The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research最新文献

{"title":"TRPC 6 as a Molecular Target in Diabetic Nephropathy","authors":"N. Soni","doi":"10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.5.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.5.8","url":null,"abstract":"Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC6) assumes vital part in pathophysiology of DN and is up-regulated by angiotensin II, high glucose level, Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and intercede podocyte damage in Diabetes Mellitus focusing on TRPC6 may reduce podocyte damage and proteinuria. From different investigation and proof gave by analyst and author work on pathophysiological part of TRPC 6 and the medications which modify or restrain TRPC6 or its downstream molecular target propose that TRPC6 is novel molecular target. Recently distinguished ROS/TRPC6 pathway will cover the best approach to new, reassuring restorative systems to target kidney ailments, especially Diabetic Nephropathy. Key-wordsDiabetic nephropathy, TRPC6, Podocyte Injury, Proteinuria INTRODUCTION Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large family of proteins with six main subfamilies named as TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPP (polycystin), TRPML (mucolipin), and TRPA (ankyrin) sets . Classification on the basis of Amino acids Mammalian TRP channel proteins form six transmembrane cation-permeable channels that may be clustered into six subfamilies on the basis of amino acid arrangement (TRPC, TRPV, TRPM, TRPA, TRPP, and TRPML) . Many TRPs are expressed in kidney along diverse parts of the nephron and growing confirmation propose that these channels are tangled in hereditary, as well as acquired kidney disorders . The total number of different TRPs with diverse functions supports the announcement that these channels are tangled in a wide range of processes ranging from distinguishing of thermal and chemical signals to reloading intracellular stores after responding to an extracellular stimulus. Mutations in TRPs are associated to pathophysiology and specific diseases [1] Pathophysiological role of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels TRP melastatin (TRPM2) non-selective cation channels are expressed in the cytoplasm & intracellular organelles, Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85320459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Water Quality of River Ganga from Digha Ghat to Gai Ghat in Patna District, Bihar, India","authors":"S. Singh, Manish Kumar Kanth, Dhirendra Kumar, R. Raj, A. Kashyap, P. Jha, Ashutosh Anand, Kumari Puja, S. Kumari, Y. Ali, R. Lokesh, Shivam Kumar","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.5.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.5.14","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an attempt to analyze the water quality of river Ganga in Patna district. Water samples were collected from 16 different Ghats during March-May 2017. Due to heavy discharge of municipal waste and anthropogenic activities in the river the biological, chemical and physical characteristics of water have changed to a considerable extent. The objectives of this study were to find out the changes in physicochemical nature as well as biological health of river Ganga. Samples were analyzed on various physicochemical parameter i.e. Total Hardness, pH, B.O.D., and D.O. by using the standard methods and procedures. The result shown that the average pH -7.95, average, D.O.-2.91 mg/L, average B.O.D. -2.41 mg/L, average total hardness -114.72 mg/L. Microbial analysis was also conducted in terms of Most Probable Number [MPN] of total coliforms in the water sample and it shown the highest value for all samples. The presence and absence of the gas bubble in each tube were used to calculate an index known as the Most Probable Number. Key-wordsGanga, Patna, Physicochemical, Microbial, Coliforms, MPN, D.O., B.O.D., Hardness, pH INTRODUCTION Water is an essential natural resource in the world on which existence of life depends. From the history, it is well known fact that all the great civilization around the world evolved around the rivers . Due to growing population, unorganized urbanization and fast industrialization along the rivers, the quality and quantity of water resources declining. Water quality is defined in terms of its physicochemical and biological parameters . The major pollution source in river Ganga at Patna are untreated domestic sewage waste water, industrial effluents and dead bodies . Today over 29 cities, 70 towns and thousands of villages extend along the Ganga banks. All of their sewage over 1.3 billion liters per day goes directly to the river . The present investigation was carried out along 16 different Ghats of River Ganga in Patna district .Under this investigation physicochemical quality of Ganga water i.e. pH, D.O, B.O.D, and Total hardness were determined by using standard protocols. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.ijlssr.com DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.5.14 The bacteriological examination of water has a special significance for pollution studies as it is a direct measurement of effects of pollution on human health. Total coliforms are indicator organism of fecal contamination in water . Microbial analysis was performed in terms of most probable number . Presences of fecal coliform were seen in all sample of Ganga water obtained from 16 different Ghats from Digha to Gai Ghat in Patna district. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted between March-May, 2017 in Patna district, India. In the present investigation water sample were collected from 16 different Ghats of river Ganga in Patna district, Bihar state, India. Analysis of physicochemical biological properties of water samples Determi","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79475870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological Changes of Placenta Associated with Maternal Anaemia","authors":"G. C. Mondal, Anupam Baske, S. Biswas","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.5.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.5.23","url":null,"abstract":"Placenta is the mirror of fetomaternal status. The effect of anemia in pregnancy can be diverse and detrimental to the mother and the fetus. This prompted us to carry out the present study, which aimed to observe and compare the morphological features of placenta at term in anemic and non-anemic mothers of North Bengal and to find out the clinical relevance of such structural changes. Total 30 placentas were collected from each group of selected patients after delivery at labor room. Examination of placenta was conducted according to proforma. A general survey of umbilical cord, membranes, fetal surface, and maternal surface was carried out. The diameters were measured, area was estimated, and shape was noted. Placenta and fetus was weighed in the same scale. The volume was estimated by water displacement method. In anemic mothers, mean baby birth weight was found to be significantly less than that of control group. The mean placental weight in test group was significantly increased in comparison to controls. The mean placental volume and mean placental area in case of test group were significantly increased. Occurrence of morphological features, like subchorionic fibrosis; retroplacental clot, gross calcification, or placental infarction etc were found to be significantly higher in anemic mothers in comparison to non-anemic group. In the present study, it was proved that placenta has considerable functional reserve capacity. It tends to limit the ill-effects of tissue injury and of unfavorable maternal milieu like anemia. Our findings were in accordance with the previous studies in this field. Key-wordsPlacenta, Maternal anaemia, Morphological changes, Placental weight INTRODUCTION Placenta is the most accurate record of the infants’ prenatal experience [1] . It is the vital organ for maintaining pregnancy and promoting normal fetal development. The human placenta is a flattened discoid organ, which connects the fetus with the uterine wall. It has a maternal component, decidua basalis and a fetal component, chorion frondosum. The fetus and the placenta share the same genetic makeup and so therefore both should be expected to possess parallel growth potentials. Maturation of placenta causes an increase in the placental nutrient transfer capacity and thus improves placental efficiency, permitting an increase in the number of grams of fetal weight supported by every gram of placental mass. Not surprisingly “Placental insufficiency” is invoked commonly in case of impaired fetal growth [2] . Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.ijlssr.com DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.5.23 At full term the human placenta consists of: 1. Fetal surface, which is smooth, glistening, covered by the amnion and presents the insertion of the umbilical cord close to its centre. 2. Maternal surface rough, irregular consists of 15-30 cotyledons separated by fissures that arise from the folding of the basal plate. 3. Umbilical cord insertion is usually cent","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74828251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Diversity of Mosquito Larvae from Kopargaon Teshil, Dist. Ahmednagar (M.S.) India","authors":"R. G. Pawar, K. D. Thete, L. Shinde","doi":"10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.5.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.5.7","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquitoes are important groups of arthropods that inhabit freshwater habitats. The distribution pattern of adult mosquitoes is related to habitat preference of the immature stages. These habitats may be natural or man-made and temporary or permanent. Mosquitoes are carriers of number of diseases; mostly in the tropics, causing illness and death on a large scale. The survey was carried out during June 2015 to May 2016 from different ten villages of Kopargaon teshil (M.S.). Mosquito larvae were collected at different habitats, these are temporary and permanent, larvae collections were carried out regular month wise. A total 3627 mosquito larvae were collected of which were density of Culicinae were 90.21% and Anophelinae were 9.79%. During the study period seven mosquito species were identified, which are Anopheles stephensi, Culex vishnui, Culex pseudovishnui, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus. Their densities are Anopheles stephensi 9.79%, Culex vishnui 13.51%, Culex pseudovishnui 10.34%, Culex quinquefasciatus 7.2%, Aedes aegypti 26.16%, Aedes albopictus 15.08% and Armigeres subalbatus 17.92% respectively. The mosquito larval fauna providing primary checklist of mosquito vector diversity from study area. Key-wordsLarval habitat, Density, Vector mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus INTRODUCTION The distribution pattern of adult mosquitoes is related to habitat preference of the immature stages. These habitats may be natural and man-made, temporary or permanent. More ever each species has specific needs and habitats [1]. The most important group of biting insects is mosquitoes. Their biting is a considerable nuisance in many parts of the world. More importantly, mosquitoes are carriers of number of diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya, elephantiasis etc, in study area mostly in the tropics, causing illness and death on a large scale . As per WHO, near about 500million case per year globally and in India with same. The World health organization estimates that 2000 million people at risk each year there are millions of infections and thousands of deaths . Understanding the factors that regulate the size of mosquito populations is considered fundamental to the Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75779924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among Adult Patients with Viral Hepatitis C than Hepatitis B","authors":"G. Azam, Shahinul Alam, Abdullah Khan, Rubayat Sheik Giasuddin, Mobin Khan","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.5.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.5.17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Viral hepatitis B and C can lead to the end stage liver disease and diabetes mellitus is also a life-long chronic disease. Simultaneous presences of both of these conditions lead to synergistic detrimental outcome. So identification of diabetes mellitus at the initial evaluation of a patient having chronic hepatitis B and C is essential. Materials and methods: This study was designed as a retrospective single center cross-sectional study. The association of viral hepatitis B and C with diabetes mellitus was investigated at the Liver Centre Dhaka, Bangladesh for a period of 12 years. HBsAg was tested for hepatitis B virus infection and anti-HCV for hepatitis C virus infection. Demographic profile and biochemical data were retrieved from records. Results: A total of 29425 cases were analyzed in the study [median age 31(19–95) years, 24615(84%) males]. HBsAg positive were 27475 and hepatitis C were 1950. Patients with hepatitis C were older than hepatitis B (p<0.001). Although previous history of jaundice was similar in both infections but history of blood transfusion was more common among hepatitis C patients (p<0.001). Analyzing different conditions of liver disease, it was observed that hepatitis B virus infection was highly responsible for acute hepatitis than hepatitis C (10.7% vs 1.1%) (p<0.001). Chronic hepatitis was similar in rate (73.3% vs 59.9%). But in both conditions of cirrhosis of liver like compensated and decompensated states, hepatitis C virus was significantly responsible than the hepatitis B virus 24.7% vs 9.6% (p<0.001) and 14.3% vs 6.4% (p<0.001) respectively. The most significant finding was very higher rate of diabetes among hepatitis C which was 22.6% while only 1.8% among hepatitis B virus infection (p<0.001). Conclusion: Hepatitis C virus was highly related with the presence of diabetes than hepatitis B. Key-wordsDiabetes mellitus, Prevalence, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus INTRODUCTION Globally two billion people are infected with HBV, and 350 millions of them have chronic (lifelong) infections, who are at high risk of death from liver cirrhosis and liver cancer that kill more than one million people globally each year. Different studies in Bangladesh showed that seroprevalence of hepatitis B is 3.1-4-2%. A recent report showed 5.5% HBsAg positivity among the general population living in Savar, a semi-urban area on the outskirts of Dhaka. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78317464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversible Antifertility Effect of Cassia tora Linn in Male Rats","authors":"S. Khan, P. Mali","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.5.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.5.26","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plant Cassia tora has been used in traditional and modern medicines for different pharmacological activities. Objectives: The present investigation has been taken to observe and evaluate effects of Cassia tora on the reproduction functions of male rats in search a safe, orally effective and reversible fertility regulating agent. Materials and Methods: Fifty percent ethanolic extract of Cassia tora was prepared and administered orally in male Wistar rats at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg.b.wt./rat/day dose levels respectively for a period of 60 days and some of the treated rats were kept 30 days for recovery of fertility to assessed reversibility effects. Hematological indices, serum clinical investigations were also performed to assess toxic effects if any caused in rats by treatment. Proteins, cholesterol, glycogen, ascorbic acid, sialic acid and fructose level were analyzed in rats. Serum FSH, LH and Testosterone levels were measure. Rats were castrated to evaluate effects on reproductive functions of hormones and mode of action of the Cassia tora treatment. For histopathological observations tissues were fixed in Bouin’s fluid, dehydrated, sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Results: Treatment of Cassia tora significantly reduced the weights of testes and accessory sex organs. Sperm density and motility were declined high significantly. Levels of Testosterone and FSH hormone were significantly decreased in rats. The protein, sialic acid, fructose, ascorbic acid and glycogen contents of reproductive accessory sex organs were decreased significantly. Germinal epithelium of testes degenerated and number of spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa in lumen of seminiferous tubules reduced. Conclusions: The decreased testes and accessory sex organs weights, sperm motility, density and testosterone level in rats might be due to androgen suppression effects of Cassia tora treatment cause inhibition of spermatogenesis resulted reduction of fertility in treated male rats. Key-wordsCassia tora, Contraception, Fertility, Sperm motility, Sperm density, Male rat INTRODUCTION The population explosion creates immense pressure on our natural and non-renewable resources leading to social economic imbalances and political tension [1-2] . Fertility regulation has therefore, become a major global concern [3-5] . Although, there are several types of contraceptive methods are available for fertility control in male and females, but all of these were find one or more side effects. Survey of literature enumerate that the use of plants products as antifertility agent cause minimal or no side effects as compared to currently available conventional contraceptive methods especially oral. Literature reveals that the plants and their products were used for fertility regulation since hazards of uncontrolled population were visualized [6-9] . Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85363271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Results of Intramedullary Fixation of Paediatric Fracture Shaft Femur by Titanium Elastic Nail","authors":"Deep Srivastav, Mithlesh Kumar, A. Mohan","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.5.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.5.16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Femoral shaft fractures are most common fractures in paediatric orthopaedic age group. There are distinct methodologies to treat them. Elastic stable intramedullary nailing is one in every of them and a longtime and reliable methodology for treating these fractures. Aims: To evaluate the clinical, functional and radiological outcome of intramedullary fixation of displaced fracture shaft femur in skeletally immature children using titanium elastic intramedullary nails. Material and Methods: 65 Femoral shaft fracture in 60 children aged 6-14 years were fixed with titanium intramedullary elastic nail under image intensifier control between July 2013 and June 2017.Two nails of proper and equal diameter were used for fracture fixation. No external splint was used after surgery. Outcomes assessed on the basis of Flynn et al scoring criterion. Results: All patients achieved complete healing at a mean of 9.5 weeks. 51 fracture reduced by closed means but 14 needs open reduction. Common size of elastic nail used was 3mm. no major complication was recorded all were minor and can be taken care off. Most common was entry site skin irritation recorded in 10 patients. 90% had excellent result and 10% had satisfactory. Conclusion: Elastic stable intramedullary nailing is the method of choice for the Femoral shaft fracture in paediatric patients, because it is minimally invasive and provide six point fixation and shows very good functional and cosmetic result. It allows early ambulation and shorter hospital stay and higher parent satisfaction. ESIN also provide flexural, translational and rotational stability as well. Key-wordsElastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN), Titanium elastic nail (TEN), Femoral shaft fracture, Paediatric INTRODUCTION Surgical treatment of long bones fractures in children must first consider the fact that excellent results can be achieved with non operative treatment, with reported union rates of more than 90% and 100% full functional recovery. [1] Occasionally reduction cannot be maintained due to excessive shortening, angulations, or malrotation at the fracture site, making operative intervention necessary. [2] Fracture treatment in children relies on rapid healing and spontaneous correction of angulated fractures; therefore most of the diaphyseal fractures can be treated by plaster alone. Operative treatment of children’s fracture is often looked at critically. [3] Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88720150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Pulmonary Capacity and Prevalence of Pulmonary Dysfunctions of Bell Metal Workers in Relation to their work Experience and Smoking Habit","authors":"Nabajit Das, Hiranmoy Mahata, P. Dhara","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"The bell metal works is the oldest cottage industries mainly clustered around the Bankura, Purulia and Medinipur (W) districts in West Bengal, India. The smelting, hammering, scraping and paddle rolling are the most predominant activities in their Bell Metal work process. During work, different types of metal fumes are sublimated to their working environment. The present study was to investigate the prevalence of pulmonary dysfunctions of these workers. 363 workers were randomly selected by them 263 were exposed and 100 were control workers. The prevalence of pulmonary symptoms was determined by a standardized questionnaire. Pulmonary indices viz. FVC%, FEV1%, FEF25%–75%, FEV1/FVC%, MVV-Index and PEFR were measured by a digital spirometer and smoking frequency was determined by Nitti Index. Study results revealed that there were significant differences in height (p<0.05), weight and BMI (p<0.001) between the exposed and control groups. All pulmonary indices were significantly (p<0.05 or less) lower in exposures than controls. The prevalence of different pulmonary diseases viz., COPD (p<0.05), asthma (p<0.001), wheezing (p<0.01) and breathlessness (p<0.001) were significantly higher in exposures than that of the control. It was concluded that the exposures had reduced pulmonary capacity, which might be due to expose of different gases, fumes and other pulmonary irritants. The occurrences of pulmonary diseases were higher in bell metal workers than that of non-exposed workers. Smoking and work experience may be additive adverse effect on it. Key-wordsBell Metal Worker, Pulmonary diseases, pulmonary capacity, Smoking INTRODUCTION Bell metal is an alloy consisting mainly of 78% copper (Cu) and 22% of tin (Sn) in 78:22. In addition, it may contain metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), silica (Si), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), arsenic (As) etc, which may be added intentionally to improve the quality of the alloy or may be present as impurities. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84256905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lead Accumulation and its Effects on Growth and Biochemical Parameters in Tagetes erecta L","authors":"K. Shah, A. Mankad, M. Reddy","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Tagetes erecta L. was raised in pots containing soil treated with various concentrations of Pb(NO3)2 (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500mg/kg). At maturity plants were separated into root, stem, leaves and inflorescence and lead accumulated in each part was quantified. The effects of lead accumulation on growth was analyzed by the measurement of various growth parameters like root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot and total leaf area per plant. Moreover effect of lead accumulation on biochemical parameters was checked by quantitative estimation of various biochemical parameters like chlorophyll, total protein, free amino acids, total sugar, reducing sugar and starch. Results showed that there is no remarkable negative effect of accumulation of lead on the morphological growth of the plant. Biochemical analysis showed that amount of total protein continuously decreased whereas that of free amino acids continuously increased with increasing concentrations of lead. Amount of chlorophyll, total sugar, reducing sugar and starch contents continuously increased till mid-level i.e., Pb 1500 mg/kg and then continuously decreased at higher concentrations. Results of quantitative estimation of Pb in root, stem, leaves and inflorescence showed that roots accumulated highest amount of Pb followed by stem and leaves, whereas inflorescence contained least amount of Pb. Key-wordsLead (Pb), Heavy metal, Tagetes erecta L., Accumulation, Phytoremediation INTRODUCTION Heavy metal pollution is one of the severe problems faced by the world today. As a consequence of the industrial revolution there is an enormous and increasing demand for heavy metals that leads to high anthropogenic emission of heavy metals in the biosphere. Their accumulation in soil becomes dangerous to all kind of organisms including plants. These are a unique class of toxicants since they cannot be broken down to non-toxic forms easily. Metals like Pb, Hg, Cd, Ar, and Cr have no biological function and are toxic to life even at very low concentration. Lead is a potentially toxic heavy metal with characteristic toxic action and is the main source of environmental pollution. Lead is one of the potentially toxic heavy metal pollutants of the environment with no known biological function and its concentrations are rapidly increased in Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87989022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Reduction Properties of Enzyme Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex. Hansen on Some Selected Compounds","authors":"Saif Khan","doi":"10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.4.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.4.19","url":null,"abstract":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Family: Saccharomycetaceae) is a Basidiomycetes fungus that is used in day to day life for human welfare ranging from food to medicines depending upon the type of strains and uses. Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) is an important enzyme produced by the Saccharomyces fungus that catalyzes the many oxidation-reduction reaction in nature. The present study focuses on the reduction properties of the enzyme ADH on compounds like Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD), Dicholorophenol Indophenol (DCPIP), and Acetophenone using Spectrophotometric assays. The aim and hypothesis of the present study was to extract the enzyme in Crude and Immobilized form and to check the best reduction of compounds in either form. The activity of enzyme in Crude and Immobilized was mathematically calculated and was expressed in Units of enzyme activity per ml of the ADH enzyme on respective compounds used for study. Successfully the ADH was extracted in both forms, but reduction of compounds at best was observed in Immobilized Enzyme form. Key-wordsSaccharomyces cerevisiae, Alcohol Dehydrogenase, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, Dicholorophenol Indophenol, Acetophenone INTRODUCTION Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH), part of the oxidoreductase family, catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols, using NAD or NADP as an electron acceptor. It is constitutive enzyme that reduces the acetaldehyde to ethanol during the fermentation of glucose. The reaction is reversible and substrates can be variety of primary or secondary alcohols and hemiacetals. Alcohol Dehydrogenase is present in most organisms, with that of yeast being the most active form of the enzyme . The alcohol dehydrogenases comprise a group of several isozymes that catalyze the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones respectively and also can catalyze the reverse reaction . Generally Baker’s Yeast (Sacchromyces cerevisiae) is a good source of enzyme . Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76683308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}