The Japanese Journal of Genetics最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Gene Analysis of Common Wheat and its Ancestral Species, I. Necrosis","authors":"K. Tsunewaki, H. Kihara","doi":"10.1266/JJG.37.474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.37.474","url":null,"abstract":"1) It has been known that complementary necrosis in common wheat is mainly controlled by three genes, Ne1 located in chromosome 5B (V), Ne2 in 2A (XIII)and Ne3 in 3D (XVI). However, the B1 and F2 data from the cross T. macha subletshchumicum ×T. aestivum Chinese Spring indicated that a recessive gene in addition to the above-mentioned genes must be considered regarding the expression of necrosis.2) Relationships among various varieties of common wheat concerning necrosis are represented in the diagram of Fig. 2.3) Distribution of the three major genes in common wheat and its ancestors, Emmer wheat and Ae. squarrosa, was investigated using T. aestivum Prelude (Ne1ne2Ne3), T. aestivum Kharkov (ne1Ne2Ne3) and T. macha subletshchumicum (Ne1Ne2ne3) as test varieties.In Emmer wheat a majority of varieties were found to have the genotype Ne1ne2, while minor fractions were either ne1ne2 or Ne1Ne2.All strains of Ae. squarrosa so far tested had Ne3.In common wheat, most varieties were either ne1ne2Ne3 or ne1Ne2Ne3, while a small fraction were Ne1ne2Ne3. One variety only was found to be Ne1ne2ne3 and another only one to be Ne1Ne2ne3, both belonging to T. macha.4) From these results, the genotypes of Emmer wheat, that supplied the AB genomes to common wheat, are assumed to be Ne1ne2 or ne1ne2. T. dicoccoides spontaneo-nigrum, some forms of T. dicoccum, T. turgidum, T. persicum and T. orientale, and many varieties of T. durum have these genotypes.The donor of the D genome to common wheat must have possessed Ne3. All strains of Ae. squarrosa so far tested had this allele.5) The presumable hexaploid progenitor must have had either Ne1ne2Ne3 or ne1ne2Ne3. In common wheat, some forms of T. spelta, T. sphaerococcum, T. compactum and T. aestivum have these genotypes. T. macha, that is an exception in possessing the ne3 allele, is considered to be an isolated species among the hexaploids and seems not to have contributed to the origin of common wheat.6) It is suggested that Ne2 in common wheat originated at the hexaploid level rather than to have been derived from Emmer wheat. Possibility of selective advantage of Ne2 and disadvantage of Ne1 at the hexaploid level is suggested.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"45 1","pages":"474-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90215861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosomal locations of isocitrate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucoisomerase gene loci in shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group)","authors":"M. Shigyo, Y. Tashiro, S. Isshiki, S. Miyazaki","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.627","url":null,"abstract":"The chromosomal locations of isozyme gene loci encoding isocitrate dehy-drogenase (IDE) and phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) were investigated in shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group). The alien monosomic addition lines of A. fistulosum L. with the extra chromosomes (1A, 2A, 5A, 6A, 8A and other unidentified chromosomes) from A. cepa Aggregatum group were used as plant materials. Both gene loci, Idh-1 and Pgi-1, were located on the chromosome 5A. The present study established two new isozyme markers for the chromosome 5A in addition to the six previously reported isozyme markers for the chromosomes 1A, 2A, 6A and 8A.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"34 1","pages":"627-632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90747015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosomal locations of five isozyme gene loci (Lap-1, Got-1, 6-Pgdh-2, Adh-1 and Gdh-1) in shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group).","authors":"M. Shigyo, Y. Tashiro, S. Isshiki, S. Miyazaki","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.399","url":null,"abstract":"The chromosomal locations of isozyme gene loci encoding leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were investigated in shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group). The alien monosomic addition lines of A. fistulosum L. with the extra chromosomes (1A, 2A, 6A, 8A and other unidentified chromosomes) from A. cepa Aggregatum group were used for plant materials. The results revealed that the five gene loci, Lap-1, Got-1, 6-Pgdh-2, Adh-1 and Gdh-1, were located on the chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2A, 6A and 8A, respectively.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"28 1","pages":"399-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76012685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allozyme diversity and genetic structure in Korean populations of Eurya emarginata (Theaceae)","authors":"M. Chung, S. Kang","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.387","url":null,"abstract":"Levels of genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and gene flow in six Korean populations of Eurya emarginata were investigated based on allozyme variation using starch gel electrophoresis. Although most Korean populations are relatively small and isolated, with respect to their habitats, they maintain high levels of genetic variation. Fourteen of the 18 putative isozyme loci surveyed were polymorphic in at least one population. Overall, mean genetic diversity within populations (Hep = 0.296) was higher than those for most species with very similar life history traits. Analysis of fixation indices showed an overall slight deficiency of heterozygotes relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations (54% were positive). Although significant differences in allele frequencies among populations were found for all 14 polymorphic loci (P < 0.05), about 92% of the total variation in the species is common to all populations (GST=0.079). Indirect estimates of the number of migrants per generation (Nm) (2.02, calculated from the mean GST; 1.10, calculated from the mean frequency of six private alleles) indicate that gene movement among populations of E. emarginata is comparable with those for plants with similar life history traits. It is likely that factors such as dioecy, high fecundity, long generation time, and occurrence in late-successional forests may contribute to maintain high levels of genetic diversity within populations and low levels of genetic divergence between adjacent populations of the species.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"40 1","pages":"387-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77700508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytogenetic evidence for cryptic structural hybridity causing intraspecific hybrid sterility in Aegilops caudata L..","authors":"S. Ohta","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.355","url":null,"abstract":"To elucidate the mechanism causing the intraspecific hybrid sterility in Aegilops caudata, chromosome pairing and segregation at meiosis and fertility were examined in sterile F1 hybrids, a tetraploid derivative induced from one of the sterile hybrids, and their parental lines. The F1 hybrids showed a normal configuration and frequency of chromosome pairing at MI but was completely sterile. At AI, chromosomes consisting of two sister chromatids different in length were observed. The induced tetraploid was shown to be an autotetraploid based on the configuration and frequency of chromosome pairing at MI, and it showed incomplete but obvious restoration of fertility. From the results, it was strongly suggested that the intraspecific hybrid sterility observed in this species is a chromosomal sterility caused by cryptic structural hybridity defined by Stebbins (1945, 1950). However, the differences in chromosomal structure between parental lines are presumably not great enough to cause preferential pairing in the induced tetraploid. Ae. caudata, thus, most probably is considered to be just on the way to speciation due to cryptic chromosomal rearrangements.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"20 1","pages":"355-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73379973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SECTORING PATTERNS OF SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCED SOMATIC PINK MUTATIONS IN THE STAMEN HAIRS AND PETALS OF MUTABLE AND STABLE CLONES OF TRADESCANTIA","authors":"Marie Sanda-Kamigawara, M. Tomiyama, S. Ichikawa","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.339","url":null,"abstract":"The sectoring patterns of spontaneous and radiation- and EMS-induced somatic pink mutations were analyzed in the stamen hairs and petals of Tradescantia clones heterozygous for flower color (blue/pink). Spontaneous pink mutations were analyzed using clone KU 20 (a highly mutable clone especially at lower temperature) grown outdoors and clones KU 27 and BNL 02 (stable clones) grown under controlled environmental conditions, while induced pink mutations were analyzed using clones KU 27 and BNL 02 grown under the controlled environments. As for spontaneous mutations in the stamen hairs, the ratio of the number of single interstitial pink mutant events against that of single terminal pink mutant events was somewhat larger than 1 in all the three clones examined, indicating that somewhat more interstitial pink mutant events occur spontaneously than terminal pink mutant events. After treatments with X rays, gamma rays or EMS, however, the ratio increased to about 3 in the two clones examined, showing much more frequent inductions of interstitial pink mutant events than terminal pink mutant events by these mutagens. The daily changes of the sectoring patterns of radiation- and EMS-induced terminal pink mutant events in the stamen hairs showed a good accordance with the pattern of the stamen-hair development. Multiple pink mutant sectors in the same hairs were observed at much higher frequencies than expected from independent occurrences, especially in cases of spontaneous mutations in the mutable clone and of radiation-induced mutations in the two stable clones, suggesting the involvement of somatic recombinations. The sectoring patterns of radiation- and EMS-induced somatic pink mutations in the petals also showed daily changes which reflected the pattern of the flower-petal development.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"31 1","pages":"339-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86852645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct numerical variation of B-chromosomes among different tissues in Aegilops mutica Boiss","authors":"S. Ohta","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.93","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first report on the numerical variation of B-chromosomes (Bs) in Aegilops mutica based on the detailed cytological observations in different tissues of the same individuals. A total of 30 plants with 0B to 4Bs were examined in the seminal roots, adventitious roots, shoot apices and/or pollen mother cells (PMCs). Bs were stably found in the shoot apices and PMCs, while they were almost entirely absent from both the seminal and adventitious roots. Judging from this result, it was concluded that Bs of Ae. mutica were stably maintained in the germ line cells from fertilization to the beginning of meiosis. Further, it was suggested that they were eliminated during one or a few cell divisions at a specific stage of root differentiation, probably at an early stage of embryogeny for seminal roots and at an early stage of differentiation of adventitious roots from a central cylinder.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"2 1","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89216137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic analysis of interactions between Aegilops species and formae speciales of Erysiphe graminis","authors":"Y. Tosa, K. Matsumura, Takehiko Hosaka","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.127","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-five accessions of Aegilops species were inoculated with Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici, f. sp. secalis, and f. sp. agropyri. The pattern of resistance/susceptibility was various and similar to that between cultivars and races. Genetic analysis using the gene-for-gene relationship suggested that accessions of Ae.bicornis and Ae. cylindrica carry Pml5, a gene for resistance to f. sp. secalis and f. sp. agropyri found in the D genome of common wheat. Evolutionary implications of these results were discussed.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"117 1","pages":"127-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74428497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RAPD MARKERS LINKED TO THE TOMATO MOSAIC VIRUS RESISTANCE GENE, TM-1, IN TOMATO","authors":"T. Ohmori, M. Murata, F. Motoyoshi","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.179","url":null,"abstract":"Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were screened in two nearly isogenic lines (NILs) of tomato, one of which carried Tm-1 gene conferring resistance to tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and the other carried its susceptible allele. Among 1030 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products generated by using 220 different 10-base oligonucleotide primers, 12 fragments were polymorphic between the NILs. Six markers arbitrarily chosen from these 12 fragments were examined whether they link to the Tm-1 in 125 BC1 plants. No recombinations were detected between the five markers and the Tm-1. The other one marker was also proved to link to the Tm-1, but their genetic distance was not determined due to some difficulty in distinguishing the RAPD band from the adjacent PCR products.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"27 1","pages":"179-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89287556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flower production, stamen-hair growth, and spontaneous and induced somatic mutation frequencies in Tradescantia cuttings and shoots with roots cultivated with nutrient solutions","authors":"S. Ichikawa, N. Shima, L. Xiao, C. Matsuura-Endo, H. Harada, A. Yogo, M. Okumura","doi":"10.1266/JJG.70.585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1266/JJG.70.585","url":null,"abstract":"For establishing more efficient blue /pink heterozygous Tradescantia testers of mutagenicity, the young inflorescence-bearing nodal and/or axillary cuttings of clones BNL 02, KU 27, KU 7 and KU 20 were cultivated with nutrient solutions, and the flower production, stamen-hair growth, and spontaneous and induced somatic pink mutation frequencies in the stamen hairs observed in the cuttings of each clone were compared with those in the potted plants of the same clone. The cuttings tended to show poorer flower productions, smaller flower sizes and decreases in the number of hairs, as compared with potted plants, but the spontaneous and X-ray-induced somatic mutation frequencies were comparable to those in potted plants. Using the BNL 02 cuttings, however, the mutagenic effect of nitrofurazone was detected for the first time in higher plants. On the other hand, the shoots with roots of clone BNL 4430 divided from the potted plants and cultivated with a nutrient solution exhibited excellent results in all aspects; i.e., the flower production, flower size, stamen-hair growth, and X-ray-and MMS-induced mutation frequencies being almost identical with those in the potted plants, and the spontaneous (background) mutation frequency being lower than that in the potted plants. The shoots with roots of clone BNL 4430 were thus judged to be the best Tradescantia tester of mutagenicity, requiring much smaller space than using the potted plants and supplying much larger samples much more constantly than the cuttings of other clones.","PeriodicalId":22578,"journal":{"name":"The Japanese Journal of Genetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"585-600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91523074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}