S. Assawakosri, S. Kanokudom, N. Suntronwong, Jiratchaya Puenpa, T. Duangchinda, W. Chantima, P. Pakchotanon, J. Mongkolsapaya, Nasamon Wanlapakorn, S. Honsawek, Y. Poovorawan
{"title":"Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and COVID-19 Booster Vaccination","authors":"S. Assawakosri, S. Kanokudom, N. Suntronwong, Jiratchaya Puenpa, T. Duangchinda, W. Chantima, P. Pakchotanon, J. Mongkolsapaya, Nasamon Wanlapakorn, S. Honsawek, Y. Poovorawan","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac158","url":null,"abstract":"TO THE EDITOR—In reply to the correspondence from Tjan et al [1] regarding the heterologous booster in healthy adults previously immunized with 2 doses of CoronaVac [2], the additional knowledge on immunogenicity of the booster (third dose) with BNT162b2 in BNT162b2primed individuals against the BA.2 omicron variant will help promote the vaccine uptake and coverage in themidst of a surge in BA.2 omicron worldwide. As of February 2022, the omicron variant was further classified into 4 main sublineages, BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3. Moreover, an epidemiological surveillance on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) showed that BA.2 sublineages have become the dominant variant globally [3]. In Thailand, the BA.2 sublineages have been detected since the end of January 2022. The proportion of BA.2 sublineages rapidly increased and accounted for more than 90% of positive cases reported in March 2022 [Puenpa J et al. unpublished]. Potent serum neutralizing antibody (nAbs) against BA.1 was observed after the heterologous booster in individuals previously immunized with 2 doses of CoronaVac [2]. Considering the waning immunity after primary series vaccination and the high transmissibility and potential immune escape of BA.2 sublineage, we further determined the immunogenicity of the mRNA-1273 booster against BA.1 and BA.2 in AZD1222-primed individuals using the 50% focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50) as previously described [2].","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87555355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Wang, You Li, T. Shi, Yiming Ma, Bhanu Wahi-Singh, R. Riley, H. Nair
{"title":"Global Disease Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Preterm Children in 2019: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Protocol.","authors":"Xin Wang, You Li, T. Shi, Yiming Ma, Bhanu Wahi-Singh, R. Riley, H. Nair","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac078","url":null,"abstract":"Existing guidelines on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis differ greatly by gestational age (GA) and other underlying risk factors, highlighting the data gaps in RSV disease burden among preterm infants. We will conduct a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of RSV global disease burden among preterm-born children. Three databases, Medline, Embase, and Global Health, will be searched for relevant studies on RSV disease burden for 2019 or before in preterm-born children published between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2021. IPD will be sought by contacting the investigators identified from published literature and from existing collaboration networks. One-stage and 2-stage random-effects meta-analyses will be used to combine information from IPD and non-IPD studies to produce summary RSV burden estimates of incidence rate, hospital admission rate, and in-hospital case fatality ratio. The framework will be extended to examine subgroup(s) with the most substantial RSV disease burden.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72788629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yufei Zhang, Jindong Gao, Kun Huang, Ya Zhao, Xianfeng Hui, Ting Wang, Changmin Hu, Xiaomei Sun, Ying Yang, Chao Wu, Xi Chen, Zhong Zou, Lianzhong Zhao, M. Jin
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection causes hyperglycaemia in cats","authors":"Yufei Zhang, Jindong Gao, Kun Huang, Ya Zhao, Xianfeng Hui, Ting Wang, Changmin Hu, Xiaomei Sun, Ying Yang, Chao Wu, Xi Chen, Zhong Zou, Lianzhong Zhao, M. Jin","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac143","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Isolated reports of new-onset diabetes in patients with COVID-19 have led researchers to hypothesise that SARS-CoV-2 infects the human exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells ex vivo and in vivo. However, existing research lacks experimental evidence indicating that SARS-CoV-2 can infect pancreatic tissue. Here, we found that cats infected with a high dose of SARS-CoV-2 exhibited hyperglycaemia. We also detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the pancreatic tissues of these cats, and immunohistochemical staining revealed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) in the islet cells. SARS-CoV-2 NP and Spike proteins were primarily detected in Glu+ cells, and most Glu+ cells expressed ACE2. Additionally, immune protection experiments conducted on cats showed that the blood glucose levels of immunised cats did not increase post-challenge. Our data indicate the cat pancreas as a SARS-CoV-2 target and suggest that the infection of Glu+ cells could contribute to the metabolic dysregulation observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected cats.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76318595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadine Peart Akindele, L. Pieterse, San Suwanmanee, D. Griffin
{"title":"B-Cell Responses in Hospitalized Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2–Infected Children With and Without Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome","authors":"Nadine Peart Akindele, L. Pieterse, San Suwanmanee, D. Griffin","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac119","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) can complicate infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but differences in the immune responses during MIS-C compared to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are poorly understood. We longitudinally compared the amounts and avidity of plasma anti-nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) antibodies, phenotypes of B cells, and numbers of virus-specific antibody-secreting cells in circulation of children hospitalized with COVID-19 (n = 10) and with MIS-C (n = 12). N-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) was higher early after presentation for MIS-C than COVID-19 patients and avidity of N- and S-specific IgG at presentation did not mature further during follow-up as it did for COVID-19. Both groups had waning proportions of B cells in circulation and decreasing but sustained production of virus-specific antibody-secreting cells for months. Overall, B-cell responses were similar, but those with MIS-C demonstrated a more mature antibody response at presentation compared to COVID-19, suggesting a postinfectious entity.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"23 1","pages":"822 - 832"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80559119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Grebe, Elaine A. Yu, M. Bravo, A. Welte, R. Bruhn, M. Stone, Valerie Green, P. Williamson, Leora R. Feldstein, Jefferson M. Jones, M. Busch, B. Custer
{"title":"COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States prior to the Delta and Omicron-associated surges: a retrospective cohort study of repeat blood donors","authors":"E. Grebe, Elaine A. Yu, M. Bravo, A. Welte, R. Bruhn, M. Stone, Valerie Green, P. Williamson, Leora R. Feldstein, Jefferson M. Jones, M. Busch, B. Custer","doi":"10.1101/2022.04.15.22273412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.04.15.22273412","url":null,"abstract":"To inform public health policy, it is critical to monitor COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE), including against acquiring infection. We estimated VE using a retrospective cohort study among repeat blood donors who donated during the first half of 2021, demonstrating a viable approach for monitoring of VE via serological surveillance. Using Poisson regression, we estimated overall VE was 88.8% (95% CI: 86.2-91.1), adjusted for demographic covariates and variable baseline risk. Time since first reporting vaccination, age, race-ethnicity, region, and calendar time were statistically significant predictors of incident infection. Studies of VE during periods of Delta and Omicron spread are underway.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78518710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Wamae, K. Kimenyi, Victor Osoti, Z. D. de Laurent, L. Ndwiga, Oksana Kharabora, N. Hathaway, J. Bailey, J. Juliano, P. Bejon, L. Ochola-Oyier
{"title":"Amplicon Sequencing as a Potential Surveillance Tool for Complexity of Infection and Drug Resistance Markers in Plasmodium falciparum Asymptomatic Infections","authors":"K. Wamae, K. Kimenyi, Victor Osoti, Z. D. de Laurent, L. Ndwiga, Oksana Kharabora, N. Hathaway, J. Bailey, J. Juliano, P. Bejon, L. Ochola-Oyier","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac144","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Genotyping Plasmodium falciparum subpopulations in malaria infections is an important aspect of malaria molecular epidemiology to understand within-host diversity and the frequency of drug resistance markers. Methods We characterized P. falciparum genetic diversity in asymptomatic infections and subsequent first febrile infections using amplicon sequencing (AmpSeq) of ama1 in Coastal Kenya. We also examined temporal changes in haplotype frequencies of mdr1, a drug-resistant marker. Results We found >60% of the infections were polyclonal (complexity of infection [COI] >1) and there was a reduction in COI over time. Asymptomatic infections had a significantly higher mean COI than febrile infections based on ama1 sequences (2.7 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.65–2.77] vs 2.22 [95% CI, 2.17–2.29], respectively). Moreover, an analysis of 30 paired asymptomatic and first febrile infections revealed that many first febrile infections (91%) were due to the presence of new ama1 haplotypes. The mdr1-YY haplotype, associated with chloroquine and amodiaquine resistance, decreased over time, while the NY (wild type) and the NF (modulates response to lumefantrine) haplotypes increased. Conclusions This study emphasizes the utility of AmpSeq in characterizing parasite diversity as it can determine relative proportions of clones and detect minority clones. The usefulness of AmpSeq in antimalarial drug resistance surveillance is also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"38 1","pages":"920 - 927"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86505482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Vasylyeva, Courtney E. Fang, Michelle Su, J. L. Havens, Edyth Parker, Jade C. Wang, M. Zeller, A. Yakovleva, G. Hassler, Moinuddin A. Chowdhury, K. Andersen, S. Hughes, J. Wertheim
{"title":"Introduction and Establishment of SARS-CoV-2 Gamma Variant in New York City in Early 2021","authors":"T. Vasylyeva, Courtney E. Fang, Michelle Su, J. L. Havens, Edyth Parker, Jade C. Wang, M. Zeller, A. Yakovleva, G. Hassler, Moinuddin A. Chowdhury, K. Andersen, S. Hughes, J. Wertheim","doi":"10.1101/2022.04.15.22273909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.04.15.22273909","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Monitoring the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants is an important public health objective. Travel restrictions, aimed to prevent viral spread, have major economic consequences and unclear effectiveness despite considerable research. We investigated the introduction and establishment of the Gamma variant in New York City (NYC) in 2021. Methods. We performed phylogeographic analysis on 15,967 Gamma sequences available on GISAID and sampled between March 10th through May 1st, 2021, to identify geographic sources of Gamma lineages introduced into NYC. We identified locally circulating Gamma transmission clusters and inferred the timing of their establishment in NYC. Findings. We identified 16 phylogenetically-distinct Gamma clusters established in NYC (cluster sizes ranged 2-108 genomes). Most of the NYC clusters were introduced from Florida and Illinois; only one was introduced from outside the United States (US). By the time the first Gamma case was reported by genomic surveillance in NYC on March 10th, the majority (57%) of circulating Gamma lineages had already been established in the city for at least two weeks. Interpretation. Despite the expansion of SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance in NYC, there was a substantial gap between Gamma variant introduction and establishment in January/February 2021, and its identification by genomic surveillance in March 2021. Although travel from Brazil to the US was restricted from May 2020 through the end of the study period, this restriction did not prevent Gamma from becoming established in NYC as most introductions occurred from domestic locations.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90866100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ka-Li Zhu, Huixia Gao, Lin Yao, Jun Rong, Li Yang, Zhi Zhang, Ping Jiang, L. Duan, Guo-Lin Wang, E. Dai, M. Ma
{"title":"Delta infection following vaccination elicits potent neutralizing immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron","authors":"Ka-Li Zhu, Huixia Gao, Lin Yao, Jun Rong, Li Yang, Zhi Zhang, Ping Jiang, L. Duan, Guo-Lin Wang, E. Dai, M. Ma","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant extensively escape neutralizing antibodies by vaccines or infection. We assessed serum neutralizing activity in sera from Delta infection following vaccination and Delta infection only against SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 (WA1), Beta, Delta, and Omicron. Sera from Delta infection only could neutralize WA1 and Delta but nearly completely lost capacity to neutralize Beta and Omicron. However, Delta infection following vaccination resulted in a significant increase of serum neutralizing activity against WA1, Beta, and Omicron. This study demonstrates that breakthrough infection of Delta substantially induced high potency humoral immune response against the Omicron variant and other emerged variants.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90741010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen Chen, Spencer R. Haupert, Lauren Zimmermann, Xu Shi, L. Fritsche, B. Mukherjee
{"title":"Global Prevalence of Post COVID-19 Condition or Long COVID: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","authors":"Chen Chen, Spencer R. Haupert, Lauren Zimmermann, Xu Shi, L. Fritsche, B. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac136","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction This study aims to examine the worldwide prevalence of post COVID-19 condition, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, Embase, and iSearch were searched on July 5, 2021 with verification extending to March 13, 2022. Using a random effects framework with DerSimonian-Laird estimator, we meta-analyzed post COVID-19 condition prevalence at 28+ days from infection. Results 50 studies were included, and 41 were meta-analyzed. Global estimated pooled prevalence of post COVID-19 condition was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.39,0.46). Hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients have estimates of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.44,0.63) and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.25,0.46), respectively. Regional prevalence estimates were Asia— 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37,0.65), Europe— 0.44 (95% CI: 0.32,0.56), and North America— 0.31 (95% CI: 0.21,0.43). Global prevalence for 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after infection were estimated to be 0.37 (95% CI: 0.26,0.49), 0.25 (95% CI: 0.15,0.38), 0.32 (95% CI: 0.14,0.57) and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.40,0.59), respectively. Fatigue was the most common symptom reported with a prevalence of 0.23 (95% CI: 0.17,0.30), followed by memory problems (0.14 [95% CI: 0.10,0.19]). Discussion This study finds post COVID-19 condition prevalence is substantial; the health effects of COVID-19 appear to be prolonged and can exert stress on the healthcare system.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74175250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Beddingfield, Lori A Rowe, K. Russell-Lodrigue, Lara A. Doyle-Meyers, Nadia Golden, S. Spencer, N. Chirichella, R. Blair, N. Maness, C. Roy
{"title":"Breakthrough Gastrointestinal COVID-19 and Intrahost Evolution Consequent to Combination Monoclonal Antibody Prophylaxis","authors":"B. Beddingfield, Lori A Rowe, K. Russell-Lodrigue, Lara A. Doyle-Meyers, Nadia Golden, S. Spencer, N. Chirichella, R. Blair, N. Maness, C. Roy","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiac134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac134","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Breakthrough gastrointestinal COVID-19 was observed after experimental SARS-CoV-2 upper mucosal infection in a rhesus macaque undergoing low-dose monoclonal antibody prophylaxis. High levels of viral RNA were detected in intestinal sites contrasting with minimal viral replication in upper respiratory mucosa. Sequencing of virus recovered from tissue in 3 gastrointestinal sites and rectal swab revealed loss of furin cleavage site deletions present in the inoculating virus stock and 2 amino acid changes in spike that were detected in 2 colon sites but not elsewhere, suggesting compartmentalized replication and intestinal viral evolution. This suggests suboptimal antiviral therapies promote viral sequestration in these anatomies.","PeriodicalId":22572,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"305 1","pages":"1588 - 1592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76859962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}