this translation process are the central subject of this article.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123775937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Going Beyond the Classic News Narrative Convention: The Background to and Challenges of Immersion in Journalism","authors":"Eva Domínguez","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2017.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00010","url":null,"abstract":"The disappearance of the screen’s physical barrier, the fourth wall, challenges many of the narrative conventions traditionally used in the traditional journalistic account. This is an area in which we are still taking the first steps, but these moves have already raised interesting narratological challenges. Technological development allows us not only to have the sensation of being elsewhere, but also of interacting with the storytelling elements. In this article, the author reviews the steps that have been taken up to the present time in the use of these platforms for news and shows the reflections carried out by disciplines connected with narrative construction on the challenges of this new way to tell the story of what is happening in the world. The implications of being inside the scene of the action and being able to interact with it means rethinking the conventions of audiovisual editing and the visual perspective of the audience, as well as the relevance of the three-dimensional nature of real sound and the freedom to act inside the story without modifying the real course of the events.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126013777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracting Coarse Body Movements from Video in Music Performance: A Comparison of Automated Computer Vision Techniques with Motion Capture Data","authors":"Kelly Jakubowski, T. Eerola, Paolo Alborno, G. Volpe, A. Camurri, M. Clayton","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2017.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00009","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement and tracking of body movement within musical performances can provide valuable sources of data for studying interpersonal interaction and coordination between musicians. The continued development of tools to extract such data from video recordings will offer new opportunities to research musical movement across a diverse range of settings, including field research and other ecological contexts in which the implementation of complex motion capture systems is not feasible or affordable. Such work might also make use of the multitude of video recordings of musical performances that are already available to researchers. The present study made use of such existing data, specifically, three video datasets of ensemble performances from different genres, settings, and instrumentation (a pop piano duo, three jazz duos, and a string quartet). Three different computer vision techniques were applied to these video datasets—frame differencing, optical flow, and kernelized correlation filters (KCF)—with the aim of quantifying and tracking movements of the individual performers. All three computer vision techniques exhibited high correlations with motion capture data collected from the same musical performances, with median correlation (Pearson’s r) values of .75 to .94. The techniques that track movement in two dimensions (optical flow and KCF) provided more accurate measures of movement than a technique that provides a single estimate of overall movement change by frame for each performer (frame differencing). Measurements of performer’s movements were also more accurate when the computer vision techniques were applied to more narrowly-defined regions of interest (head) than when the same techniques were applied to larger regions (entire upper body, above the chest or waist). Some differences in movement tracking accuracy emerged between the three video datasets, which may have been due to instrument-specific motions that resulted in occlusions of the body part of interest (e.g. a violinist’s right hand occluding the head whilst tracking head movement). These results indicate that computer vision techniques can be effective in quantifying body movement from videos of musical performances, while also highlighting constraints that must be dealt with when applying such techniques in ensemble coordination research.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"48 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126814138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Simple Set of Rules for Characters and Place Recognition in French Novels","authors":"Cyril Bornet, F. Kaplan","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2017.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00006","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes a simple system for automatically extracting and classifying named entities in French novels. The solution presented combines a set of different standalone classifiers within a meta-recognition system. The system is tested on 35 classic French novels, representing 5 million words and 3 700 names of people and places. The results demonstrate that although none of the standalone methods clearly outperform the others, their combined classification offers a robust solution in this context.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114484012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iberian Neolithic Networks: The Rise and Fall of the Cardial World","authors":"J. B. Aubán, Sergi Lozano, Salvador Pardo-Gordó","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2017.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00007","url":null,"abstract":"Recent approaches have described the evolutionary dynamics of the first Neolithic societies as a cycle of rise and fall. Several authors, using mainly c14 dates as a demographic proxy, identified a general pattern of a boom in population coincident with the arrival of food production economies followed by a rapid decline some centuries afterwards in multiple European regions. Concerning Iberia, we also noted that this phenomenon correlates with an initial development of archaeological entities (i.e., ‘cultures’) over large areas (e.g. the Impresso-Cardial in West Mediterranean), followed by a phase of ‘cultural fragmentation’ by the end of Early Neolithic. These results in a picture of higher cultural diversity as an effect of more limited spread of cultural artifacts. In this work we propose to apply a network approach to the analysis of material culture. In particular, we consider the spatiotemporal patterns of material culture as an emergent effect of interaction processes acting locally. As recent research has pointed out, the spatiotemporal variability of material culture is an emergent phenomena resulting of individual and group interactions whose structure resembles those of spatially-structured complex Networks. Our results suggest that the observed global patterns could be explained by the network dynamics, specially by structural (measured as the Betweenness Centrality) and geographical position of some nodes. The appearance and disappearance of nodes in specific positions correlates with the observed changes in the pattern of material culture distribution throughout the Early Neolithic (c. 7700-6700 cal BP) in East Iberia. In our view, this could be explained by the especial role played by those nodes facilitating or limiting the information flow over the entire network. Network growth and posterior fragmentation seem to be the key drivers behind these dynamics.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123139783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Attempt to Estimate the Impact of the Spread of Economic Flows on Latenian Urbanization1","authors":"Clara Filet","doi":"10.3389/fdigh.2016.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2016.00010","url":null,"abstract":"Over a relatively short period between the end of the 4th and the middle of the 1st century BC, an unprecedented process of urbanisation developed in non-Mediterranean Europe. Among all the factors contributing to the rise of the first agglomerations possessing urban characteristics in this area, this article focuses on the role of commercial interactions. The ability of settlements to interact within the trade network is approached by modelling of interactions. The aim is to provide new material to estimate the extent to which this factor could have impacted the known hierarchy of settlements on the one hand, and its role in the development of the Latenian urbanisation process on the other hand.","PeriodicalId":227954,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Digit. Humanit.","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127688450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}