The International Journal of Physics最新文献

{"title":"The Contradictions in Poynting Theorem and Classical Electromagnetic Field Theory","authors":"Shuang-Ren Zhao","doi":"10.12691/ijp-10-5-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijp-10-5-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22540,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79262487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Paradox that Induced Electric Field has Energy in Maxwell’s Theory of Classical Electromagnetic Field is Shown and Solved","authors":"Shuang-Ren Zhao","doi":"10.12691/ijp-10-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijp-10-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"Those who have studied electromagnetic field theory know that the energy density of the magnetic field is proportional to the square of the magnetic field strength. The energy density of the electric field is proportional to the square of intensity of the electric field. It is assumed that the dimensions of devices such as the inductor are negligible compared with the wavelength of AC, so electromagnetic radiation can be ignore. It is no problem to calculate the energy of the magnetic field according to the above method. However, the electric field has two parts, one is the electrostatic field, and the other is the induced electric field, which is related to the time derivative of the magnetic vector potential. It is also clear that the electrostatic field has energy. However, it is not clear whether the induced electric field has electric energy. According to Maxwell’s equation, it refers to the radiation electromagnetic field equation including displacement current, the energy of the electric field naturally includes the energy of the induced electric field. However, the induced electric field is an electromagnetic induction phenomenon, and the energy of the magnetic field has been increased in this process. It seems that the energy of the induced electric field itself should not be calculated again. On the other hand, according to the electric and magnetic quasi-static electromagnetic field equation, the induced electromagnetic field has no energy. The author believes that the electric and magnetic quasi-static electromagnetic field equation is correct, and the induced magnetic field should not have electric field energy. The author believes that this contradiction is due to the fact that Maxwell’s equation (including displacement current term) is not suitable for the case of electric and magnetic quasi-static fields. As the textbook tells us, Maxwell’s equations are accurate equations, and magnetic quasi-static or electric and magnetic quasi-static electromagnetic field equations are approximate equations of Maxwell’s equations. The author thinks that the Maxwell equation obtained by adding the displacement current term can deduce the result of electromagnetic wave, but it is still a problem equation. The main problem is that the electric field and magnetic field obtained by Maxwell equation are not the seamless extension of the electromagnetic field under the original electric and magnetic quasi-static condition. That is to say, the electric field and magnetic field obtained according to Maxwell’s equation actually do not have the properties of the original electric field and magnetic field. In particular, the electric field energy, magnetic field energy and Poynting vector formed by such electric and magnetic fields are unreliable. In the electric and magnetic quasi-static condition, the most unreliable is the energy of the induced electric field. The induced electric field should not have energy. If the induced electric field has energy, w","PeriodicalId":22540,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78551780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of the Photoionization Cross Section Depending on the Choice of Impurities in the Case of GaAs and CdTe","authors":"M. Coulibaly, Ibrahima Gueye Faye","doi":"10.12691/ijp-10-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijp-10-4-1","url":null,"abstract":"In this present work, a theoretical study of the variation of the photoionization cross-section, the impact of the vibrational wave functions of the crystal lattice, and the choice of the acceptor nature of some impurities in the case of GaAs and CdTe on this last are carried out. In this work, we added the contribution of overlapping vibrational wave functions to the photoionization of cross section in a polar semiconductor for a charge carrier bound to an impurity. We adopted the Born Oppenheimer approximation to describe the initial state of impurity through a test function and the Lee-Low-Pines function for the final state. Chemical shift, charge carrier-phonon interaction, and central cell correction are taken into account. We used the variational method by minimizing the average value of the energy in order to calculate the binding energy. The behavior of the photoionization cross-section spectra obtained with various frequently used impurities is compared with the experimental and theoretical data. It is observed that the photoionization cross sections increase up to their peaks starting from a quasi-zero value and then decrease as the photon frequency increases. The peaks of the photoionization cross section are almost identical but sometimes shifted. This shows that the vibrational contribution of the crystal lattice is important in the process of calculating the photoionization cross-section. The spectra obtained indicate that the photoionization cross-section is sensitive to the choice and the nature of the impurity.","PeriodicalId":22540,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76420986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double Convection of a Binary Viscoelastic Fluid under Helical Force Effect: Linear and Weakly Nonlinear Analysis","authors":"Kpossa Gbedode Mathieu, Monwanou Vincent Adjimon","doi":"10.12691/ijp-10-4-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijp-10-4-2","url":null,"abstract":"We used linear stability theory based on the normal mode decomposition technique to study the criterion of appearance of the stationary convection and the oscillatory convection in a binary viscoelastic fluid mixture in a porous medium under the e ff ect of helical force. Nonlinear stability theory based on the minimum representation of double Fourier series is used to study the rate of heat and mass transfer. We have determined the analytical expression of the Rayleigh number of the system as a function of the dimensionless parameters. Expressions for heat and mass transfer rates are determined as a function of Nusselt and Sherwood number, respectively. The transient behaviors of the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number are studied by solving the finite amplitude equations using the Runge - Kutta method. Then, the e ff ect of each dimensionless parameter on the system is studied pointed out interesting results.","PeriodicalId":22540,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77286112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Shall Be Considered Complete","authors":"Z. Bo","doi":"10.12691/ijp-10-3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijp-10-3-5","url":null,"abstract":"After the deduction and comparison of wave motions of classical particles and quantum particles, we prove that there are two restrictions applied to both classical particles and quantum particles. Both restrictions are just to ensure energy conservation principle of the wave motion. The Heisenberg’s famous inequality was nothing to do with the measurements of particle’s position or mentum, the restriction of the inequality is just the lower limit of the wave motion. His uncertainty principle was not correct from both mathematical and physical perspective. Based on the mathematic analysis and logic reasoning process review, we conclude that all the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Born rule and Bohr’s complimentary principle were not correct. Even for a quantum particle, at any time, it must be classically localized instead of non-local. Without the Copenhagen interpretations, the quantum mechanics shall still be considered complete according to EPR’s criteria which are used to verify the completeness of a physics theory. The particle-wave duality of quantum particles comes from their inner features of electric vector(s).","PeriodicalId":22540,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84449555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incompleteness of Wave Interpretations of Double Slit and Grating Experiments","authors":"Hui Peng","doi":"10.12691/ijp-10-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijp-10-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"Young’s double slit experiments, which represent the mystery of quantum mechanics, have been described by wave theories, such as the optical wave theory, the electromagnetic wave (EM wave) theory and pilot wave theory. Recently, the coexistence of the particle nature and the wave distribution of light in double slit and grating experiments has been demonstrated. In this article we utilize the photon chamber to detect the traces of the light beams in the double slit/grating experiments. The existence of the light tracks indicates the particle nature of the light beam in the wave experiments. The particle nature of the light beams is visualized by the tracks, while the wave-like distribution is visualized by the interference/diffraction patterns on screen. Furthermore, we cover the two sides of the photon chamber by metal foils. If the light beams were the EM waves, then the interference/diffraction patterns would be disturbed. The experiments show that the light behave as particles moving through the photon chamber, while distribute as waves without being disturbed. Thus, the double slit/grating + photon chamber experiments visually indicate that the wave interpretations of the optical wave/EM wave theories of the double slit/grating experiments are incomplete, and that the lights are not the EM waves. However, the experiments support the concept of the pilot wave theory at far field. The experiments in this article make the mystery of the double slit experiments even more mysterious, and violate both the wave-particle duality and the complementarity principle.","PeriodicalId":22540,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74983411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Holes as the Source of All Matter and Radiation in the Universe","authors":"J. Eriksson","doi":"10.12691/ijp-10-3-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijp-10-3-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An in-depth study of general relativity has led to the development of a theory, CBU for the continuously breeding universe, in which the universe emerges from a quantum fluctuation and continues to expand due to the inflow of new matter, foremostly electrons and positrons. According to a novel model for black holes, a continuous inflow of matter prevents the black holes from becoming singularities, the contraction pressure is counteracted by the expansion pressure. The study shows that the gravitational energy gap between the event horizon and the inner photon sphere of a black hole is the source of incoming real matter from a QED vacuum foam of virtual particles. The calculated CBU results are in good agreement with current observations.","PeriodicalId":22540,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77925636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Intrinsic Nature of Strong Force to Bind Proton(s) and Neutron(s) to Form Nucleus and the Exploration of Nuclear Reaction","authors":"Z. Bo","doi":"10.12691/ijp-10-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijp-10-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"A new nucleus configuration was developed, based on proton or neutron as electric monopole pairs in a thin plate deducted from “the theory of spin vector in motion” developed by us recently. According to the proton and neutron’s configuration proposed, we concluded that the protons and neutrons are bound simply by magnetic force. The protons or neutrons can be bound together in a mode, shoulder-to-shoulder or side by side. The nucleus will be treated as a vertical oval ball with neutrons as the spin axis, with protons filled on different intersection layers with minimum balanced repulsive electric force and repulsive magnetic forces. The radioactivity of isotopic nucleus shall result directly from the unbalanced magnetic force between neutron axis and protons induced by more or less neutron(s) compared to stable isotope. Based on inner structures, spin properties of proton and neutron, we also concluded that there is no “strong force” required to bind quarks or to bind proton(s) and neutron(s) to form a stable nucleus.","PeriodicalId":22540,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82616472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photon Theory of Gravity – An Advance from Einstein’s Relativity","authors":"Xianmin Meng","doi":"10.12691/ijp-10-3-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijp-10-3-1","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a postulate that photons of low frequencies (undetectable by current technology) are the gravity force carrier, the paper derives quantitative results that are the same as or very similar to those derived in the special and general relativity theories and explains experiments and observations better. These quantitative results include the mass-energy formula, the energy momentum equation, and those for relative mass, the transverse Doppler effect, gravitational red shift, planetary precession, the deflection angle of light in gravitational lensing, the orbits around a black hole, and the strength and direction of gravitational waves (orbit decay of pulsars). Moreover, the explanations are different from those in Einstein’s relativity theory, such as the explanation of the null Doppler effect of electromagnetic waves reflected from a transversely moving surface, the reason for gravitational red shift, and the size of the light sphere around a black hole. The paper claims that both the high-order Doppler effect and the gravitational red shift occur only at the point of photon emission. The paper also explains why the predicted pulsar orbit decay is close but differs from calculations based on observations.","PeriodicalId":22540,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76904834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Physical Process Underlying “Alternative” Vision: Spin Supercurrent","authors":"Liudmila B. Boldyreva","doi":"10.12691/ijp-10-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ijp-10-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to show that the rare cases of reading texts and distinguishing colors by blind persons, that is, the manifestation of so-called \"alternative\" vision observed by some researchers, are not occasional events and there exists a physical process “enabling” the alternative vision. The analysis of the underlying physical process is based, first, on the results of experiments conducted in 1931 by Hieronymus and demonstrating the possibility of growing plants without sunlight in the dark, and, secondly, on the results of experiments investigating alternative vision and conducted in the latter half of the last century by Bongard with Smirnov and the group of Bekhtereva (the Russian Academy of Science). The following conclusion is made in this paper: the alternative vision exists due to transformation of energy of external \"primary\" light into the energy associated with spin supercurrent emerging in human organism, and the latter is transformed into the energy of “secondary” light detected by the brain’s visual cortex, without projection of the image to the eyes’ retina of a human subject.","PeriodicalId":22540,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79719961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}