The Dhaka University Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Symptoms of PTSD among Inpatients with Substance Use Disorders in Drug Rehabilitation Centres in Nairobi, Kenya","authors":"Audrey Onyango, Michael Kihara, Stella Nyagwencha","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.281","url":null,"abstract":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) are two mental conditions that often coexist and can exacerbate each other's effects. The study aimed to establish the prevalence of symptoms of PTSD in a sample of 178 individuals undergoing substance use rehabilitation in Nairobi, Kenya. This study employed a quantitative, correlational approach. Data was collected using a customized socio-demographic questionnaire and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist (PCL 5). Analysis used the Statistical Package for Social Scientists Version 28 (SPSS v. 28). The results indicated that 42.7% of participants exhibited symptoms of PTSD. Regarding socio-demographic characteristics, the prevalence of PTSD was higher in females (50.0%) in those aged between 18 -27 years (50.0%) in the widowed (50.0%), those who had completed college (50.0%) and the unemployed (48.3%). A further analysis to determine whether the prevalence is associated with various socio-demographic characteristics; gender, age, marital status, level of education, and employment status showed no statistically significant association. Consequently, the study recommends ongoing PTSD screenings for individuals in inpatient treatment centres to enhance the likelihood of successful treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135551793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Governance and Profitability of Manufacturing and Allied Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya","authors":"Malgit Amos Akims, Kanang Amos Akims, Oliver Mukweyi Pyoko","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.280","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the effect of corporate governance on the profitability of manufacturing and allied firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The study was anchored by agency theory and stakeholder theory. Nine manufacturing and allied firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya constituted the target population and a census approach was adopted. The study found that board size had significant implications on the profitability of manufacturing and allied firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya (p= 0.009, β= -0.023). It was established that board independence is significant in predicting profitability (p= 0.011, β= -0.001). External audit quality had a significant effect on profitability (p= 0.001, β= 0.258). Institutional ownership was significant in determining profitability (p= 0.000, β= 0.002). The study recommends that listed manufacturing and allied firms should ensure that an effective board is constituted which is optimum in size. The study further recommends that a blended board should be ensured comprising of both executive and non-executive directors which reflects the level of independence of the board. It was also recommended that firms should ensure that a highly reputable external auditor is appointed. In addition, firms should strive towards having a higher proportion of institutional shareholding to outstanding shareholdings. Given the 53.53 percent unexplained variation in profitability, further studies on manufacturing and allied firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya can consider other corporate governance attributes.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135551794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Emotional Support on Humanitarian Aid Response in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas in Kenya","authors":"Mohamed Abdullahi, Jeremiah Ole Koshal","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.277","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of emotional support on humanitarian aid response in arid and semi-arid areas in Kenya. The study used a positivism approach and explanatory research design. The target population was 5996 from which a sample of 375 respondents was obtained using the Yamane formula. Structured questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect the data. The study used a stratified random technique to select the respondents. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis and presented in prose form. Moreover, SPSS Version 25 was used to organize and analyze the quantitative data. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented in tables and graphs. The study found that emotional support is positively and significantly related to humanitarian aid response in the Arid and Semi-Arid areas in Kenya (β=0.520, p=0.000). The results indicate that a unitary increase in emotional support will increase the humanitarian aid response in the Arid and Semi-Arid areas in Kenya by 0.520 units when other factors are held constant. The study concludes that emotional support encourages an individual to work hard at reaching goals, increasing humanitarian aid responses. Emotional support involves listening and empathizing with the team members, which positively impacts the delivery of humanitarian aid. Motivation drives individuals to work hard to achieve goals, thus increasing humanitarian aid response. Employees who trust leaders are less likely to quit, increasing humanitarian aid responses. Emotional support is an essential leadership ingredient that binds any relationship into a practical and working partnership. It is recommended that the management of the NGOs involved in the humanitarian aid response should concentrate more on emotional support. The management of NGOs should consider increasing the monetary benefits package they give to the team members. In addition, the management teams in organizations should always carry out a thorough study of the various motivational tools that can motivate employees. The management should listen to the view of the team members.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MHD in a Porous Medium across Parallel Plates with Mass Transfer in a Rotating System","authors":"Francis Onduso Momanyi, Maurine Maraka Wafula","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.272","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated MHD flow in a porous medium across parallel plates with mass transfer in a rotating system. The governing equation of momentum were non-dimensionalised on velocity and concentration gradient. The resulting equations were then transformed using FD to fit some algebraic matrices solved by computer software (MATLAB). The end equations were analysed for velocity and concentration profile. The numerical data on concentration and velocity profile were recorded and presented graphically for interpretation and discussed. Some of the results revealed that velocity decreases when magnetic parameter and Grashof number increases. The knowledge obtained from this study can be applied in real life situations such as engineering and industries such as polymer processing.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Resource Training and Development and Adoption of Solar Photovoltaics in Climate Smart Agriculture in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya","authors":"David K. Korir, Caren O. Ouma, Timothy C. Okech","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.273","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to examine the influence of Human Resource training and development on the adoption of solar energy technology in Climate Smart Agriculture in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study adopted a positivist philosophy and a descriptive correlational research design targeting the County's 240 executive, policy, legislative, and decision-making level staff as of December 2022. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire that was pilot-tested and refined before final data collection. Data collected was analyzed in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 28. Chi-Square test results confirmed a strong association between HR training and development and solar PV adoption {χ² (2546, N = 152) = 2739.667, p < .05}. Results revealed that HR training and development significantly predicted solar PV adoption, β = 1.739, t (152) = 19.548, p < .05, and stakeholder perceptions significantly moderated the relationship between HR training and development and solar PV adoption in the County. Thus, the study rejected the hypothesis that HR training and development did not significantly influence solar PV adoption. The study recommended that the county leadership allocate more financial resources and solar energy experts for training technicians and artisans.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Development of Human Capital Competencies on Crises Preparedness in Manufacturing Firms within the Kenya Association of Manufacturers","authors":"Paul Wanyagah, Caren O. Ouma, Gabriel Okello","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.276","url":null,"abstract":"To survive and thrive in a dynamic and complex competitive environment riddled with crises, manufacturing firms need to enhance their crises preparedness. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of development of human capital competencies on crises preparedness in manufacturing firms within the Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM). The research adopted the positivism approach as the research philosophy and utilized descriptive correlational research design. The study population consisted of 783 chief executive officers from the KAM where a sample of 292 was drawn using stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire whereas descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to perform data analysis. Descriptive statistics focused on relative frequency distribution, means and standard deviation while inferential statistics included ordinal logistic regression. The study results are presented in form of table and numerical measures with descriptions. The results indicate that development of human capital competencies was a significant predictor of crises preparedness of manufacturing firms (β = 1.025, p < 0.05). The study concludes that development of human capital competencies is vital for the crises preparedness of the manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study recommends to corporate leaders to continually invest in human capital to create a learning organization in harmony with their companies’ purpose, intent, mission and objectives.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135983522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magneto Hydrodynamic Nanofluid Flow over Convectively Heated Plate on Radially Stretching Sheet Embedded on Porous Media","authors":"Kulow Alou Alai, Maurine Maraka Wafula, Lawrence Njau","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.271","url":null,"abstract":"Fluid flow through this media is a key component in a wide range of activities like the generation of fluids from subsurface reservoirs and subterranean water resource restoration. Consequently, the study’s goal is to investigate the motion of Magneto Hydro Dynamics (MHD) nanofluids across a convectively heated plate superimposed on a radially expanding sheet embedded in a porous media. The model is formulated and non dimensionalized using similarity variables. By employing the shooting technique to transform the boundary conditions and, the R-K scheme in MATLAB bvp4c, the system of ODEs is solved. The results obtained are displayed in graphs and others in tables. The results indicate that with increasing porosity, magnetism, and surface rotation, the flow primary velocity decreases while the temperature profile surges. The findings from this study will provide beneficial theoretical insight into what parameters should be varied for maximum profit in several sectors like the power engineering sector, aerodynamic combination, drug recovery systems, and water solar heating systems.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Organizational Culture on the Adoption ofSolar Photovoltaics in Climate-Smart Agriculture in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya","authors":"David K. Korir, Caren O. Ouma","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.274","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to examine organizational culture's influence on the adoption of solar energy technology in climate-smart agriculture in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study adopted a positivist philosophy and a descriptive correlational research design targeting the county's 240 executive, policy, legislative, and decision-making level staff as of December 2022. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire that was pilot-tested and refined before final data collection. Data collected was analyzed in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 28. The results revealed a strong association between the organizational culture dimension and solar PV adoption as indicated by the Chi-Square test, χ² (2456, N = 152) = 2422.525, p < .05, while regression revealed that the organizational culture dimension significantly predicted solar PV adoption, (β = 1.686, t (152) = 17.360, p < .05). Given the results, the study rejected the null hypothesis that the organizational culture dimension of strategic leadership had no significant influence on solar PV adoption in the county, the study concluded that the organizational culture dimension elements were important for improved solar technology adoption. The study further recommended that the county develop an organizational culture that appreciates that climate change is a global phenomenon and ensures staff engagement and alignment with the objectives of solar PV adoption for climate change mitigation.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Positioning and the Performance of E-Businesses in Kenya","authors":"Zulfiqar Wali, C. Muraguri, Paul Wachana","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.270","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to examine the influence of strategic positioning on the performance of e-commerce firms in Kenya. The study was grounded on the competitive advantage theory and was guided by a positivist philosophical perspective. The study was delimited to the use of quantitative research methods. The research sample consisted of 112 e-business enterprises that were registered in Nairobi. The focal point of the analysis was the 336 employees who held management-level positions within these companies. The study employed a structured questionnaire as a means of gathering data from participants. The study employed the census sampling method, encompassing all 112 e-business enterprises registered in Nairobi. The data was subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to generate means and standard deviations, while regression analysis was utilized in the study to test the hypothesis. The results of the study indicate that strategic positioning has a significant influence on the performance of e-businesses in Nairobi, Kenya (β = 0.616, p < 0.05). The study implication is that the strategic positioning constructs of differentiation and pricing are essential to enable e-businesses to attain their performance objectives. Consequently, it is recommended that e-commerce executives implement features on their platforms that facilitate the comparison of product prices by customers. Additionally, it is suggested that e-businesses should offer a variety of products at discounted and premium prices, which come with enhanced features and improved services.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85751011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Structural Social Capital on Competitive Advantage in Life Assurance Companies in Kenya","authors":"Yvonne M. N. Tharao, Joyce Ndegwa, Peter Kiriri","doi":"10.59952/tuj.v5i3.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59952/tuj.v5i3.267","url":null,"abstract":"Competitive advantage has become an important determinant of survival for life assurance companies in the increasingly dynamic and competitive business environment. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of structural social capital on sustained competitive advantage in life assurance companies in Kenya. The study population comprised 3,250 middle-level and top-level management employees in all the 25 life assurance companies in Kenya and primary data was gathered from a sample of 356 using a questionnaire. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics included means and standard deviations while inferential statistics involved the use of a linear regression model. The study results portray that structural social capital had a significant and positive influence on the competitive advantage of life assurance firms in Kenya (β = 0.804, t = 12.634, p < 0.05). The study concludes that having network relations that help in the transfer of knowledge, and social ties between workers in the life assurance companies  helps to leverage communication efficiency. The study also concludes that structural social capital influence competitive advantage through having very strong ties between networks in the life assurance companies, and having a high degree of closeness between employees in the social networks.  The study, based on the findings, recommends to management of life assurance companies to formulate and adopt policies that enable network relations that help in the transfer of knowledge. Besides, management should enable social ties between workers in the companies to leverage communication efficiency among employees.","PeriodicalId":22453,"journal":{"name":"The Dhaka University Journal of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86693112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}