{"title":"Model-based Calibration of a Magnetic Induction Spectroscopy System for Absolute Conductivity Measurement","authors":"M. O’Toole, W. Yin, A. Peyton","doi":"10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220025","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic induction spectroscopy (MIS) is a measurement technique where the impedance spectra of an object can be determined by inducing eddy-currents in that object, then detecting the resultant magnetic field. It is an entirely non-contact method, but suffers the drawback of only being able to return relative impedance contingent on the shape of the test object, rather than independent and physically meaningful absolute measurements.In this paper, we address this shortfall by demonstrating a simulation-derived procedure to obtain true conductivities from MIS measurements. We determine calibration constants by using saline solutions of different sizes and conductivities and find an approximate accuracy of +/- 65 mS/m. We further employ this procedure to find approximate absolute conductivities of a baking potato, braeburn apple and conference pear over part of their beta-dispersion region between 100 kHz and 10 MHz.","PeriodicalId":223737,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128352679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Experimental Study to Enhance the Attentional State using EEG Signals","authors":"Jagadish Bandaru, Rajalakshmi Pachumutthu","doi":"10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220056","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a simple low-complex classification framework for the cognitive enhancement with the sustained attention stimuli using Electroencephalography (EEG) signals. The visual stimuli comprise of four face images: two happy (one male and one female) and two unhappy (one male and one female). The neuronal response is decoded using a combination of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and ensemble classifier. The features are extracted by decomposition of recorded EEG signals using Daubechies wavelet filter (db4) and used the statistical methods such as the absolute mean value, power, and standard deviation for classification. The proposed methodology is validated on in-house recorded visual attention EEG (VA-EEG) dataset using six subjects (three males, three females) and evaluated the performance on six binary combinations of facial stimuli. The performance results show that the binary combination of male happy (MH) and female happy (FH) facial stimuli aids in cognitive enhancement for the people suffering from cognitive symptoms. The proposed low-complex feature extraction classification framework obtained a mean classification accuracy (CA) and a mean kappa value of 86.58% and 0.72, respectively.","PeriodicalId":223737,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130863571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amelia Beckley, Baden Parr, Sanjay Mathrani, M. Legg, Andrew Drain
{"title":"Mechanical Requirements for a Smart Inhaler Product","authors":"Amelia Beckley, Baden Parr, Sanjay Mathrani, M. Legg, Andrew Drain","doi":"10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220048","url":null,"abstract":"Asthma and other respiratory diseases are a significant problem for the New Zealand health sector. There are several factors that make asthma treatment difficult and these have led to the development of smart inhaler devices. However, the devices currently available on the market do not address the core problems with asthma treatment and so a new smart inhaler product is being developed. The smart inhaler product uses an acoustic sensor to detect inhalation flow rate and a haptic motor to provide vibration feedback. To avoid the vibration feedback interfering with the acoustic sensing, vibration damping methods have been employed. Passive damping using viscoelastic material was chosen as it is low-cost and compact. However, results show that these methods are not effective enough to reduce the magnitude of the vibration noise below the magnitude of the inhalation signal using the current acoustic sensor (a microphone). It is possible that effective damping could be achieved using a transducer as the acoustic sensor. However, the transducer must be integrated with the smart inhaler product and likely isolated in some way. Following this, further testing would be required.","PeriodicalId":223737,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114161265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Multi-Jerk Equation Emulator Circuit Exhibiting Various Chaotic Behaviours","authors":"Denil V. Robinson, A. C. S.","doi":"10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220060","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design, mathematical background and performance studies of a new chaotic emulator circuit. The circuit exhibits various chaotic phenomena by emulating multiple jerk equations. The circuit is designed using simple and easy-to-use components like operational amplifiers, passive components, and a single switch. It uses an inductor-free and diode-less architecture; thus eliminating the nonideal parameters of these elements. The circuit operates in three modes; each mode exhibiting a different chaotic behaviour. Detailed working of the circuit and its ability to follow jerk equations are explained in the paper. This is followed by performance studies, first using a SPICE software and then using experimentation. These studies validate the capacity of the proposed circuit to emulate multiple jerk equations and various chaotic attractors. The experimental studies corroborate well with simulation and results mentioned in previous works.","PeriodicalId":223737,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114728346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-modality sensor fusion for gait classification using deep learning","authors":"S. Yunas, Abdullah S. Alharthi, K. Ozanyan","doi":"10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220037","url":null,"abstract":"Human gait has been acquired and studied through modalities such as video cameras, inertial sensors and floor sensors etc. Due to many environmental constraints such as illumination, noise, drifts over extended periods or restricted environment, the classification f-score of gait classifications is highly dependent on the usage scenario. This is addressed in this work by proposing sensor fusion of data obtained from 1) ambulatory inertial sensors (AIS) and 2) plastic optical fiber-based floor sensors (FS). Four gait activities are executed by 11 subjects on FS whilst wearing AIS. The proposed sensor fusion method achieves classification f-scores of 88% using artificial neural network (ANN) and 91% using convolutional neural network (CNN) by learning the best data representations from both modalities.","PeriodicalId":223737,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123684284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. A. Marsh, W. van Verre, John W. Wilson, G. Evatt, A. Peyton
{"title":"Evaluation of a Bespoke Antarctic Meteorite Detection System in Polar Operating Conditions","authors":"L. A. Marsh, W. van Verre, John W. Wilson, G. Evatt, A. Peyton","doi":"10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220085","url":null,"abstract":"A bespoke detection system has been constructed for the purpose of identifying iron-rich meteorites which are suspected to exist beneath the ice surface in regions of Antarctica. This system has been specially hardened to the hostile polar environment, and is capable of searching a desired target space of 1 km2 in approximately 11 hours, maintaining a target speed of 15 km/h. The performance of the detector has been validated through structured testing in the High Arctic. A test site was constructed in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, which contained 13 meteorite surrogates buried at depths between 0 cm (flush with the ground level) and 40 cm. Representative results for detector performance in typical Antarctic operating conditions are reported. The system demonstrates the ability to reliably detect targets as deep as 20 cm using real-time processing, and shows the potential for identifying targets as deep as 30-40 cm with more advanced post-processing, or improvements in the real-time discrimination algorithm.","PeriodicalId":223737,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126042459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Olson, C. Davies, G. S. Gupta, Rose Davies, L. Fullard
{"title":"Preliminary investigation into low-cost stretch sensors for stomach deformation measurement","authors":"G. Olson, C. Davies, G. S. Gupta, Rose Davies, L. Fullard","doi":"10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220062","url":null,"abstract":"Physical simulation of gastric tract motility, through the use of controlled flexi-walled reactors, can benefit from measured feedback of the amount of stretch that regions of the deformable membrane wall undergo. Appropriate sensors need to be at least as flexible as the surface they are mounted on, and have the ability to stretch to the same extent. One method for measuring the stretch of highly flexible membrane walls is through the use of conductive ionic fluids encased in a flexible elastomer. A change in resistance can be measured between two terminals of the ionic liquid pathway as the sensor strip undergoes stretch deformation. A simple, low-cost approach to fabricating this form of sensor is to encase a conductive saline solution in a highly flexible silicone tube, with electrodes placed in contact with the fluid at the two ends of the sealed tube. Initial results indicate that this basic approach provides good stability and repeatability of resistance measurement readings during stretching. Further testing of the characteristics of this type of sensor is required to properly assess its capabilities against commercial stretch sensors and state-of-the-art devices.","PeriodicalId":223737,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121369664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pawan Pathak, Rachel H. T. Li, Woo Hyoung Lee, H. Cho
{"title":"Fabrication of a Pseudo-reference Electrode on a Flexible Substrate and Its Application to Heavy Metal Ion Detection","authors":"Pawan Pathak, Rachel H. T. Li, Woo Hyoung Lee, H. Cho","doi":"10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220010","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible electrochemical sensors with three- electrode configuration are useful for various in-situ measurements of electroactive species. An electrochemical modification of a printed silver layer is presented as a method to integrate a mechanical and electrochemically stable pseudoreference electrode. The surface morphologies and compositions of the pseudo-reference electrode were characterized by a scanning electron microscope, an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, and an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The electrochemical performance of the integrated pseudo-reference electrode was studied using potassium ferricyanide as a probe molecule and compared against the results obtained from a commercial reference electrode. Its application towards heavy metal ion detection in aqueous solutions was demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":223737,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126828814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acoustic Identification of Grape Clusters Occluded by Foliage","authors":"Baden Parr, Mathew Legg, F. Alam, S. Bradley","doi":"10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220078","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of a vineyard can be influenced by accurate yield estimations prior to harvest. Traditionally, this is a manual process. However, due to the high labour costs and subjective nature of manual assessments, researchers have been working on automated techniques. Utilising 2D computer vision has shown promising results but is inherently limited due to occlusions. The algorithms can only count grapes that are directly visible. Often this shortcoming is accounted for by using coarse occlusion ratio estimates, which themselves need to be manually determined. As a result, researchers have begun looking at alternative methods of grape detection. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has been demonstrated as a feasible approach to see grape clusters behind leaves. However, this comes at a significant financial cost. This paper introduces an alternative approach that utilises low frequency ultrasound to detect grape clusters in the presence of foliage occlusion. We demonstrate that such low frequency signals have the ability to propagate through foliage and reflect off grapes behind. Additionally, by agitating the leaves we can analyse the variance of consecutive samples and determine which volumes are likely to belong to grape clusters.","PeriodicalId":223737,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127333921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikhil Kumar, Anurag Barthwal, Divya Lohani, D. Acharya
{"title":"Modeling IoT Enabled Automotive System for Accident Detection and Classification","authors":"Nikhil Kumar, Anurag Barthwal, Divya Lohani, D. Acharya","doi":"10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAS48726.2020.9220030","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of people get injured, disabled or die in automotive accidents each year. Knowledge about the type of road accident is invaluable to the emergency medical services providers for optimal planning and execution of the rescue operation. An IoT based system has been developed in this work to report the occurrence, location as well as the type of road accident. The system uses in-built sensors of passenger smartphone to detect and classify the accident as head-on collision, rollover or fall-off. The accuracy of the proposed system, which uses Naïve Bayes classifier for classification, has been evaluated using precision, recall, F1 score and ROC curve.","PeriodicalId":223737,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS)","volume":"46 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114002072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}