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The Margins of Intermediate Goods Trade: Theory and Evidence 中间产品贸易边际:理论与证据
The International economy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.06.ta
Ara Tomohiro, Zhang Hongyong
{"title":"The Margins of Intermediate Goods Trade: Theory and Evidence","authors":"Ara Tomohiro, Zhang Hongyong","doi":"10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.06.ta","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.06.ta","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a heterogeneous-firm model in which firms in asymmetric countries in terms of sizes and trade costs export and import intermediate goods subject to selection. We show that the elasticity with respect to variable trade costs is greater for intermediate goods than for final goods, mainly due to the extensive margin. Using China Customs data with tariff-gravity data, we empirically assess the impact of tariffs as well as distances on China’s imports and find empirical evidence in support of our prediction of the model.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74513422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Simple Model of Competition Policies, Trade, and the Skill Premium 竞争政策、贸易和技能溢价的简单模型
The International economy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY/IE2020.23.03.YK
Yoshinori Kurokawa
{"title":"A Simple Model of Competition Policies, Trade, and the Skill Premium","authors":"Yoshinori Kurokawa","doi":"10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY/IE2020.23.03.YK","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY/IE2020.23.03.YK","url":null,"abstract":"How competition policies interact with international trade has been one of the so-called \"new issues\" in the WTO. We develop a simple, general equilibrium model to examine the possible interaction between domestic competition policies and trade. In the model, cartels are allowed in that a certain set of firms collude in decision-making, and efficiency gains from a cartel exist in that the fixed costs are shared within a cartel. Then we first show, in a closed economy model, that entry deregulation that reduces the fixed costs of entry can increase the skill premium by increasing the number of firms and decreasing firm size, while an antitrust policy that reduces the size of cartels can decrease the skill premium by decreasing the number of firms and increasing firm size. We next extend the model to a two-country model. In the case of asymmetric countries, though the effects are not clear, our numerical examples show a possibility that entry deregulation and antitrust policy in one country, respectively, can increase and decrease the skill premia in both countries through trade; however, the domestic skill premium is changed by a greater percentage than the foreign one. Finally, available U.S. data show that our model does appear to be empirically relevant.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"548 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86972940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Endogenous Vertical Structure and Trade Policy in an Import-competing Market with Fulfilled Expectations 内生垂直结构与满足预期的进口竞争市场贸易政策
The International economy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.10.kl
Ki‐Dong Lee, Kangsik Choi, Dongjoon Lee
{"title":"Endogenous Vertical Structure and Trade Policy in an Import-competing Market with Fulfilled Expectations","authors":"Ki‐Dong Lee, Kangsik Choi, Dongjoon Lee","doi":"10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.10.kl","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.10.kl","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the endogenous determination of vertical organization structure (i.e., vertical integration or separation) when an optimal import tariff is implemented in an import - competing market, where one home firm and one foreign firm engage in price competition under network externalities. The optimal import tariff is higher when the foreign exporting firm is vertically separated than when it is integrated. If firms commit to vertical organization before trade policy, then the for eign firm chooses vertical integration but home firm chooses vertical separation (integration) if network externalities are weak (strong). In addition, the behavior of home firm in a relatively low network externalities is inconsistent with social opti -mum.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83723927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vertical Specialization and Wage Inequality: A Simple Model of Monopolistic Competition 垂直专业化与工资不平等:垄断竞争的一个简单模型
The International economy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.09.my
Morihiro Yomogida
{"title":"Vertical Specialization and Wage Inequality: A Simple Model of Monopolistic Competition","authors":"Morihiro Yomogida","doi":"10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.09.my","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.09.my","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the relationship between vertical specialization and skilled unskilled wage inequality by using a monopolistic competition model in which firms can disintegrate their production activities between countries. We develop a new diagrammatic exposition to show that vertical specialization arises, i.e., a country produces final goods by using domestic labor with imported inputs and exports final goods abroad. We show that a country with a larger share of vertical specialization has greater wage inequality.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79080256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Welfare Effect of Foreign Productivity and Quality Growth: A Quantitative Analysis 国外生产率的福利效应与质量增长:一个定量分析
The International economy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.05.tf
T. Furusawa, Y. Sugita
{"title":"The Welfare Effect of Foreign Productivity and Quality Growth: A Quantitative Analysis","authors":"T. Furusawa, Y. Sugita","doi":"10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.05.tf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.05.tf","url":null,"abstract":"Is the growth of emerging economies a benefit or a threat for the rest of the world? Ikema (1969, Oxford Economic Papers) theoretically demonstrated that a country’s productivity growth normally benefits other countries. Ohyama (1998, Mita Journal of Economics; 2010, Keio Economic Studies) demonstrated that a country’s quality growth may hurt other countries if consumer preference exbihits home bias for quality. Using a multi-country, multi-industry Ricardian model of global value chains allowing quality home bias, this paper estimates the productivity growth and the quality growth of emerging economies during 1995-2007 and quantifies their welfare effects on Japan and other countries.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"390 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80356310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Introduction to the Special Issue in Memory of Michihiro Ohyama and Makoto Ikema 纪念大山道弘、池沼诚特刊简介
The International economy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.11.tf
T. Furusawa, Y. Shirai
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue in Memory of Michihiro Ohyama and Makoto Ikema","authors":"T. Furusawa, Y. Shirai","doi":"10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.11.tf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.11.tf","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87420104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Misconduct and Innovation as a Response to Global Competitive Pressure 应对全球竞争压力的不当行为与创新
The International economy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.01.mt
M. Tsumagari
{"title":"Misconduct and Innovation as a Response to Global Competitive Pressure","authors":"M. Tsumagari","doi":"10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.01.mt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.23.01.mt","url":null,"abstract":"This article theoretically examines the effect of an intensified global competition. Since consumers observe product quality imperfectly, inefficient firms are incentivized to supply less valuable goods deceptively, which spreads consumers’ distrust of the market. On the other hand, escaping its negative externality, efficient firms undertake innovation to build trust with consumers. Using a model that describes this market dynamism, this article shows that in some circumstances, the intense competition negatively affects average domestic product quality, social welfare, and, inequality across firms.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89390568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Industrial Policy and Firm’s R&D Choice under Process and Product R&D 过程与产品研发下的产业政策与企业研发选择
The International economy Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.24.01.yt
Yumiko Taba
{"title":"Industrial Policy and Firm’s R&D Choice under Process and Product R&D","authors":"Yumiko Taba","doi":"10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.24.01.yt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/internationaleconomy/ie2020.24.01.yt","url":null,"abstract":"This study clarifies how governments’ industrial policies affect the firm’s R&D choice when firms simultaneously conduct both cost - reducing process and quality improving product R&D. We found the following results. Under Cournot competition, while output increases when quality improves and/or the production cost decreases, output decreases as the proportion of product R&D becomes higher compared to that of process R&D. Under Bertrand competition, whether prices become higher or lower depends on the degree of fraction of investment in two types of R&D. If firms only conduct one of the two kinds of R&D, this effect does not exist. A government always subsidizes its domestic firm’s R&D investments.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83782129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Theories of trade and growth with heterogeneous firms and asymmetric countries 异质企业和不对称国家的贸易与增长理论
The International economy Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5652/internationaleconomy.ie2019.03.tn
Takumi Naito
{"title":"Theories of trade and growth with heterogeneous firms and asymmetric countries","authors":"Takumi Naito","doi":"10.5652/internationaleconomy.ie2019.03.tn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/internationaleconomy.ie2019.03.tn","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes two models of trade and growth with heterogeneous firms and asymmetric countries based on the author’s recent research. After introducing the Melitz model with two symmetric countries and the Baldwin - Robert - Nicoud and related endogenous growth models, we allow for asymmetric countries by giving up either firms’ infinite horizon or transitional dynamics. We focus on the effects of policy shocks on countries’ productivity cutoffs, which provide much information about countries’ welfare and growth. We first see how the cutoffs are determined under symmetric countries, and then how they are additionally affected by endoge nous factor prices under asymmetric countries.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74327487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Studies on Time Zones and International Trade:An Introductory Overview 时区与国际贸易研究:概论
The International economy Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.IE2019.01.NN
Noritsugu Nakanishi
{"title":"Studies on Time Zones and International Trade:An Introductory Overview","authors":"Noritsugu Nakanishi","doi":"10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.IE2019.01.NN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5652/INTERNATIONALECONOMY.IE2019.01.NN","url":null,"abstract":"Trade in services has become an active area in the international scene of the modern economy. In addition, recent advancement of the information communication technology (ICT) such as the Internet has brought about revolutionary changes in the ways through which international services transactions are made. In relation to this global trend, the notion of “time zone difference’’ has come into play as a new driver of international transactions. In this article we give an overview of the studies concerning the time zone difference and international trade. Theoretical literature emphasizes a positive, trade - facilitating effect (i.e., “continuity effect’’) of the time zone difference. In addition to the continuity effect, empirical literature finds some pieces of evidence of an opposite effect (i.e., “synchronization effect’’) that suppresses trade between countries. Empirical literature also finds that the continuity effect is more important in services sector (than in goods sector) and for those countries that enjoy higher levels of ICT infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":22492,"journal":{"name":"The International economy","volume":"240 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74724147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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