The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research最新文献

{"title":"Association of Serum CRP level with Lung Cancer and Healthy Control of North Indian Population","authors":"P. Gaur, Sarika Pandey, S. Bhattacharya, S. Kant, R. Kushwaha, R. Garg, Mohammad Kaleem, A. Dubey","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundLung cancer is the major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Chronic inflammation of the airway plays an important role in the alternations of bronchial epithelium and lung microenvironment, therefore provoking the pulmonary carcinogenesis and progression of lung cancer. The results may suggest that high inflammation level can be associated with the higher risk of lung cancer. CRP is an acute-phase protein produced in the liver in response to elevated cytokine levels after an inflammatory stimulus. C-reactive protein (CRP) a systemic marker of chronic inflammation is associated with increased lung cancer risk. Material and MethodologyThis case-control study was conducted on 40 lung cancer patients and 30 healthy controls. CRP level was measured in serum by ELISA kits. ResultsElevated serum CRP level was found in lung cancer patients as comparison to healthy controls. This study shows significant association between the serum CRP level of lung cancer patients and healthy controls (p<0.0001) and also showed significant association between smoker, ex-smoker and non-smokers lung cancer patients as well as in healthy controls (p<0.0001). ConclusionHigher CRP levels were found in lung cancer patients as compared to healthy controls. The higher CRP level was also observed in Smoker, Ex-smoker as compared to non-smoker in lung cancer patients and healthy control. Key-wordsLung Cancer, CRP, Inflammatory Stimulus, Cardiovascular disease, Biomarker INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and women worldwide [1] . Chronic inflammation in airway plays an important role in the alternations of bronchial epithelium and lung microenvironment provoking the pulmonary carcinogenesis and progression of lung cancer. The results may suggest that high inflammation level can be associated with the higher risk of lung cancer. It is known that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1, interleukin 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha and tumor growth factor are able to stimulate the production of C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as influence survival, growth, mutation, proliferation, differentiation, and migration of tumor cells [2] . C-reactive protein (CRP) a Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84070786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Cytogenetical Effects on Meiotic Chromosomal Abnormalities Induced by Mutagens in Soybean","authors":"Geeta P. Patil, C. Sharma","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt was made to study the cytogenetical effects of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate on meiotic chromosomal abnormalities in two cultivars viz., PKV-1 and JS-335. The most frequently observed aberrations in meiosis were univalents, trivalent, multivalents chromosomal fragments, desynapsis of chromosome, laggards, and clumping of chromosomes etc. The physical mutagens were more effective than chemical mutagens. The effect of gamma-rays and ethyl methane sulphonate shows chlorophyll mutations such as Chlorina, Xantha, Albina, and Alboviridis in an M2 generation in both the cultivars. Cultivar JS-335 showed more pronounced effect than cultivar PKV-1. Gamma-rays recorded maximum macro mutations as compared to chemical mutagens (EMS). The frequency and spectrum of morphological mutation indicated that variety JS-335 was more sensitive than PKV-1. Different response of the two varieties to various mutagens was noticed. Key-wordsChromosomal aberrations, Chlorophyll mutation, EMS, Gamma radiation, Mutagens INTRODUCTION Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill is one of the world’s most important sources of vegetable oil and protein. It is a highly self-pollinated crop, cultivated all over the world. Soybean being an autogamous crop, the naturally existing genetic variability may not be sufficient to achieve the desired improvement. Each kind of breeding method involves creation and utilization of genetic variability by means of hybridization, recombination and selection. Due to small size of flowers, emasculation and pollination in soybean is very tedious and costly. Alternatively artificially induced mutation is the best way to widen the genetic variability of a species considerably within a short time. Mutation breeding is relatively a quicker method for improvement and creating genetic variability in crops. Attempts to induce mutations in soybean would be quite useful in creating genetic variability. Mutation is a sudden heritable change brought about in nucleotide base pairs either by addition, deletion or substitution . It may be caused by the various factors which lead to a change in the coded information finally expressed in terms of a changed phenotype, through alteration in the chain of events like transcription and translation. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.ijlssr.com DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.2.10 In other words, the biochemical pathway gets affected resulting in the modified manifestation of a gene. Recently, generation of genetic variability by induced mutagenesis provided a base for strengthening crop improvement programme and represents a more efficient source of genetic variability than the gene pool conservers by nature . Hence, mutation breeding can be applied to altering specific characters in otherwise good varieties, by incorporating some useful changes such as earliness, high oil and protein content, high yields, non-shattering and disease and insect resistant in a comparatively shorter time tha","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90289223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Simple and Effective Method for Preparation of Chitosan from Chitin","authors":"Megha Agarwal, M. Agarwal, N. Shrivastav, Sarika Pandey, P. Gaur","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundChitosan is the most abundant natural amino polysaccharide. Researchers have found, chitosan is biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic, which have made wide applicability in the pharmaceutical field. MethodsChitosan was prepared by deacetylation of chitin and characterized by U.V Spectrophotometry, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), & Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ResultsThe present study showed that by SEM shown a long thin crystal structure on a smooth surface and prepared chitosan was soluble in 1% acetic acid solution. ConclusionChitosan was prepared from deacetylation of crustacean chitin and the morphology studied by SEM that showed that chitosan had a long thin crystal structure on a smooth surface. We were observed the prepared chitosan was soluble in 1% acetic acid solution. Key-wordsChitin, Chitosan, Deacetylation, DLS, FTIR, SEM INTRODUCTION Chitosan (CS) has emerged as alternative synthetic polymer due to its abundance, low production cost, biodegradable, biocompatible, renewable and non toxic nature. It is the second most abundant natural polymer next to cellulose, but most abundant natural amino polysaccharide and the estimation of its annual production is almost same as cellulose . The elemental composition of the chitosan polymer is carbon (44.11%), hydrogen (6.84%) and nitrogen (7.97%). Due to their high percentage of nitrogen compared to synthetically substituted cellulose (1.25%), they are of commercial interest. Over the last several years CS has received increased attention as one of the promising renewable polymeric materials having a wide scope of applications that are both fascinating and as yet uncharted. Possible and usual applications of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives are estimated to be more than 200 . Chitosan contains an amino group having pKa value ~6. Thus it is positively charged and is readily soluble in aqueous acidic solution. It is a unique linear polycation with a high charge density, reactive hydroxyl and amino groups as well as excessive hydrogen bonding. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85683594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Smoking Status with COPD in North Indian Population","authors":"Sarika Pandey, R. Garg, S. Kant, P. Gaur, A. Verma, R. M. Tripathi, R. Kumar","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a chronic inflammatory disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Smoking is the major risk factor in COPD. Smoking damages the air sacs, airway and the lining of the lungs and due to this lung have trouble moving enough air in and out making hard to breathe. Smoking may act as a trigger factor for many people who have COPD and can either cause an exacerbation or flare-up of symptoms. The present study aims to determine the association of smoking status with different stages of COPD and clinical symptoms in a North Indian population. MethodsThe present study was conducted on 160 stable COPD patients in the department of Respiratory Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow. ResultsOut of 160 patients enrolled there were 41.8% smokers, 24.3% non-smokers, and 33.7% ex-smokers. The present study found a significant association (p<0.02) of smoking status with different stages of COPD, although non-significant association (p=0.96) was observed between smoking status and clinical symptoms. ConclusionThe significant association of smoking status was observed with different stages of COPD while the non-significant association was observed with clinical symptoms in the present study in north Indian population. Smoking cessation will be helpful in reducing the progression and management of this disease in smokers. Key-wordsChronic Obstructive pulmonary disease, Smoking, Clinical symptoms, Gold stage INTRODUCTION Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a chronic inflammatory disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1] . It is a common, preventable and treatable disease, characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases. As per World Health Organization (WHO), three million people die from COPD each year [2] . It is estimated that more than 90% of COPD deaths occur in low and middle income countries [3] . COPD continues to be an important public health problem in India. It is independently associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, with a different inflammatory pattern than that observed in healthy subjects [4] . Systemic inflammation in COPD patients has been","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80462685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on Population Characteristics of Frigate tuna, Auxis thazard (Lacepede,1800) Occurring in the North West Coast of India","authors":"Vinod Kumar Mudumala, Farejiya Mk, K. Mali, K. RamaRao, D. Uikey, A. Pradnya","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an attempt to understand the population characteristics such as Length-weight relationships, age, growth, mortality, length at age and exploitation rate of Frigate tuna, Auxis thazard occurring in the North west coast of India. The data collected from various fish landing centers from 2008 to 2012 were considered for this study. The mean fork length and weight 32.35 cm and 1.040 kg were observed respectively. The length-weight relationship W=2.4321x10 FL 2.27658, and r 0.9576 was obtained. The value of ‘b’ found to be less than 3 and hence this species was shown negative allometric growth. The growth parameters on von Bertalanffy for L∞ estimated as 47.03, K was 1.30 and to was -0.23. The Phi-prime value (⏀) of 3.33 was derived. The length at age observed at the end of 1 to 4 years was 27.0, 42.0, 50.0 and 55.0 cm year respectively. The natural mortality (M) 1.00 year, total mortality (Z) of 4.43 year and fishing mortality (F) 3.43 year were derived with the mean temperature of 27°C. The exploitation ratio (E) and exploitation rate (U) was 0.77. The results derived in the present study with regard to population characteristics of frigate tuna in the coastal waters of North west coast of India indicate catching of this species in the area to be minimized Key-wordsExploitation ratio, Exploitation rate, Length-weight relationships, Length at age, Mortality INTRODUCTION Among the neritic tunas occurring in the Indian waters, under the genus Auxis, two species viz., Auxis thazard and Auxis rochei are contributing to the marine fish landings to the tune of 13,418 tonnes during 2016 . An increase of 64% of these species landings has been observed when compared to 2015 (8,176 t). Determinations of population characteristics are vital for understanding changing trends in the marine fish production and also to evaluate the level of exploitation. The effective fisheries management depends on the fish catch data, biological information and population characteristics etc. As per the literature, the developed countries in the world observed to conduct regular stock assessments for the major commercial fisheries, thereby, the resources are better managed. Commendable works on this species have been attempted by various researchers from the Philippines waters, Indonesia, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77824366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Serum MMP 9 Level with COPD and Healthy Control in North Indian Population","authors":"Sarika Pandey, P. Gaur, R. Garg, S. Kant, S. Bhattacharya, A. Dubey, Z. Hasan","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. MMP 9 is an acute phase reactant secreted by the liver in response to infection, inflammation or tissue damage. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 35 healthy controls and 40 COPD patients at a tertiary care hospital in north India. MMP 9 levels were measured in serum by ELISA Kit. Results: The present study showed that mean MMP 9 level in serum was significantly higher in COPD group as compared to control group (p<0.0001) and the levels increased with the increasing severity of the disease. Conclusion: Our study confirms that MMP 9 level was significantly higher in COPD patients as compared to controls and their levels increased with the increasing severity of the disease. Measuring MMP 9 levels in combination with other biochemical markers can be helpful in monitoring disease outcome and management of the disease. Key-wordsBiomarker, COPD, Inflammation, MMP 9, Matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Smoking and biomass exposure, along with genetic predisposition, are the major risk factors for developing COPD . Persistent systemic inflammation and oxidative stress are common features of this disease . Progressive destruction of the extracellular matrix of lungs by MMPs is observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as well as in the pathogenesis of other diseases . MMP-9 also known as gelatinase B is 85 kD protein secreted by bronchial epithelial cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells and alveolar macrophages. Increased expression of MMP-9 by inflammatory cells e.g. neutrophils and macrophages are correlated with a variety of processes that cause lung damage . It is thought to have an important role in lung-remodeling and has been investigated as a potential biomarker of COPD. Diagnosis of COPD is confirmed by spirometry but it depends mainly on the level of effort done by the patient and so this may alter the diagnosis in many patients. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73213899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis Among Household Contacts of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Cases at a Tertiary Hospital in Lucknow, India","authors":"R. Kumar, R. Kushwaha, Amita Jain, Z. Hasan, P. Gaur, Sarika Panday","doi":"10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is transmitted through air droplets from infected person and Close contacts of MDR-TB patients have a high potential to developing TB. This study aims to determine the profile of TB/multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) among household contacts of MDR-TB patients. Material and MethodsThe cases were recruited from the King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India. In this cross-sectional study, Close contacts of MDR-TB patients were screened for tuberculosis. clinical, radiological and bacteriological experiments were performed to find out the evidence of TB/MDR-TB. ResultsThe cases were enrolled Between December 2015 to December 2016, a total of 100 index MDR-TB patients were recruited which initiated on MDR-TB treatment. A total of 428 contacts who could be studied, 11 (2.57%) were diagnosed with MDR-TB and 4 (0.93%) had TB. The most frequent symptoms observed in patients were cough, chest pain and fever. ConclusionsTracing symptomatic contacts of MDR-TB cases could be a high yield strategy for early detection and treatment of MDR-TB cases to contribute to reduced morbidity, mortality and to cut the chain of transmission of infection in the community. The approach should be bringing about for wider implementation and dissemination. Key-wordsTB, MDR-TB, Symptomatic, Household, Transmission INTRODUCTION Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to at both isoniazid (INH, H) and rifampicin (RMP, R) that are two most powerful 1 st line anti TB drugs, it is transmitted through air droplets from infected person and Close contacts of MDR-TB patients have a high potential to developing TB. Because of the emergence of resistant nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, tuberculosis adopted more alarming nature in the form of MDR-TB, is a global occurrence that poses a serious threat to ongoing national TB control programmes. India accounts for about a quarter of the global TB burden. Worldwide India is the country with the highest burden of both TB and MDR-TB [1] . There are an estimated 79,000 multi-drug resistant TB patients among the notified cases of pulmonary TB each year. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90268470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal Activity of Iris ensata against Trichosporon asahii Causing Invasive Trichosporonosis","authors":"V. Uniyal, R. Bhatt, S. Saxena","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Trichosporon sp. are widely distributed in nature and can predominantly be found in the environmental substrates, such as soil, birds, vegetables, water, and decomposing wood. These fungi can colonize skin and, less frequently, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of humans. Currently, the genus Trichosporon sp. is considered one of the most important emerging causes of invasive infection in immune compromised patients, with T. asahii being the most frequently reported species. In this study, T. asahii was procured from MTCC and its sensitivity was checked against different solvents (Methanol, Ethanol, Acetone, and Chloroform) of Iris ensata, a medicinal plant. Zone of inhibition and MIC were evaluated using Agar well diffusion assay and Tube dilution broth assay. Ketoconazole and Nystatin B were used as positive controls. Phytochemical screening was done to determine the phytochemicals present in the plant. The methanol extract was found to be most effective compared to other solvent extracts and positive controls. Phytochemicals play a major role in this anti Trichosporon activity. Key-wordsYeast infection, Trichosporon, Medicinal plant, Phytochemicals test INTRODUCTION Trichosporon species are soil inhabitants and can be part of the normal flora of the human skin and gastrointestinal tract [1,2] . Invasive infection due to Trichosporon species is rare. However, during the past 2 decades Trichosporon species have emerged as important opportunistic pathogens in immune-compromised individuals [3-8] . Because the traditional classification and nomenclature for Trichosporon species were complicated, a new nomenclature based on molecular techniques has been proposed [1,9-12] . The previously named T. beigelii, the main pathogen that causes Trichosporon diseases, refers to 6 species in the new nomenclature (T. asahii, T. cutaneum, T. inkin, T. asteroides, T. mucoides, and T. ovoides) [1,4] . Another clinically important species, T. capitatum, had been referred to as Blastoschizomyces capitatus [13] . T. japonicum, first isolated from the air in Japan, was recently reported to cause infection in humans [9] . The basidiomycetous yeast, Trichosporon Behrend, is a medically important genus that includes the causative Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88959781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Chitosan Nanoparticles and their In-vitro Characterization","authors":"Megha Agarwal, M. Agarwal, N. Shrivastav, Sarika Pandey, Ritu Das, P. Gaur","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundChitosan is a natural, biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic and easily available polymer that can be used to prepare nanoparticles. Chitosan nanoparticles can be widely used in pharmaceutical industries as an antimicrobial agent or as drug delivery vehicle. ObjectivesAim of the study was to prepare chitosan nanoparticles and characterize them. Methods: Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ResultsThe present study showed that chitosan nanoparticles were successfully prepared by ionic gelation method. The obtained chitosan nanoparticles were characterized and study revealed that they are stable spherical in shape. The size of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) at selected concentration was 216 nm and zeta potential 50mV was done by zeta sizer Nano S (Malvern, UK). ConclusionChitosan nanoparticles were successfully prepared by ionic gelation method. Key-wordsChitosan, Chitosan nanoparticles, DLS, FTIR, SEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is the emerging science that deals with nm scale and nanoparticles are one of the building blocks in nanotechnology. Recently from last few years, nanotechnology and polymers together have captivated a tremendous interest in many areas including pharmaceutical industry and therapeutic innovation among others. Nanoparticles are the solid colloidal particles in nanometer range i.e. from 10–1000 nm [1] . Due to their small size and large surface area they exhibit unique physical and chemical properties. Nanoparticles can be prepared both from natural polymers such as protein, polysaccharide or synthetic polymer such polystyrene. The nanoparticles which are prepared from synthetic polymers involve heat, organic solvent or high shear force that can harm the drug stability. In contrast, nanoparticles prepared from natural polymers offer mild as well as simple preparation methods without the use of organic solvent and high shear force. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75204998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Association of BMI with Lung Cancer in North Indian Population","authors":"P. Gaur, S. Bhattacharya, S. Kant, R. Kushwaha, Sarika Pandey, P. Tripathi, R. Kumar","doi":"10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundLung cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in India. It is considered as the most commonly diagnosed cancer and constitutes the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The majority of lung cancer is due to smoking. Tobacco use has been reported to be one of the main causes of lung cancer. It has been observed in previous studies that excess body weight and obesity are protective factors against lung cancer in current and former smokers. MethodsThe present study recruited 235 lung cancer patients. BMI was categorized as underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m), normal weight (BMI 18.5 to <25kg/m), overweight (BMI 25 to <30 kg/m) and obese (BMI≥30 kg/m). The study was conducted to establish the association of BMI with gender, smoking status, and histological subtypes of lung cancer. ResultsOut of 235 patients enrolled, 55.32% were underweight, 40.43% were normal weight, 3.4% of patients were classified as overweight and 0.85% was obese. This study showed a significant association of BMI with smoking status (p<0.0057), while the non-significant association with gender (p=0.75) and histological subtypes (p=0.74). ConclusionWe were concluded that significant association was found between BMI and smoking status, while non significant association was observed between BMI and gender as well as BMI and histological subtypes of lung cancer patients in the north Indian population in this study. Key-wordsBMI, Histological Subtypes, Lung Cancer, Mortality, Smoking INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in India and constitutes the leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide . Lung cancer is defined as the uncontrolled cell growth of lung tissues which may lead to metastasis, invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration beyond the lungs . The majority of lung cancer cases are due to Tobacco smoking and other environmental pollutants have been recognized as risk factors for cancer. The average five-year survival rate after diagnosis is low . It is essential to emphasize the importance of Lung Cancer prevention, and knowledge of modifiable risk factors such as environmental exposures, tobacco smoking and air pollution is prevalent among good quality epidemiological studies that explain the majority of Lung Cancer incidence . The complex interplay of etiological and psychophysical factors is believed to modify the effect of respiratory carcinogens on lung cancer initiation and prognosis . Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85627058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}