Israa University Journal for Applied Science最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Seawater Desalination for Domestic Purposes on The Reuse of Treated Effluents in Gaza Strip","authors":"Ahmed Al Manama, H. Al-Najar","doi":"10.52865/otst4140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52865/otst4140","url":null,"abstract":"Gaza Strip suffers from a water crisis due to the scarcity of water resources and the substantial increase of the population. For a long time, the supply of freshwater to the population in Gaza depends overwhelmingly on the groundwater, causing the intrusion of seawater that leading to increasing the salinity of the groundwater. Therefore, seawater desalination was proposed to produce safe water for domestic use. Subsequently, the characteristics of the produced wastewater will be affected. This research aims to study the effect of seawater desalination on the reuse of treated effluent to achieve self-sufficiency in horticulture crops. Modeling of long-term metrological data using the FAO- CROPWAT model was used to estimate irrigation water requirements. Also, the software LINDO application was used for the spatial planning of the crops on the available areas. The study showed potential improvements in the treated wastewater in the light of seawater desalination. The proposed cultivated areas to be irrigated with treated wastewater will be 76.5, 87.8 and 100.8 thousand dunum for the years 2025, 2030 & 2035, respectively. Moreover, the treated effluents will be used by 96, 78 and 73% for irrigation for the years 2025, 2030 & 2035, respectively and the rest will be recharged to the groundwater.","PeriodicalId":223912,"journal":{"name":"Israa University Journal for Applied Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127490135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Maternal Near Miss in Gaza Strip: A Case-Control Study","authors":"Yasmin Abushnena, Ali Albelbeisi, Yousef Fahajan","doi":"10.52865/jtdx7122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52865/jtdx7122","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maternal near miss refers to pregnant women with severe life-threatening conditions who nearly die but, with good luck or good care, survive. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for maternal near-miss in Gaza Strip. Methods: A case-control study was used and 486 women who gave birth in 2020 were involved. The case group consisted of 243 identified near-miss cases, and the control group consisted of 243 women who had normal pregnancies and deliveries. The Maternal Near Miss Identification Checklist of the WHO Technical Working Group (2007) was used to collect data. Results: The total number of deliveries was 34,974, and the number of identified near-miss cases was 243, with a rate of 6.9/1000 delivery. The results showed that 70.8% of cases had severe hemorrhage, and 16% had hypertensive disorders at admission. Significant (p ˂0.05) risk factors associated with near miss included preterm labor ≤ 36 weeks [OR 25.081, 95% CI (7.736 – 81.315)], previous obstetric problems [OR 5.144, 95% CI (2.090 – 12.663)], previous cesarean section [OR 3.661, 95% CI (1.726 – 7.610)], history of abortion [OR 3.348, 95% CI (1.697 – 6.606)], previous medical problems [OR 2.317, 95% CI (1.490 – 3.603)], and prim parity [OR 1.770, 95% CI (1.071 – 2.923),]. Conclusion: The study concluded that more efforts are needed to improve maternal health services in Gaza and emphasized the imperative need to train obstetricians and midwives on emergency obstetric management.","PeriodicalId":223912,"journal":{"name":"Israa University Journal for Applied Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128704970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Selected Plants Based Growth on Landfill Leachate Treatment Using Wetland Application","authors":"Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo, I. Arliyani","doi":"10.52865/uwfn3858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52865/uwfn3858","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This research was conducted to process untreated leachate using plants in artificial wetlands. The aim was to obtain plant selection criteria based on the relative growth rate (RGR) and removal efficiency (Re) of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Methods: The methodology used leachate containing about 1,000 mg/L and 5,000 mg/L BOD and COD, respectively. Three plants, Typha angustifolia, Cyperus papyrus, and Canna indica, were tested. The research stages included a range finding test for 14 days and definitive leachate experiments for the three plants for 36 days. Results: The results revealed that three types of plants could process leachate without treatment for 36 days after acclimatization (DAA). The determining period was 0-12 DAA with a decrease in BOD and COD concentrations in the range of 40-60% and an increase in the ratio of BOD/COD, which expresses increased leachate biodegradability. The following 24 days showed a decrease in the BOD/COD ratio and a constant decrease in the concentration of both parameters as an indicator of the stability of leachate quality. This pattern was followed by plant growth performance and showed the order of priority for C. papyrus, C. indica, and T. angustifolia. Conclusions: There was an adequate leachate detention time when BOD and COD decreased to a maximum. The response time of plants in reducing the concentration of substances was a new approach to plant selection.","PeriodicalId":223912,"journal":{"name":"Israa University Journal for Applied Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134277953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm and Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"A. Elmanama, Renad I. Abu-Dan, S. Al-Sheboul","doi":"10.52865/zmqq2426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52865/zmqq2426","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and environmental ability of P. aeruginosa isolates to make biofilms and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods: Environmental swabs (144), air (28) and water samples (12) were collected from various wards of Gaza strip hospitals. Additionally, 158 clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were obtained from the microbiology laboratories of the same hospitals between July 21, 2019 and January 21, 2020. Samples were cultured and bacterial identification was performed using standard microbiological procedures. PCR was used to confirm the identity of P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa isolates were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns by the agar disk diffusion method. Both qualitative and quantitative methods assessed the biofilm formation by crystal violet and safranin stains. Results: Among the P. aeruginosa isolates (N=150), 90.0% were resistant for ceftazidime, (36.7%) aztreonam, (29.3%) gentamicin, (27.3%) levofloxacin, (22.0%) meropenem, (14.0%) piperacillin, (10.0%) amikacin and (9.3%) imipenem. The results for biofilm formation by tube method showed that 78.0% and 71.3% of the isolates were biofilm producer by crystal violet and safranin methods, respectively. Microtiter plate method demonstrated that 94.0% and 96.0% were biofilm producers by crystal violet and safranin, respectively. In addition, there was a statistical significance between the meropenem resistance and biofilm-forming ability of the isolates. Conclusions: High resistance rates were detected among P. aeruginosa isolates. The lowest rate of resistance was to imipenem and amikacin. As for the biofilm assessment, the tissue culture plate method showed higher detection rates than the tube method.","PeriodicalId":223912,"journal":{"name":"Israa University Journal for Applied Science","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132848344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Palestinian Mothers Attending the Governmental Primary Health Care Centers Regarding Preconception Care Services","authors":"Areefa Al-Kasseh, Sabreen Jarad, Yasmin Abu Shnaina, Ali Albelbeisi","doi":"10.52865/rekk2942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52865/rekk2942","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preconception care considers the backbone for safe pregnancy and childbirth outcomes. Therefore, early preconception care provided by healthcare professionals before pregnancy is crucial in reducing childbirth morbidity and mortality rates. This study aims to assess mothers' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) about preconception care at governmental primary health care clinics in the Gaza Strip. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in seven primary health care centers and data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire (including 3-point Likert Scale). A convenience sample of 372 mothers aged from 16 to 49 years, and who visit governmental clinics as a routine followup were selected. Results: the overall level of practices regarding preconception care was (75%) was reported about the importance of eating a wellshowed a high attitude level in terms of the importance of Conclusion: In Gaza Strip, mothers have fair knowledge and attitude levels but low level of practice regarding preconception care which shows that there is an opportunity in existing circumstances for the implementation of interventions targeting predictors for increased knowledge and uptake of preconception care.","PeriodicalId":223912,"journal":{"name":"Israa University Journal for Applied Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128763970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccines and Epidemic Trends of COVID- 19 in Palestine Running title: COVID- 19 trends in Palestine","authors":"Samira Abo Al-Sheikh, ALthaer Alsousi","doi":"10.52865/kyqn9708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52865/kyqn9708","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is rapidly spreading globally due to high transmissibility and pathogenicity. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the growth rate and CFR of COVID-19 in Palestine, as well as to compare them in the pre and post-vaccination periods. Methods: A retrospective analytical design was used. The data of daily confirmed cases and daily deaths were taken from the Worldometer statistics, WHO websites, and MOH report for the two politically split regions of Palestine, the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank. The data was gathered to include one hundred days before initiating vaccination against the disease, beginning on December 7, 2020, and ending on June 25, 2021. The growth rate and case fatality rate were calculated using related formulas and the Microsoft Excel program was used to analyze the data. Results: During the study period, there were 217386 cases of COVID-19 and 2772 deaths in Gaza and the west bank. The high growth rate was found in two months December 2020 (38.3%), and March 2021 (30.8%), and was declined in May and June 2021. The case fatality rate, on the other hand, fluctuated throughout the research period. During the study period, the number of patients with COVID-19 and the number of deaths from this disease is decreasing in Palestine. Conclusion: The intervention measures in Palestine seem to be effective in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic and reducing the reproduction rate in the study period. Continuous preventive measures and vaccination for the population are recommended.","PeriodicalId":223912,"journal":{"name":"Israa University Journal for Applied Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124918817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a simplified method for estimating spatial patterns of residential water use based on thermal remote sensing, Khan-Younis Governorate, Gaza Strip","authors":"Wiesam Essa, O. Batelaan","doi":"10.52865/omtu9489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52865/omtu9489","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Water consumption (WC) data is critical for managing water crises in water-scarce countries, especially in those countries that are lagging behind technical advancement for collecting accurate WC data at the household level. There is a lack of methods for estimating WC. Method: Here, we introduce a simplified method for estimating WC data based on regression analysis of satellite Land Surface Temperature (LST) data for the Khan-Younis Governorate, Gaza Strip, for the year 2017. We demonstrate the potential for using WC-LST models with and without low-resolution population data to estimate residential WC for two spatial resolutions: Landsat TIR moderate resolution (100 m), and MODIS TIR low resolution (1000 m). Residential WC data is measured based on readings from water meters of 28,000 individual houses. Results: The method performs better without the low-spatial resolution population data. The use of similar spatial resolution data or higher to Landsat 8 TIR (100 m) is a prerequisite for robust WC estimation. Although the method can easily be modified and applied in areas where no estimated water consumption data is available, using the regression equation might result in a poor result due to the use of different water supply sources as demonstrated for the periphery of Khan Younis city.","PeriodicalId":223912,"journal":{"name":"Israa University Journal for Applied Science","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116771137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Double Burden of Malnutrition and Associated Factors of Weight Gain among Schoolchildren in Taza, Eastern Morocco","authors":"Said Bouchefra, Abdelhakim Ech-chaouy, Mehdi Rahmaoui, Fatine EL ARABI, Laila El Ammari, Abdelhakim Yahyane, A. Bour","doi":"10.52865/xonf5359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52865/xonf5359","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity and overweight are characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat present in the body. Worldwide more than 340 million children between the ages of five and nineteen were overweight or obese in 2016. Very few studies have focused on the prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition, namely obesity, and underweight, in the Moroccan context. Methods: The research was a cross-sectional study based on a selfadministered questionnaire which distributed to 462 adolescents in the presence of a dietician who was also responsible for anthropometric measurements and clinical examination. Results: The prevalence of underweight was 11.4%, overweight was estimated at 7.3%, and obesity at 1.7%. The Odds ratio analysis revealed that the number of people sharing the same household has a strong influence on weight gain, as adolescents who share their home with only 2 people are 61 times more likely to gain weight than adolescents who live with 3 or more people in the same household (OR 61.11 CI 18.96;196.97). Type of residence was also found to be a risk factor for weight gain; adolescents living in urban areas were 6 times more likely to gain weight than those living in rural areas (OR= 6.11 CI: 1.39; 26.82). Adolescents who do not consume fast food are less likely to gain weight (Odds Ration less than 1 (OR=0.014 CI: 0.003;0.063). Regular strenuous physical activity was also a protective factor against weight gain (OR=0.278 CI: 0.080;0.969). Conclusion: The double burden of malnutrition characterized by the coexistence of obesity and underweight is a reality in Taza. It is therefore urgent to take community action, such as promoting healthy food choices by taxing unhealthy foods, implementing obligatory standards for meals in canteens and school catering, increasing daily physical activity in schools, as well as fighting against obesogenic environments. Early intervention is necessary because moderate overweight in childhood is associated with a significant increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later adulthood.","PeriodicalId":223912,"journal":{"name":"Israa University Journal for Applied Science","volume":"904 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123263509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Performance of Random Forest and Multiple Linear Regression for Higher Observed PM10 Concentrations","authors":"Nurhafizah Ahmad, A. Z. Ul-Saufie, W. N. Shaziayani, Aida Wati Zainan Abidin, Nur Elis Sharmila Zulazm, S. Harb","doi":"10.52865/whpm9019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52865/whpm9019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Air pollution is notable for its direct impact on human health. Hence, the ability to accurately predict air pollution concentrations is vital to raising public awareness of this issue and for better understanding of air quality management. Aim: Therefore, the aim of this research is to predict PM10 concentrations in Malaysia, specifically on Langkawi Island using random forest and multiple linear regression. Method: The predictive analytics were based on air pollution hourly data from 2003 until 2017. The eight parameters chosen in this study were PM10, NO2, O3, CO, SO2, Relative Humidity (RH), Temperature (T), and Wind Speed (WS). The findings revealed that PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 hourly trends at Langkawi Island were below the recommended Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines (MAAQG) standard. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) were used for modelling and compared based on their prediction accuracy. Result: The values of RMSE, NAE, IA, PA and R2 for MLR were 8.0698, 0.1368, 0.8584, 0.7737 and 0.5984 respectively while the values of RMSE, NAE, IA, PA and R2 for RF were 6.674038, 0.107664, 0.911974, 0.852570 and 0.726681 correspondingly. From the results, the RF method was chosen as a better model than MLR since both; the error measures and the accuracy measures results are close to 1. Nevertheless, the PM10 models (RF and MLR) are unable to take into account the higher observed concentrations.","PeriodicalId":223912,"journal":{"name":"Israa University Journal for Applied Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128733745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Study on Indoor Bioaerosol - Prospective Improvements to Architectural Criteria in Building Design","authors":"H. Samudro, G. Samudro, Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo","doi":"10.52865/lsby9811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52865/lsby9811","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Indoor bioaerosol is one of the factors of sick building syndrome that needs to be controlled for the health of building occupants. Control of bioaerosols is a daily obligation for occupants, but can be alleviated through a building design approach, so that the potential negative effects of bioaerosols are minimized. This study aims to fill the criteria for controlling bioaerosols at the building design stage, in addition to the operational use of the building. Methods: This literature study on indoor bioaerosols uses the Mendeley Reference Manager platform with the search phrase indoor bioaerosols. The selection of literature based on open access journals, in English, excluded the indoor production process. Results: In the perspective of the building infrastructure design, the ventilation system is an opening facility between indoor and outdoor, as a mechanism for air flow and quality balance between the two spaces. The implementation can be in the form of fixed openings in walls, openings that can be opened and closed manually or mechanically, including windows and doors. Effective reduction of bioaerosol concentration needs to sit up the type of ventilation that is adapted to the function of indoor use and occupancy load. The ventilation method is supported by a chemical method, which is appropriate for control in food service rooms and sanitation services. Conclusion: The bioaerosol control strategy can start from the design of the building by the designer and continue to the implementation and maintenance of the building by the occupants.","PeriodicalId":223912,"journal":{"name":"Israa University Journal for Applied Science","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114484229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}