The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"harassment against female, some facts from Egypt","authors":"A. Abdel Fattah, S. Hamed, F. Soliman, N. Ramadan","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2021.48350.1175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2021.48350.1175","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sexual harassment is the most prevalent form of violence against women and the most abrasive. Women are harassed in their jobs, schools, universities, and even at homes. Methodology: A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 900 Egyptian females (between 15 and 60 years old), after giving expressed oral consent, using a prepared questionnaire that included ten questions about knowledge, type, and response to harassment. Participants were divided into two groups: group A of 500 female patients of non-medical background seeking medical advice in Kasr-Alainy hospital and Group B of 400 medical student females. The participants’ epidemiological data were collected including age, marital status, residency, education, and status of work. Results: the study showed that the verbal type of harassment was the commonest (70%), school or street were the most common places of exposure (84%), the perpetrator was not known to the victim (97%). 75.1% of physical violence claims were in the form of simple wounds. Police service against harassment was known only to (62 %), and only (11%) of victims tried to contact police. Conclusion: The safety of women requires a multi-disciplinary preventive strategy, awareness about different types of violence against women is a crucial initial step, improving women’s access to resources, and increasing the role of anti-harassment units in police as well as many universities in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84698108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF APRIMELAST (OTEZLA) ON L-ARGININE INDUCED ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN RATS","authors":"Rabab EL-shafy, Salwa A. Elgendy","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2022.99947.1226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2022.99947.1226","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute pancreatic inflammation is an emergency worldwide. Aprimelast (Otezla) is an orally active drug inhibiting phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) &modulate the inflammatory mediators. NO research was done to detect its role in treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP). Aim: this research was designed to determine the role of Aprimelast on AP produced by L-arginine. Materials & methods: A rat model of AP was developed by two injections of L-arginine 250 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal (IP), separated by a one-hour period. The treatment group received Aprimelast at a single daily oral dosage of 20mg/kg body weight for five consecutive days after IP injections of L-arginine at the same dose as before.AT the last of treating period, blood samples were taken for the assessment of the parameters of oxidative stress glutathione [GSH], malondialdehyde [MDA], then rats were sacrificed. The pancreas of all treated animals was excised, prepared for estimation of tumor necrotic factor (TNFalpha) & interleukin-10 (IL-10) in tissues and histopathological examination. Results: Rats with AP had histological alterations consistent with pancreatic tissue impairment, and elevated blood glucose, serum amylase, and lipase enzyme activities. Additionally, AP rats had increased levels of the pancreatic inflammatory biomarker TNFalpha and decreased levels of the anti-inflammatory biomarker IL-10. Additionally, the oxidative stress biomarker MDA was elevated in AP, whereas the antioxidant GSH level was reduced as contrasted to control group. Co-administration of Aprimelast led to substantial improvements in both pre-existing parameters and histology. Conclusion: These results suggested that Aprimelast may have beneficial therapeutic effect on Larginine induced AP in adult albino rats owing to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73489237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF ACID-BASE AND ELECTROLYTES AS PREDICTORS OF OUTCOME IN CRITICALLY ILL POISONED CASES IN MENOUFIA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL","authors":"Reham El-Farouny, Ghada Shebl","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2021.53866.1181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2021.53866.1181","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Acid-base and electrolytes disturbance is an important cause of deaths in intensive care unit patients, so it is necessary to have a broader analysis of their effects in the prediction of the outcome among critically ill poisoned patients. AIM: To evaluate the role of acid-base and electrolytes as predictors of the outcome in critically ill poisoned cases. METHODS: This was a prospective study conducted on 181 cases of critically poisoned patients admitted to ICU in Menoufia Poison Control Center (MPCC) from the beginning of January 2020 till the end of June 2020. A clinical toxicological sheet was fulfilled for every case including patient's sociodemographic data, clinical data of patient's assessment, poison severity scoring (PSS), investigations done for the cases as biochemical laboratory investigations; including arterial blood gases, serum electrolytes, renal and liver functions, and specific toxicological screening tests for detection of poisons. Cases were divided according to their outcome into survivors and non-survivors. All data were collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: 181 cases of critically ill poisoned patients were included in the study. Males represented (51.4%), while females were (48.6%). Cases from rural areas outnumbered those from urban, ingestion was the commonest mode of poisoning (97.2%). Pesticides constituted the highest percent among cases, where aluminum phosphide was the most prevalent agent of poisoning. According to PSS (53%) of cases were moderate versus 45.3% were severe. Survivors were (57.5%), while non-survivors were (42.5%). Significantly lower PH, Hco3, PaO2, oxygen saturation, serum potassium levels, and much lower values of BD (more minus results) in the non-survivors, while serum creatinine was significantly higher in the non-survivors. From the ROC curves, patients were considered of a bad prognosis when Ph ≤ 7.24, Hco3 ≤14.55, BD ≤ -5.6, Pao2 ≤ 31.6, and K ≤3.62 (p-value <0.001). CONCLUSION: It is a cornerstone to assess the acid-base and electrolytes disturbances, especially base deficit and Hco3 level for helpful prediction of the outcome, and categorization of the cases who need ICU admission from the start even if they are asymptomatic.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86229731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USE OF HAND AND ITS CORRESPONDING PRINT DIMENSIONS IN STATURE ESTIMATION.","authors":"S. Ali, R. Hashish, Rehab I Abdel-Karim, Said K. M. Dessouki, Safaa Eldabe","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2022.124853.1251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2022.124853.1251","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Personal identification is one of the most important challenges that may face forensic scientists, especially in cases of incomplete, mutilated or even fragmented remains. Stature is one of the primary identification parameters. Previous studies were performed to estimate stature from hand and its corresponding print dimensions using different regression models. These studies highlight the importance of the presence of population-specific standards. The current study aims to develop predictive regression equations that could be used for stature estimation using anthropometric hands and their corresponding print dimensions. One hundred and fifty adult participants were enrolled in the study (75 male & 75 female). Statures were measured, and seven dimensions of each hand and its corresponding print were also measured for each participant . Results: All measurements of the male group were significantly higher. Bilateral significant differences were found in some hands and their corresponding print dimensions in both sexes. According to Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient, all measurements were significantly correlated to stature; \"right-hand length\" showed the strongest correlation with stature in both sexes, while \"right handprint length\" in females and \"left handprint length\" in males showed the strongest correlation with stature. Simple linear regression analysis showed that both hand and handprint lengths in both sides for both sexes had the lowest standard error of estimate, ensuring their lowest prediction error in stature estimation. Conclusion: hand and its corresponding print dimensions can be used in adult stature estimation. Further studies of people of other geographical regions in Egypt are recommended to get a biological-specific Egyptian standard.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75318352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual and mixture effect of Deltamethrin and Dimethoate on liver : A biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and genotoxic study","authors":"/Eman Alaa El-Din, Aisha Abdallah Abouhashem, Dalia Abdallah El-Shafei, Nehal S Abouhashem, H. Mostafa","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2021.48422.1176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2021.48422.1176","url":null,"abstract":"Many pesticides are used together or in a method, eventually resulting in multiple exposures. These mixtures can lead to unpredicted adverse health consequences in the exposed population. Numerous studies on individual risk assessments are available, but combined usage's toxicity is still to estimate. So, the current study investigated hepatotoxicity induced by exposure to deltamethrin (DLT) and dimethoate (DM) and their mixture in adult male albino rats. Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were randomized into five equal groups (n=8); Group I: control, Group II: the vehicle group received 1ml corn oil. Group III: received DLT (5 mg/kg b.w.), Group IV: received DM (20 mg/kg b.w.), Group V: received DLT (5 mg/kg b.w) and DM (20 mg/kg b.w). Treatments were orally gavaged once-daily dose for twelve weeks. Results: Separate DLT and DM exposure significantly induced an increase in serum liver enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline transferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, and liver malondialdehyde levels accompanied by a decrease in serum total protein, plasma cholinesterase enzyme, liver superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels. These biochemical alterations were supported by the lesions observed in histological sections, decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 and DNA damage and genotoxicity detected by the comet assay. Conclusion: Co-administration of DLT and DM aggravated hepatic dysfunction, exhausting the endogenous antioxidant status and down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2. Thus, these mixtures can increase the harmful effects of each compound on the liver.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78947337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF EXTERNAL INJURIES AS INDICATORS OF INTERNAL INJURIES IN VICTIMS OF BLUNT TRAUMA","authors":"A. Hafez, Amira A. Wahdan","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2021.91366.1214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2021.91366.1214","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blunt trauma presents a challenge when external injuries are used to determine or predict the type and severity of internal injuries. Objective: to assess the relationship between internal injuries and external injuries in blunt trauma adult victims. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted on adult victims of blunt trauma admitted to the Emergency hospital, Tanta University Hospitals from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. Collected variables included sociodemographic data, circumstances of trauma, and sustained injuries. The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) was calculated for external and internal injuries. Results: The study included 311 victims of blunt trauma. A significant association between external and internal injuries was detected in all body regions (p<0.05), but the positive predictive value (PPV) of external injury was low (below 60%) except for the neck and extremities (75% and 62.4%, respectively). The negative predictive value was ≥90% for all body regions except the head (80.6%). The correlations between AIS of external and internal injuries were positive, moderate, and significant in the neck (rs=0.668, p<0.001), extremities (rs=0.535, p<0.001), and head (rs=0.334, p<0.001), but weak in the chest (rs=0.147, p=0.009) and abdomen (rs=0.123, p=0.030). Conclusion: external injuries are considered as poor indicators of the presence of internal injuries in most body regions. Physicians should not be tempted to rule in or out the presence of internal injury based on external examination. Forensic experts should determine the extent of internal injuries based either on complete autopsy or implement the techniques of the virtual autopsy to avoid misdiagnosing significant internal injuries.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84621325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of fingerprints pattern and density in relation to blood groups and subgroups","authors":"Fatma Nada Khalifa, Mervat Abdelnaby, Mona Ebraheim Elyamany, Riham F Hussein","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2021.87312.1210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2021.87312.1210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76951021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How prevalent is the defensive medicine practice among the Egyptian","authors":"Heba Abdo, H. Aboubakr, H. Basyoni","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2021.74212.1194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2021.74212.1194","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recently, there has been a remarkable increase in manhandling to physicians and vandalism in hospitals by patients and their relatives; moreover. There is a continuous increase in medical malpractice allegations. This high sense of insecurity among physicians caused them to practice defensive medicine, which could be positive or negative. Defensive medicine practicing has harmful effects on both the patients and the resources. Aim: This work was done to assess the prevalence of defensive medicine practicing among Kasr Alainy hospital residents. Methods: A questionnaire that includes ten \"yes or no\" questions was circulated manually among the residents, where the number of “yes” answers in the questionnaire is considered directly proportional to the sense of insecurity among the responders and more than 4 'yes' answers were considered sense of insecurity. Results: 88.9% of responders had more than four yes answers in the questionnaire, and the median number of yes answers was 7. There was a significant difference regarding the specialty where surgical specialties had a higher score than non-surgical specialties. Conclusion: Behaviors indicating defensive medicine practice and sense of insecurity showed high prevalence among the studied sample of Egyptian residents.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86006843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE CAREGIVERS’ VIOLENT BEHAVIORS TOWARD THEIR CHILDREN","authors":"A. Sharif","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2020.39684.1164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2020.39684.1164","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The surge of domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic is reported as a global phenomenon. Until the present time, no published literature described the situation in the middle east. Aims: The current study aims to examine how the frequency of verbal maltreatment and physical maltreatment may have changed from during the lockdown to postlockdown in a sample of Egyptians living in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: The present study was carried out on 511 Egyptian families residing in Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted over 2 phases with more than one month in between the 2 phases. The first phase during the period 10 April9 May, while the second phase was carried out during the period 21 June – 20 July when the respondents were requested for a second followup survey. The selection of those dates was based on the lockdown status in Saudi Arabia. During the first phase, the lockdown was almost complete or for more than 16 hours in the day. During the second phase, the lockdown was resolved entirely. Results: The current study revealed that the verbal and physical maltreatment forms were significantly more frequent during the lockdown periods (p<0.001). The child and the parents' age showed a significant negative correlation with the total physical maltreatment score (r=-0.008, -0.035), respectively. On the other hand, verbal maltreatment was correlated with older children (r= 0.085) and older parents (r=0.117). Conclusion: To conclude, verbal and physical maltreatment are aggravated by the lockdown and quarantine measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The forms of verbal and physical maltreatment didn't differ from those previously reported in the literature. The younger boys of younger parents are more vulnerable to physical maltreatment. It is recommended to pay more attention to preventing child maltreatment, protecting the maltreated child by establishing supporting centers to track and follow such cases.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81221335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluations of toxic heavy metals lead and mercury in regular hemodialysis smoker and nonsmoker patients by comparison with other normal population in Egyptian population","authors":"E. Shalaby, Hisham Abdelmawgoud","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2020.26538.1137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2020.26538.1137","url":null,"abstract":"Around the population, worldwide, 10% are affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD); hemodialysis is the common choice of renal replacement therapy. Cigarette smokers have a high Lead level than the non-smoker population, as Tobacco leaf grew on polluted soil, and it is proven that Mercury poisoning depends on the dose and duration of exposure. The study aimed to determine two crucial toxic heavy metals elements Lead and Mercury concentrations in pre hemodialysis. Methodology: blood samples were collected from CKD patients on maintenance hemodialysis for more than six months divided into non-smoker and smoker to be compared with samples from a control group non-CKD, non-smoker persons. Our study was conducted in September 2019 in Al Mokattam insurance hospital – Cairo and involved 60 persons of both sexes. They were divided into three groups: CKD stage 5 patients on hemodialysis 40 patients and sub-divided into two groups; (smoker) 20 patients and (nonsmoker) 20 patients and the history of eating fish and seafood was taken. The third group was a control group, including 20 healthy non-smoker participants. Lead and Mercury were analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer in Al Borg central Laboratory. The complete blood count (CBC), kidney function tests, and Iron parameters were also detected. Results: prolonged duration on hemodialysis did not raise Lead or Mercury level in the blood, while smoking raises the Lead level in the blood, and eating fish and seafood more than once per week increased Mercury level in the blood. There was a relation between raised Lead level and anemia in hemodialysis patients. Conclusion: Lead and Mercury measurement is essential in hemodialysis patients with possible symptoms of heavy metal toxicity. Lead level monitoring is recommended in resistant anemia in hemodialysis patients.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77237655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}