The Dhaka University Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Customer Orientation Posture on Transient Competitive Advantage Adoption among Private Hospitals in Nairobi City County, Kenya","authors":"Veronicah Kaluyu, Lawrence Odollo","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.290","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic changes in business environment have led to switch from pursuit of sustained competitive advantage to transient competitive advantage which enables the firm to adapt swiftly to a fast-changing environment. This study’s’ purpose was to assess the influence customer orientation, on the adoption of transient competitive advantage by private multi-practice hospitals in Nairobi City County, Kenya. This study was guided by the dynamic capability theory of the firm and McGrath (2013) transient competitive advantage theory. The study adopted a descriptive correlational survey research design. The total target population was 400 hospital administrators from which a sample size of 200 respondents was selected using Stratified random sampling method. To enhance reliability and validity of study instruments, a pilot study was carried out whereby a reliability coefficient of 0.7 was considered acceptable. Analysis of data was done within acceptance margin of error of 0.95. Regression beta coefficients were used to examine influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable among private multi-practice hospitals in Nairobi City County in Kenya. The study found out that that customer orientation had a statistically significant influence on transient competitive advantage (β= 0.246(t=.000) with model prediction of R square 0.218 significant at F=.000) The study concludes that customer orientation strategic postures has a statistically significant influence on transient competitive advantage among private multi-practice hospitals in Nairobi city County in Keny. Thus the study recommends the hospitals’ policy reviews to capture these areas for improvement: review policy to revamp customer needs surveys, competition analysis, increase customer responsiveness and after service care. The study findings may be important to the management of private hospitals in Kenya with regard to strategic posturing and adoption of transient competitive advantage and also in effort to ensure continuous improvement of customer service among HealthCare services.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135244439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Strategic Aggressiveness Posture on Transient Competitive Advantage Adoption among Private Hospitals in Nairobi City County, Kenya","authors":"Veronicah Kaluyu, Lawrence Odollo","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.291","url":null,"abstract":"Hyper dynamic business environment has rendered the pursuit of sustained competitive advantage untenable, hence the need to focus on transient competitive advantage which is a combination of various factors, which result in the ability of the firm to adapt swiftly to a fast-changing environment. This study’s’ purpose was to assess the influence of strategic aggressiveness posture on adoption of transient competitive advantage. The precise objective of the study entailed was to assess the influence of strategic aggressiveness posture on the adoption of transient competitive advantage by private multi-practice hospitals in Nairobi City County, Kenya. This study was guided by the dynamic capability theory of the firm and McGrath transient competitive advantage theory. The study adopted a descriptive correlational survey research design. The total target population was 400 hospital administrators from which a sample size of 200 respondents was selected using Stratified random sampling method. To enhance reliability and validity of study instruments, a pilot study was carried out whereby a reliability coefficient of 0.7 was considered acceptable. Both descriptive and inferential data analysis methods were used to analyze data. Analysis of data was done within acceptance margin of error of 0.95. Regression beta coefficients were used to examine influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable among private multi-practice hospitals in Nairobi city County in Kenya. The study found out that that strategic aggressiveness posture had a statistically significant influence on transient competitive advantage (β= 0.397(t=.000) and with model prediction of R square 0.292 significant at F=.000). The study concludes that strategic aggressiveness posture has a statistically significant influence on transient competitive advantage among private multi-practice hospitals in Nairobi city County in Kenya. Thus the study recommends the hospitals’ policy reviews to capture these areas for improvement: review policy to revamp competition analysis, increase market assertiveness and soldier towards best cost provision as well as adopt unpredictability in services differentiation.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Management Accounting Practices and Financial Performance of Small and Medium Manufacturing Enterprises in Nairobi City County, Kenya","authors":"Marion Mbogo, Clement Olando, Jimmy Macharia","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.288","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies acknowledge that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are key drivers to Kenya's economic development. Many of these SMEs face persistent constraints and do not realize their full potential, with many failing within their first three years of operation. A possible cause for the high failure rate is poor financial performance. Existing literature highlights one remedy as the use of strategic management accounting practices. This paper investigated the influence of strategic management accounting practices (SMAPs) on the financial performance of small and medium manufacturing enterprises (SMMEs) in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study used self-reporting opinion questions on Return on Investments (ROI), Return on Assets (ROA) and net profit margin as financial measures. A descriptive research design was used. Target population was 693 SMMEs in Nairobi. Data was collected through a self-administered cross-sectional survey. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 254 SMMEs with 156 usable responses. Data was analyzed using structural equation modelling to explain the relationships among multiple variables for SMAPs and financial performance. Results of hypothesis testing revealed that SMAPs significantly influence financial performance (chi-square (χ2) = 612.82, DF = 171, p-value = 0.000, CMIN/DF (x2 /df = 3.584, RMSEA = 0.114, IFI= 0.857, CFI= 0.856, NFI= 0.819, GFI =0.806, AGFI=0.751), where the model explains 43.7% in the variations on financial performance of SMMEs. Results suggest that the financial performance of SMMEs can be improved by deploying SMAPs. The study recommends that SMMEs should be encouraged to adopt SMAPs through policy and practice.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135538801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotion Dysregulation Linked to Depression Symptoms in a Sub-Saharan Sample of Adolescent University Students","authors":"Bernice Nderitu, Michael Kihara, Dana Basnight-Brown","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.283","url":null,"abstract":"Emotions are fundamental to human development and survival across the lifespan. Adolescence is a volatile and critical developmental period characterized by frequent high-intensity positive and negative emotions. Emotion dysregulation and depression symptoms are common occurrences in adolescence. This study explored the association between emotion regulation difficulties and depressive symptoms in adolescents. The study was anchored on the extended process model of emotion regulation. The study employed a descriptive-analytical design and sampled 352 adolescents, ages 18-19, from the United States International University-Africa, Kenya. SPSS® v28 was used to analyze data and apply descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found no gender or ethnic differences in emotion regulation. However, there was a significant association between emotion regulation difficulties and depression, χ2 (3) = 12.133, p = 0.007, V = 0.186, and a positive and significant linear relationship between the variables, r (352) = 0.229, p < 0.001, r2 = 0.052. Notably, the higher the emotion regulation difficulties, the higher the depression levels. The study concluded that emotionally dysregulated adolescent university students are particularly vulnerable to developing psychological symptoms of depression.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135152290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Internalized Moral Perspective on Resilience of the Kenyan Health System","authors":"Osoro Joan Kemunto, Teresia K.K. Linge","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.279","url":null,"abstract":"Internalized Moral Perspective is a construct of authentic leadership. It provides moral reasoning which confers self-regulation to individuals, organizations and systems in the face of acute and chronic shocks. This paper looks at internalized moral perspective through the lens of two sub-constructs: capability approach and consequential evaluation. The Study was carried out between March and September 2022 – response phase of pandemic response. The sampling frame consisted of Level 5 and 6 hospitals that served 8 counties identified as high risk for COVID-19 in Kenya. A modified Authentic Leadership Questionnaire was administered face-to-face, through email or through WhatsApp. Twenty six (26) hospitals responded (two Level 6, and twenty-four Level 5 hospitals). The Study revealed a high score of Internalized Moral Perspective = 17.9. Nakuru and Garissa County expressed the highest level of Internalized Moral perspective while Kakamega had the lowest expression. There was a weak positive linear correlation with Resilience Index (rho = 0.147) and a good path analysis (t = 2.016, p <0.05). Thus, the Study rejected the null hypothesis that stated, internalized moral perspective does not influence resilience index in the Kenyan health system. The Study concluded that internalized moral perspective not only confers resilience to the Kenyan health system, but is also an opportunity for growth in order to confer cultural competence to the leaders. The Study recommended increased experience sharing in disaster response and adoption of crisis outreach model for mental health. Experience sharing needs to be not only in-hospital but also, inter-hospital and inter-county for better resilience. Channels include: continuous medical education, conferences, seminars, workshops and publications.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135551801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Symptoms of PTSD among Inpatients with Substance Use Disorders in Drug Rehabilitation Centres in Nairobi, Kenya","authors":"Audrey Onyango, Michael Kihara, Stella Nyagwencha","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.281","url":null,"abstract":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) are two mental conditions that often coexist and can exacerbate each other's effects. The study aimed to establish the prevalence of symptoms of PTSD in a sample of 178 individuals undergoing substance use rehabilitation in Nairobi, Kenya. This study employed a quantitative, correlational approach. Data was collected using a customized socio-demographic questionnaire and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist (PCL 5). Analysis used the Statistical Package for Social Scientists Version 28 (SPSS v. 28). The results indicated that 42.7% of participants exhibited symptoms of PTSD. Regarding socio-demographic characteristics, the prevalence of PTSD was higher in females (50.0%) in those aged between 18 -27 years (50.0%) in the widowed (50.0%), those who had completed college (50.0%) and the unemployed (48.3%). A further analysis to determine whether the prevalence is associated with various socio-demographic characteristics; gender, age, marital status, level of education, and employment status showed no statistically significant association. Consequently, the study recommends ongoing PTSD screenings for individuals in inpatient treatment centres to enhance the likelihood of successful treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135551793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Governance and Profitability of Manufacturing and Allied Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya","authors":"Malgit Amos Akims, Kanang Amos Akims, Oliver Mukweyi Pyoko","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.280","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the effect of corporate governance on the profitability of manufacturing and allied firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The study was anchored by agency theory and stakeholder theory. Nine manufacturing and allied firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya constituted the target population and a census approach was adopted. The study found that board size had significant implications on the profitability of manufacturing and allied firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya (p= 0.009, β= -0.023). It was established that board independence is significant in predicting profitability (p= 0.011, β= -0.001). External audit quality had a significant effect on profitability (p= 0.001, β= 0.258). Institutional ownership was significant in determining profitability (p= 0.000, β= 0.002). The study recommends that listed manufacturing and allied firms should ensure that an effective board is constituted which is optimum in size. The study further recommends that a blended board should be ensured comprising of both executive and non-executive directors which reflects the level of independence of the board. It was also recommended that firms should ensure that a highly reputable external auditor is appointed. In addition, firms should strive towards having a higher proportion of institutional shareholding to outstanding shareholdings. Given the 53.53 percent unexplained variation in profitability, further studies on manufacturing and allied firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya can consider other corporate governance attributes.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135551794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MHD in a Porous Medium across Parallel Plates with Mass Transfer in a Rotating System","authors":"Francis Onduso Momanyi, Maurine Maraka Wafula","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.272","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated MHD flow in a porous medium across parallel plates with mass transfer in a rotating system. The governing equation of momentum were non-dimensionalised on velocity and concentration gradient. The resulting equations were then transformed using FD to fit some algebraic matrices solved by computer software (MATLAB). The end equations were analysed for velocity and concentration profile. The numerical data on concentration and velocity profile were recorded and presented graphically for interpretation and discussed. Some of the results revealed that velocity decreases when magnetic parameter and Grashof number increases. The knowledge obtained from this study can be applied in real life situations such as engineering and industries such as polymer processing.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Resource Training and Development and Adoption of Solar Photovoltaics in Climate Smart Agriculture in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya","authors":"David K. Korir, Caren O. Ouma, Timothy C. Okech","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.273","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to examine the influence of Human Resource training and development on the adoption of solar energy technology in Climate Smart Agriculture in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study adopted a positivist philosophy and a descriptive correlational research design targeting the County's 240 executive, policy, legislative, and decision-making level staff as of December 2022. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire that was pilot-tested and refined before final data collection. Data collected was analyzed in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 28. Chi-Square test results confirmed a strong association between HR training and development and solar PV adoption {χ² (2546, N = 152) = 2739.667, p < .05}. Results revealed that HR training and development significantly predicted solar PV adoption, β = 1.739, t (152) = 19.548, p < .05, and stakeholder perceptions significantly moderated the relationship between HR training and development and solar PV adoption in the County. Thus, the study rejected the hypothesis that HR training and development did not significantly influence solar PV adoption. The study recommended that the county leadership allocate more financial resources and solar energy experts for training technicians and artisans.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Development of Human Capital Competencies on Crises Preparedness in Manufacturing Firms within the Kenya Association of Manufacturers","authors":"Paul Wanyagah, Caren O. Ouma, Gabriel Okello","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.276","url":null,"abstract":"To survive and thrive in a dynamic and complex competitive environment riddled with crises, manufacturing firms need to enhance their crises preparedness. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of development of human capital competencies on crises preparedness in manufacturing firms within the Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM). The research adopted the positivism approach as the research philosophy and utilized descriptive correlational research design. The study population consisted of 783 chief executive officers from the KAM where a sample of 292 was drawn using stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire whereas descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to perform data analysis. Descriptive statistics focused on relative frequency distribution, means and standard deviation while inferential statistics included ordinal logistic regression. The study results are presented in form of table and numerical measures with descriptions. The results indicate that development of human capital competencies was a significant predictor of crises preparedness of manufacturing firms (β = 1.025, p < 0.05). The study concludes that development of human capital competencies is vital for the crises preparedness of the manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study recommends to corporate leaders to continually invest in human capital to create a learning organization in harmony with their companies’ purpose, intent, mission and objectives.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135983522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}