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An Anticonvulsant Diterpene Lactone Isolated From the Leaves of Leonotis leonorus (L) R. BR 从Leonotis leonorus (L) R. BR中分离的抗惊厥二萜内酯
The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-24 DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I3.9727
T. Muhizi, I. Green, G. Amabeoku, E. Bienvenu
{"title":"An Anticonvulsant Diterpene Lactone Isolated From the Leaves of Leonotis leonorus (L) R. BR","authors":"T. Muhizi, I. Green, G. Amabeoku, E. Bienvenu","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I3.9727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I3.9727","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical, physical and pharmacological methods were used to isolate, identify and evaluate an anticonvulsant diterpene lactone obtained from the leaves of Leonotis leonorus. Tonic seizures were chemically induced in mice using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) at a dose of 95 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Extracts of the plant material obtained with hexane and methanol, and fractions obtained from the methanol extract were tested for anticonvulsant activities. The crude methanol extract at a dose of 100-400 mg/kg ip significantly delayed the onset of tonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole with 100 mg/kg ip of the extract protecting 50 % of the mice against seizures. Additionally, compound II (unknown) from the methanol extract at 200 mg/kg ip and 400 mg/kg ip protected 75 % and 87.5 % of mice respectively against the seizures while 100-400 mg/kg ip of 20-Acetoxy-9α,13α-epoxylabda-14-en-6β(19)-lactone (compound I) significantly delayed the onset of pentratetrazole-induced seizures and protected 50 % of the mice against seizures at 400 mg/kg. The active diterpene lactone was characterised using spectroscopic methods.. Keywords : Anticonvulsant activity, isolation, diterpene lactone, Leonotis leonorus , mice The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 8 (3) 2005: pp 54-61","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"54-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78126706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Records of Some Socio-Economic and Health Challenges Elicited by ‘Ozu' Consumption in Ika Land, Nigeria 尼日利亚伊卡兰“小津”消费引发的一些社会经济和健康挑战记录
The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-24 DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V9I1.9738
I. Onyesom, A. Naiho, I. Aninye
{"title":"Records of Some Socio-Economic and Health Challenges Elicited by ‘Ozu' Consumption in Ika Land, Nigeria","authors":"I. Onyesom, A. Naiho, I. Aninye","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V9I1.9738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V9I1.9738","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract. Keywords : ‘Ozu', Ika, Intoxication, Palm juice The East and Central Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 8 (3) 2007: pp.","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"26-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83491423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesis of Steroidal Indoxyl, and Derivatives from 3-ketosteroid 甾体吲哚酮及其衍生物的合成
The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-24 DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I3.9725
F. Kamau
{"title":"Synthesis of Steroidal Indoxyl, and Derivatives from 3-ketosteroid","authors":"F. Kamau","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I3.9725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I3.9725","url":null,"abstract":"5&alpha-Androstan-17&beta-ol-3-one condenses with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde in alkaline conditions to give the steroidal indoxyl 17&beta-hydroxy-1-(3′-oxoindan-2′-yliden)-3-nor-1,2-secoandrostan-3-oic acid (I) which on refluxing with acetic anhydride affords the lactam 17&beta-acetoxy-3′-aza-4a-homoandrost-1-eno-(3,2-a)-indan-3′,4-dione (II). Reduction of I with sodium borohydride gives the indole 17&beta-hydroxy-1-(indol-2′-yl)-3-nor-1, 2-secoandrostan-3-oic acid (III). The results of this synthesis suggest that 3-ketosteroids saturated in ring A react in a similar manner to 17-ketosteroids, with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde.\u0000\u0000 Keywords : Synthesis, Steroidal Indoxyl, derivatives. The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 8 (3) 2005: pp. 43-44","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72708840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pilot Study of the Role of Pharmacists in the Use of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Products in Harare and Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe 关于药剂师在津巴布韦哈拉雷和奇通维扎使用兽药产品中的作用的试点研究
The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-24 DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I3.9726
S. Matema, P. Gavaza, C. Maponga
{"title":"Pilot Study of the Role of Pharmacists in the Use of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Products in Harare and Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe","authors":"S. Matema, P. Gavaza, C. Maponga","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I3.9726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I3.9726","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to investigate the role played by pharmacists in the use of veterinary pharmaceutical products in Harare and Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. A sample of 32 retail pharmacists participated in the study. Twenty-four pharmacists (75 %) stocked and handled a mean of 2.8 Veterinary Pharmaceutical Products per month and 83 % of them rated their knowledge of use of veterinary pharmaceutical products as being poor or little. 66 % of pharmacists did not feel competent handling veterinary pharmaceutical products. Sixty two percent of pharmacists had prepared veterinary pharmaceutical products before and 38 % had never done this. Pharmacists' competence in handling veterinary pharmaceutical products was associated with stocking veterinary pharmaceutical products (p Keywords : Pharmacy, veterinary pharmacy, veterinary pharmacy practice, Zimbabwe The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 8 (3) 2005: pp 50-53","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"50-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79415980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Liquid chromatographic analysis of phenobarbitone, ethosuximide, phenytoin and carbamazepine on a polystyrene-divinyl benzene column 苯巴比妥、乙砜胺、苯妥英和卡马西平在聚苯二乙烯柱上的液相色谱分析
The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-24 DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V9I1.9732
B. Amugune, G. Thoithi, I. Kibwage
{"title":"Liquid chromatographic analysis of phenobarbitone, ethosuximide, phenytoin and carbamazepine on a polystyrene-divinyl benzene column","authors":"B. Amugune, G. Thoithi, I. Kibwage","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V9I1.9732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V9I1.9732","url":null,"abstract":"A liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous assay of four anticonvulsant drugs, phenobarbitone, ethosuximide, phenytoin and carbamazepine on a polystyrene-divinyl benzene column is described. The method was developed by the systematic study of different types of co-polymer materials, type and concentration of organic modifiers, buffer pH and concentration and column temperature. A PLRP-S 100 A 8 µm column maintained at 60 oC and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-tert-butanol-phosphate buffer (pH 7.6, 0.2 M)-water (25:5:10:60, v/v) were used. The flow rate was 1 ml/min with ultraviolet detection at 220 nm. The method has been validated and used for the analysis of raw materials, finished products and dissolution studies of the drugs. Keywords : Liquid chromatography, co-polymer column, phenobarbitone, ethosuximide, phenytoin, carbamazepine. The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 8 (3) 2005: pp 19-25","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"83 5 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89304562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In vitro Activity of Ethanol, Cold Water and Hot Water Extracts of the Bark of Canthium mannii (Rubiaceae) Stem on Ancylostoma caninum Eggs 甘露树皮(茜草科)茎乙醇、冷水和热水提取物对犬钩虫卵的体外活性
The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pub Date : 2007-10-24 DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V9I1.9731
J. Wabo Poné, C. B. Bilong Bilong, M. Mpoame, C. Fusi Ngwa, G C Coles
{"title":"In vitro Activity of Ethanol, Cold Water and Hot Water Extracts of the Bark of Canthium mannii (Rubiaceae) Stem on Ancylostoma caninum Eggs","authors":"J. Wabo Poné, C. B. Bilong Bilong, M. Mpoame, C. Fusi Ngwa, G C Coles","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V9I1.9731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V9I1.9731","url":null,"abstract":"An in vitro evaluation was performed to determine the efficacy of ethanol, cold water and hot water extracts of the stem bark of Canthium mannii (Rubiaceae) on un-embryonated and embryonated eggs of Ancylostoma caninum obtained from the faeces of naturally infected local dogs. The extracts were diluted in distilled water to obtain five concentrations namely 125, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 µg/ml. Mebendazole, similarly diluted, distilled water and 0.02 % ethanol were used in the bioassay as the standard reference drug, placebo and ethanol control respectively. One milliliter portions of the extracts and controls at the different concentrations were added to 1 ml solutions containing 30 to 40 of the parasite eggs distributed in different Petri dishes followed by incubation at 24 °C for 48 h in the case of un-embryonated eggs and 6 h for the embryonated eggs, after which first stage larvae and eggs were counted. The 1000 µg/ml ethanol extract produced a 90 % reduction in the number of eggs that hatched after treatment for 48 h. This effect was similar to that produced by mebendazole. The cold water and hot water extracts showed lower eclodibility inhibition ( Keywords : Canthium mannii, anthelmintic action, Ancylostoma caninum , Cameroon. The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 8 (3) 2005: pp 14-18","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"74 3 1","pages":"14-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73187145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Cytotoxic activity of some Tanzanian medicinal plants. 坦桑尼亚一些药用植物的细胞毒活性。
The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I2.9723
D. Runyoro, A. Kamuhabwa, O. Ngassapa, P. Witte
{"title":"Cytotoxic activity of some Tanzanian medicinal plants.","authors":"D. Runyoro, A. Kamuhabwa, O. Ngassapa, P. Witte","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I2.9723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I2.9723","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty-three aqueous methanolic extracts obtained from thirty plant species, belonging to seventeen families were screened for cytotoxic activity against HeLa (Human cervical carcinoma) cells. The ability of the extracts (10 g/ml and 1 g/ml) to inhibit proliferation of HeLa cells was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye reduction assay. Extracts from roots of Agathisanthemum bojeri, Synaptolepis kirkii and Zanha africana and the leaf extract of Physalis peruviana at a concentration of 10 µg/ml inhibited cell proliferation by 58.3 %, 68.1 %, 75.7 % and 91.8 %, respectively. The remaining 29 extracts exhibited no pronounced cytotoxic activity at the tested concentrations. It is worth investigating the four extracts, which showed pronounced cytotoxic activity so as to isolate and identify the compounds responsible for cytotoxic activity. Keywords : cytotoxic plants, Tanzanian medicinal plants, Agathisanthemum bojeri, Synaptolepis kirkii, Zanha africana, Physalis peruviana The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 8(2) 2005: 35-39","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73797251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Quality control of herbal medicines 草药的质量控制
The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I2.9721
I. Kibwage, J. Mwangi, G. Thoithi
{"title":"Quality control of herbal medicines","authors":"I. Kibwage, J. Mwangi, G. Thoithi","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I2.9721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I2.9721","url":null,"abstract":"The use of traditional and herbal medicines is gaining recognition globally. To safeguard the patient, there are legitimate demands that all medicines be safe, efficacious and of good quality. The required parameters for their quality evaluation include assessment for inorganic matter (dust), absence of adulteration, microbial load, identification and profile of contents and where possible quantitation of the active compound or marker compounds. Also of importance are heavy metals, pesticides and product stability. The mixture of portions of herbs in traditional medicines complicates the quality control tests of these preparations. The content profile becomes difficult to replicate from batch to batch, while quantification of the active compound(s) in such multi-component products would require prior processing to isolate and identify the chemical compounds. Keywords : herbal medicines quality control The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 8(2) 2005: 27-30","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"27-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79117761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Traditional herbal medicine in national healthcare in Kenya 肯尼亚国家医疗保健中的传统草药
The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I2.9720
J. Mwangi, N. Mungai, G. Thoithi, I. Kibwage
{"title":"Traditional herbal medicine in national healthcare in Kenya","authors":"J. Mwangi, N. Mungai, G. Thoithi, I. Kibwage","doi":"10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I2.9720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ECAJPS.V8I2.9720","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal medicine is becoming increasingly popular all over the world. There are studies suggesting that herbal therapies can be effective in treating certain conditions. This has been confirmed by the classic randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind well-designed clinical trials. With reliable information on herbal medicine, it is easier to integrate these therapies with the mainstream medicine. It is unlikely that patients will completely abandon use of era I medical interventions but rather in a more pragmatic manner will choose to integrate other interventions as a part of their overall armamentarium of medical interventions. Can herbal medicine be integrated with mainstream medicine in Kenya and what are the challenges? This paper discusses these and other questions in respect of herbal medicine. The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 8(2) 2005: 22-26","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90082306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Study of antidiarrheal activity of Hydrocotyle javanica in mice 水芹对小鼠止泻作用的研究
The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.4314/ecajps.v8i2.9722
C. Kumarappan, S. Sunderi, G. Nagalakshmi, Chidambraram
{"title":"Study of antidiarrheal activity of Hydrocotyle javanica in mice","authors":"C. Kumarappan, S. Sunderi, G. Nagalakshmi, Chidambraram","doi":"10.4314/ecajps.v8i2.9722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ecajps.v8i2.9722","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the methanolic leaf extract of Hydrocotyle javanica (family Hydrocharitaceae) was investigated in mice to evaluate its antidiarrheal activity on magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) induced diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility. Hydrocotyle javanica , at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, was tested for its effect on fecal output in magnesium sulfate induced diarrhea in albino mice and the results (percentage of animals showing diarrhea) were compared with those of diphenoxylate hydrochloride, a standard allopathic antidiarrheal drug. Hydrocotyle javanica (at a dose of 100 mg/kg) inhibited the magnesium sulfate induced diarrhea and also reduced gastrointestinal motility in mice. The results indicate that the leaf extract significantly reduced diarrhea in mice with a reduction in weight of stools. Keywords : Hydrocotyle javanica , antidiarrheal, magnesium sulphate, diphenoxylate hydrochloride, gastrointestinal motility, methanolic leaf extract The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 8(2) 2005: 31-34","PeriodicalId":22387,"journal":{"name":"The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"31-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73979185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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