Russian Journal of Legal Studies最新文献

{"title":"Legal Deterrent Strategy Against Illegal Management Actions","authors":"S. Lutsenko, И ЛуценкоС","doi":"10.17816/rjls18450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rjls18450","url":null,"abstract":"The author considers legal strategy of restriction from illegal actions of the management, allowing to protect interests of shareholders. The author analyzes the agency problem between shareholders and management in the corporate legislation through a prism of legal strategy. The shareholder of the company possesses powers which allow it with a view of efficiency achievement as independently, and under the responsibility to appoint to (choose) the management. The management is allocated with large powers. Legal strategy of restraint assumes co-ordination of actions of management and the shareholder, allowing to lower the agency costs connected with wrongful acts (infringements of the fiduciary duties) from management. In the corporate legislation main principle is the priority of interests of the company in whole (the corporate blessing) over interests of other participants of corporate relations. The key role is played by the control of the shareholder of actions of management within the limits of legal strategy of restraint. The effective and flexible system of compensation allows to lower level of the agency conflict between management and the shareholder of the company. The motivation program should be focused on important long-term objectives of the company. Compensation directly is connected with results of activity of the company and professionalism of its management. A part of legal strategy of restraint is use of fiduciary rates which protect interests of the shareholder as a class. The legislation demands, that the management acted in good fair and reasonably in interests of the company. The author focuses the companies on provision of independence as a part of controls for the purpose of decrease in the agency conflict between management and participants of the company. The legal strategy of restraint offered by the author, allows to soften the agency conflict between interests of a management and interests of participants of the company.","PeriodicalId":223654,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132705034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responsibility for Rape under the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China","authors":"A. A. Bimbinov","doi":"10.17816/rjls18453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rjls18453","url":null,"abstract":"A subject of the real research is the criminal legislation of People’s Republic of China on responsibility for rape. In work object of the specified crime is investigated, characteristic of the victim and subject of offense is given, the content of signs of the objective and subjective parties of crime reveals. Also characteristic of the qualifying signs is given in article. It is noted that studying of the foreign legislation and practice of its application is important both from theoretical, and from practical the points of view. Experience of foreign legislators allows to consider possible negative consequences when reforming the domestic legislation. The analysis of judicial practice, opinions of the Chinese and domestic scientists, the kriminogenic and qualifying signs allowed to establish strong and weaknesses of the Chinese legislation regarding a regulation of responsibility for rape. The Russian and Chinese criminal legislation has many common features. In many respects it is caused by the long-term socialist direction of development of the Russian Federation and People’s Republic of China. Nevertheless, the Chinese criminal legislation in the studied part has certain differences. So, for example, social, cultural and political and legal features of the Chinese system did not allow it to develop balanced by criminal - a legal mechanism of protection of the person against sexual encroachments irrespective of his floor. Now in criminal law of People’s Republic of China there is no independent responsibility for violent acts of sexual nature with penetration (anal, oral sexual contact) concerning males (in Russia such actions form the corpus delicti provided by Article 132 of the Criminal code). Such actions, despite high public danger, on the current edition of the law can be qualified only as infliction of harm to health or as dissolute actions.","PeriodicalId":223654,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134253743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The War of Meanings:Indirect Religious Extremist Influenceon the Value-Semantic Core of the Russian Community","authors":"A. V. Agutin","doi":"10.17816/rjls18439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rjls18439","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the understanding of the war of meanings by the potential of a nonlinear religious extremist influence on the value-semantic core of the Russian community. The objectives of the nonlinear religious extremist influence on the value-semantic core of the Russian community are determined. The interrelation and interdependence of nonlinear religious extremist influence with Protestantism and pantheistic mysticism is substantiated","PeriodicalId":223654,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123281911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Choice of Strategic Directionsfor the Development of Health Care in Russia, Taking into Account Risk Factors for Maintaining the Health of Children, the Working-Age Population and the Retirement Age","authors":"L. Gabueva, А ГабуеваЛ, N. Pavlova, Ф ПавловаН","doi":"10.17816/rjls18444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rjls18444","url":null,"abstract":"Health care in Russia is under the difficult conditions of under-financing of the industry due to the stagnation of the economy, relatively low GDP per capita, a small percentage of GDP allocated to health care, large area and low density of settlement of the population served. In this context the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation must correctly determine the strategy and tactics of action to its available resources were aimed at solving the main tasks of preserving the population of all age groups. The authors propose to consider the influence of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on the full range of risk factors that determine the health status of the population, the relationship between the health of parents and the welfare of the family and the role of the older generations of the family in the preservation, creation and development of the potential viability of the family. It is in the family that the human labor force is created, the restoration and reproduction of today’s labor potential, and the task of expanded reproduction of labor resources is resolved which is the basis of socio-economic growth and development of Russia-is being solved. The authors take part in the scientific and practical discussion on pension reform, offering the Government to take into account the expected duration of healthy life of men and women, to analyze various aspects of employment of the older population, which has higher risks of becoming unemployed than workers of middle and young age. On the other hand, the continued employment of older persons makes the task of youth employment even more difficult. The authors suggest that the Government consider other options for filling the budget. The science of management says that it is necessary to consider several options, take into account the pros and cons of each, and find the option that will give the least plume of negative social consequences and will allow to execute the main national task to preserve of the population.","PeriodicalId":223654,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129579589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues of Application of Article 171 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the Field of Passenger Transport by Air","authors":"V. I. Sankov, V. Perederiy","doi":"10.17816/rjls18455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rjls18455","url":null,"abstract":"The presented article examines and analyzes problematic issues of application and interpretation of legal norms in the examination of communications and the investigation of criminal cases on illegal business (crimes under Art. 171 of the Criminal Code), in the provision of services for the carriage of passengers by air, on the specified type of activity, if air transportation is carried out with an excursion and other cognitive purpose. In particular, we are talking about the spread in recent years of the provision of paid services for the transportation of passengers by air for the purpose of sightseeing and familiarization flights, for the implementation of which, in the opinion of air carriers, a special permit (license) is not required. In addition, the question arises about the validity of the recognition of such entrepreneurial activity, especially if the airline that provides the service is a non-profit partnership. Activities in this area are examined on specific examples: similar services for aerotourism and helicopter excursions are provided, in particular, within the framework of the Heliport of Russia project, whose goal is to create the largest network of modern multifunctional helicopter systems throughout the country. From the decision of these questions depends presence or absence of signs of the given crime. Based on the analysis of legislation, various points of view of specialists, as well as judicial practice, the authors state their position and propose ways of solving these problems. The authors believe that in the presence of necessary conditions (extraction of income as a result of activity in a large or especially large amount), the activities of non-profit partnerships for the transportation of passengers by air transport while providing services for their excursion services, as well as «aerotaxi» services without an appropriate license, may contain a composition a crime under Art. 171 of the Criminal Code.","PeriodicalId":223654,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115522358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective Attitude to the Injuryunder Circumstances Precluding the Criminality of the Act (Chapter 8 of the Criminal Code of the RF)","authors":"V. V. Pitetskiy","doi":"10.17816/rjls18456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rjls18456","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the question of the subjective attitude towards causing harm in circumstances precluding the criminality of the act. in the science of criminal law he is not given due attention. The solution of this problem contributes to the correct determination of the cases of causing harm in the absence of the necessary subjective signs of a crime, as well as the correct qualification of crimes in general. On the basis of different approaches to the concept of subjective attitude and guilt in criminal law, their correlation with injury in criminal law is analyzed, as well as the circumstances in which the criminality of an act is excluded. Analyzes the contents of subjective attitude in individual cases stipulated by the criminal law (Chapter 8 of the Criminal Code of the RF). There are situations where the mental attitude to the consequences is the same as in any other act of lawful behavior. These include the necessary defense, the detention of the offender, emergency. The case is substantiated when the subjective attitude to the damage caused is generally absent due to the lack of objective signs of the act or the indirect nature of the cause: physical coercion, execution of a mandatory order or instruction. It is concluded that with a reasonable risk only formal signs of reckless guilt appear, but there are no meaningful signs that would indicate that a person has a negative subjective attitude. The results of the study may be important for the correct application of criminal law in this area.","PeriodicalId":223654,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123867874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Concept and Classification of Remedies for Convicts: Problematic Issues of Legislative Regulation","authors":"D. Gorbán, В ГорбаньД","doi":"10.17816/rjls18459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rjls18459","url":null,"abstract":"In presented article the author attempts a comprehensive analysis of the purpose of the penal law, as the correction of convicts, as well as its fixed assets. The relevance of the chosen topic actual the fact that the search for new ways and means of correction of convicts is one of the modern trends of reforming criminal-executive system. The aim of correction condemned is secured in the criminal and criminal-executive legislation, however, in the literature it is a lot of debate. A controversial issue is the consolidation of the list of fixed assets of correction condemned, to which the authors propose to assign treatment, psychological work, etc. the purpose of correction condemned, and therefore the study of this process more actual in terms of rising every year numbers of recidivism. Because the rate of recidivism is directly linked to the effectiveness of the correctional institutions of the penal system. In this paper, the analysis includes consideration of different points of view of scientists on the concept of «rehabilitation of offenders», the identification of shortcomings of this concept and proposal author. The second focus of the study is the question of the classification of fixed assets of correction condemned, and also fastening of additional means of correction in the penal law. In the preparation and writing of scientific articles were used methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the dialectical method of scientific knowledge. In conclusion, the author summarizes the main results of the conducted research and proposes a concept of prisoners, the classification of assets corrections for basic and optional.","PeriodicalId":223654,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130061259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Content of Disarmament as a Principle of Modern International Law","authors":"G. N. Nutsalkhanov, Н НуцалхановГ","doi":"10.17816/rjls18441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rjls18441","url":null,"abstract":"At each stage of historical development in the world there were problems that are of universal global character. Such a problem in the modern world is the problem of disarmament. The article studies disarmament as a principle of modern international law. Analyzing the content of the disarmament principle on the basis of the provisions enshrined in the UN Charter, states do not yet have a direct duty to disarm. This duty must be mediated through other rules that require States to do so, and the creation by States of such norms is their duty. Noting the difficulty of developing a mutually acceptable agreement on disarmament, the author shows the role of the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council in defining the general principles of disarmament and developing concrete plans in this area. In this context, the work of the main organs of the United Nations, the author also considers the role of the Military Staff Committee as a subsidiary body of the UN Security Council. The author then examines the role of the UN Disarmament Commission. Despite the fact that the Commission is not directly called upon to draft specific draft agreements on disarmament, this, in our view, is possible because the possibility of considering specific disarmament plans is not excluded from the functions of the General Assembly. At the same time, the author notes that the activities of the Commission can not be outside the jurisdiction of the UN Security Council, since it is this body that is responsible for developing the final disarmament plans. An analysis of the international legal doctrine and existing international legal acts leads the author to the conclusion that in the modern international law the disarmament principle is being formed, which acquires a qualitatively different character with the adoption of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons","PeriodicalId":223654,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128918181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Information Security in the Framework of International Law (Methodology, Theory)","authors":"N. Kostenko","doi":"10.17816/rjls18438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rjls18438","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to form basic approaches to formation and development of the law of international information security. The relevance of such an analysis is provided by the analysis of the legal nature of international information security. Examines the information component, which is an important component of international and national security. Explores the international information security management issues within the framework of the law of international law and of international information security in particular. Examines the problem of ensuring international information security on the improvement of the legal system of international information security. Analyses the legal nature of international information security in modern conditions. Explores approaches to the subject of education newly emerging branch of international law: the right of international information security. The work involves scientific and private scientific research methods, including analysis, synthesis, deductive, inductive, systematic methods, normative-logical method and other methods of cognition. In an article in a special way the role of information security at the international level and of ensuring international information security actors are the State, its bodies, legal entities and natural persons, who are required to carry out its activities in a specified direction. The novelty of the study is: firstly, the international information security is aimed at forming and ensuring international information security legal regime on the basis of the universally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties; secondly, international legal principles and norms regulating the legal status of the information space, usage of public persons, belong to the branch of international law: the right of international information security; thirdly, under the international information security understand global information system security from threats of «triad»- terrorist, kiberprestupnye and politico-military (under military-political threats means information warfare and information confrontation). Fourthly, the international information security is governed by universally recognized principles and norms of international law, international treaties of the Russian Federation and.","PeriodicalId":223654,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123187197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criminological Dimension of Environmental Crime","authors":"Y. Tymoshenko","doi":"10.17816/rjls18460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rjls18460","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the increased public danger and the prevalence of criminal attacks on the environment, statistics show that since 2010 the officially registered environmental crime has a negative trend. The reasons for this are many, and they are, as shown by the study, to a greater extent subjective. The fact that the legislator classifies the majority of criminal violations of the environment (60%) as minor, difficulties in investigating the facts of criminal pollution of the environment, the minimum Statute of limitations of criminal liability lead to the fact that combating environmental crimes is not a priority in the activities of law enforcement agencies. As a result, the reduction in the number of registered environmental crimes occurs against the background of the growth of administrative offenses. This is facilitated by the lack of clear, regulatory features that allow to distinguish between these types of responsibility, which often leads to an excessively broad law enforcement discretion. According to the results of the study, the level of latency of criminal attacks on the environment is 30-60% on the facts of illegal extraction of biological resources and 70-90% on the facts of environmental pollution. Increased latency of crimes related to the negative impact on natural objects, contributes to the poor design of their compositions as material.","PeriodicalId":223654,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Legal Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126577761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}