European Union LawPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0013
C. Barnard
{"title":"13. Free movement of natural persons and citizenship of the Union","authors":"C. Barnard","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses EU law on the free movement of persons. It shows how the EU judiciary and legislature have responded to some of the challenges raised by EU migration. It highlights the following themes: the erosion of the requirement of an interstate element; how little it takes to establish an obstacle to free movement and thus a breach by the state of EU law; the need for the state to establish a justification in order to preserve state interests, but notes that what the state can do to protect that interest is severely curtailed by the principles of human rights and proportionality. It shows that the Court views cases on the free movement of natural persons through a citizenship lens and thus is more willing to embrace a human rights dimension than it would be in cases on free movement of legal persons.","PeriodicalId":225762,"journal":{"name":"European Union Law","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120943680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
European Union LawPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0011
J. Snell
{"title":"11. The internal market and the philosophies of market integration","authors":"J. Snell","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the nature of the European market, which the Treaties today call the ‘internal market’. It begins by setting out the three models of market integration - host country control, harmonized model, and home country control - each of which represents a very different approach to, or philosophy of, economic integration. It then considers how the nature of European market integration has changed in the course of the history of the EU. It argues that the original common market paradigm set out in the Spaak Report and incorporated into the Treaty of Rome gradually gave way to the single market paradigm first initiated by the European Court of Justice and subsequently embraced by the political institutions. Finally, the chapter investigates the principal tool the Treaty has created for the achievement of the internal market, namely Article 114 TFEU.","PeriodicalId":225762,"journal":{"name":"European Union Law","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125960767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
European Union LawPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0003
S. Peers
{"title":"3. The EU’s political institutions","authors":"S. Peers","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the possible tension between democracy and effectiveness in the context of the EU’s political institutions: the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, and the Commission. To this end, it examines in turn the composition, powers, and functioning of each of these institutions, comparing them to national systems and assessing their democratic accountability and the effectiveness of their functioning. It shows that the role of various EU institutions has evolved over time - in particular to strengthen the legislative role of the European Parliament, and that body’s control over the Commission.","PeriodicalId":225762,"journal":{"name":"European Union Law","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125630589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
European Union LawPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0008
H. Hofmann
{"title":"8. General principles of EU law and EU administrative law","authors":"H. Hofmann","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the steps which take place after legislation has been passed. It also looks at the principles and rules that exist to ensure the legality and legitimacy of administrative action implementing EU law. It begins with an overview of the key institutions and agencies of the EU and what they do. It then discusses the applicable law which is key to developing notions of accountability and the protection of rights in this field.","PeriodicalId":225762,"journal":{"name":"European Union Law","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127060706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
European Union LawPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0007
B. de Witte
{"title":"7. EU law: is it international law?","authors":"B. de Witte","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the legal nature of EU law, i.e. its place within the realm of international law. It first presents the ‘straightforward’ view that EU law is a part (or ‘sub-system’) of international law. It then considers the ‘alternative’ view that EU law, although originating in international law, is now so distinctive that it should no longer be considered to be part of international law. It concludes with a discussion of the EU as both an object and subject of international law.","PeriodicalId":225762,"journal":{"name":"European Union Law","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126022709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
European Union LawPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0016
N. N. Shuibhne
{"title":"16. Exceptions to the free movement rules","authors":"N. N. Shuibhne","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines when Member States can lawfully displace the obligations placed on them by free movement law. Free movement rights can be restricted under EU law in two ways. For discriminatory or distinctly applicable restrictive measures, a derogation ground expressly provided for in the TFEU must be engaged. For indirectly or non-discriminatory measures, that is, indistinctly applicable restrictive measures, if an overriding requirement relating to the public interest can be demonstrated the measure will be lawful. In both cases, the restriction also has to satisfy a proportionality test, that is, it is both appropriate and necessary for achieving the relevant public interest objective.","PeriodicalId":225762,"journal":{"name":"European Union Law","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115353611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
European Union LawPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0014
C. Barnard, J. Snell
{"title":"14. Free movement of legal persons and the provision of services","authors":"C. Barnard, J. Snell","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses EU rules which apply to a legal person’s establishment rights under Article 49 TFEU and its rights to provide services under Article 56 and 57 TFEU. It begins by discussing the Treaty provisions on freedom of establishment and free movement of services. It then considers some key pieces of secondary legislation adopted in the field of freedom of establishment and free movement of services - legislation intended to facilitate the operation of the freedoms in respect of legal persons.","PeriodicalId":225762,"journal":{"name":"European Union Law","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116966934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
European Union LawPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0002
P. Craig
{"title":"2. Development of the EU","authors":"P. Craig","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter traces the development of what is now the EU. It first describes the origins of ideas of European unity. It then discusses the various treaties that paved the way towards broader European integration. These include the European Coal and Steel Community Treaty of 1951,the Single European Act 1986, the Treaty on European Union (TEU) of 1992, and the Lisbon Treaty of 2009. Next, the chapter turns to the impact of the global financial crisis on the EU and considers several theories of integration.","PeriodicalId":225762,"journal":{"name":"European Union Law","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115919844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
European Union LawPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0004
R. Schütze
{"title":"4. Constitutionalism and the European Union","authors":"R. Schütze","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses the question of whether the EU has a constitution. It explores the formal constitutionalist credentials of the Union legal order and shows that the Union has claimed that the EU Treaties constitute the highest law in Europe. It then examines the constitutional nature of the Union from a ‘democratic’ perspective. Finally, it evaluates the Union legal order through the lens of liberal constitutionalism. This ‘classic’ constitutionalism assesses the legal nature of a document by insisting on a separation of powers and the existence of fundamental rights.","PeriodicalId":225762,"journal":{"name":"European Union Law","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127113438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
European Union LawPub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0005
K. Bradley
{"title":"5. Legislating in the European Union","authors":"K. Bradley","doi":"10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198855750.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the procedures for the adoption of legislative and other normative measures in the EU. It touches on a wide variety of subjects: forms of legal act; law-making competences and choice of procedure; the delegation of normative powers; and the application of the constitutional principles of conferral, subsidiarity, and proportionality. A number of more abstract matters are also covered, such as the hierarchy of norms and the ‘democratic deficit’.","PeriodicalId":225762,"journal":{"name":"European Union Law","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124097780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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