Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences最新文献_第9页

Impacts of Madden-Julian Oscillation on tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific under global warming 全球变暖背景下，马登-朱利安涛动对北太平洋西部热带气旋活动的影响

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.10.01.02

L. Dao, Li‐Chiao Wang, Jia‐Yuh Yu

引用次数: 0

Optimal estimates and uncertainty of low-permeability soil fractions in a complicated aquifer system 复杂含水层系统中低渗透土壤组分的最优估计和不确定性

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.12.18.01

Shih-Kai Chen, C. Jang, Ya-Hsuan Wang

引用次数: 0

Introduction to the special issue on New advances on stratigraphy and paleontology in Taiwan 台湾地层学与古生物学新进展特刊导言

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.12.29.01

Jih-Pai Lin, C. Lin, W. Chu, Chun-Hsiang Chang

{"title":"Introduction to the special issue on New advances on stratigraphy and paleontology in Taiwan","authors":"Jih-Pai Lin, C. Lin, W. Chu, Chun-Hsiang Chang","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.12.29.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.12.29.01","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the long tradition of studies, there are excellent potentials for research in Taiwan due to emerging techniques and innovative approaches. On the other hand, breakthroughs in DNA sequencing technology have revolutionized our life, and paleontologists can also benefit from the interdisciplinary cooperation to shed light on the phylogeny and development of fossil species through investigating extant sister species. Moreover, unstudied new fossils have been collected and accumulated over the years in Taiwan. New studies attaining higher resolution on the spatiotemporal dynamics of past faunas have provided insights into past biodiversity patterns. In this special issue, a new fossil wood from Taiwan is officially named. The oldest known fossil coral from Taiwan is reported. New fossil records of Sinaechinocyamus mai (Wang, 1984) are documented. Phylogenomics of living sand dollars (Echinodermata; Echinoidea) based on transcriptome with the inclusion of S. mai is discussed. Stereomic microstructures of the first Taiwan fossil echinoid Scaphechinus mirabilis A. Agassiz, 1864 are illustrated. Incomplete keyholed sand dollars can be distinguished at the generic level based on landmark analyses. Mophometrics provides a new approach to explain the circular outlines were achieved independently in distantly related lineages of sand dollars. Non-boring type fossil bivalves buried in situ from Taiwan is documented here for the first time. <A ce t ed M anu scrip t>","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69525155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new Philippine geoid model from airborne and terrestrial gravity data 基于航空和地面重力数据的菲律宾大地水准面模型

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.11.15.01

Ronaldo Cruz Gatchalian, R. Forsberg, A. Olesen

引用次数: 2

Effects of mid-level moisture and environmental flow on the development of afternoon thunderstorms in Taipei 台北市中高层湿度及环境气流对午后雷暴发展的影响

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.11.17.01

S. Tsujino, H. Kuo, Hungjui Yu, Buo‐Fu Chen, K. Tsuboki

{"title":"Effects of mid-level moisture and environmental flow on the development of afternoon thunderstorms in Taipei","authors":"S. Tsujino, H. Kuo, Hungjui Yu, Buo‐Fu Chen, K. Tsuboki","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.11.17.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.11.17.01","url":null,"abstract":"Afternoon thunderstorms (TSs) over the Taipei metropolitan area often cause meteorological disasters. Further understanding of essential factors for TS organization is important for improving prediction accuracy. This study conducts numerical simulations in two real situations with different environmental profiles: a heavy rainfall (TS) case and a no rainfall (NoTS) case. The TS simulation reasonably captures the afternoon rainfall in the Taipei basin. The thermal structure and sea breeze evolution in the simulations are verified by the observation from a field campaign. In both cases, the sea breeze develops in the afternoon. Weak environmental flow and high humidity are observed in the TS case. In contrast, a thick and dry layer with southeasterly wind above 2-km height is presented in the NoTS case. Four idealized experiments are then performed with the initial conditions based on the actual TS/ NoTS soundings and with/without the southeasterly environmental flows. Despite the different thermal profiles, the two simulations without the southeasterly flows exhibit qualitatively similar rainfall distribution and the evolution of the sea breeze to that of the real TS simulation. However, with the southeasterly environmental flows, the simulation with the NoTS sounding exhibits considerably less convection and rainfall. Therefore, not only moisture profiles but also environmental wind profiles are critical to the TS organization. Novelly, this study further shows that the environmental flow contributes to the suppression of afternoon TSs through keeping entrainment due to the continuous supply of the dry airmass. Article history: Received 13 June 2021 Revised 29 September 2021 Accepted 17 November 2021","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69525322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Large-scale processes modulating the frequency of typhoons affecting Taiwan during 1900 - 1945 1900 - 1945年影响台湾台风频率的大尺度过程

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.11.29.01

P. Tan, Jien‐Yi Tu, M. Tsai

引用次数: 0

Improved accuracy of short-distance measurement of water flow velocity using Pulse Boundary Model 利用脉冲边界模型提高近距离测量水流速度的精度

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2019.02.07.01

Yuequn Dong, T. Lei, Qingwen Zhang, Xiaohui Zhuang, Fangfang Liu

{"title":"Improved accuracy of short-distance measurement of water flow velocity using Pulse Boundary Model","authors":"Yuequn Dong, T. Lei, Qingwen Zhang, Xiaohui Zhuang, Fangfang Liu","doi":"10.3319/TAO.2019.02.07.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/TAO.2019.02.07.01","url":null,"abstract":"Salt tracer is one of the widely used shallow water velocity measurement methods. The Pulse Boundary Model method produces low velocity at short distances from the salt injection position. This study proposes a two-step approach to accu-rately estimate the flow velocity. Experiments were carried out under three flow rates of 12, 24, and 48 L min -1 and three slope gradients of 4, 8, and 12° at six measurement positions of 0.05, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 m from the solute injection positions. The new method obtains peak velocities that are 0.999 times those of the centroid velocities, indicating that either centroid or peak time can be equally used to measure flow velocity. The new method significantly improves measurement accuracy of flow velocity at short distances, as indicated by the almost equal measured velocities at all locations as those measured at longer distances. Velocities measured by the new method were significantly higher than those measured by the Pulse Boundary Model method or the centroid velocities measured by the traditional salt tracer method. In addition, the centroid and the peak velocities obtained by the new method correlates well to those by the traditional volumetric method. The velocities measured by the volumetric method were 0.79 (centroid velocity) and 0.78 (peak velocity) times of those estimated by the new and improved method. The results show that new and improved method provides an accurate and efficient approach in measuring shallow water flow velocity at short distances.","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69520463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluations on Radar QPE using raindrop size distribution in Southern Luzon, Philippines 菲律宾吕宋岛南部雨滴大小分布对雷达QPE的评价

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.02.22.01

Jonathan Macuroy, Wei-Yu Chang, D. Faustino-Eslava, Patricia Ann J. Sanchez, Cristino L. Tiburan Jr., B. Jou

{"title":"Evaluations on Radar QPE using raindrop size distribution in Southern Luzon, Philippines","authors":"Jonathan Macuroy, Wei-Yu Chang, D. Faustino-Eslava, Patricia Ann J. Sanchez, Cristino L. Tiburan Jr., B. Jou","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.02.22.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.02.22.01","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzed the raindrop size distribution (DSD) measured by an optical Parsivel disdrometer in Southern Luzon, Philippines and utilized it to generate dual-pol relations for the nearby Tagaytay radar. The relations were generated using two methods (Method 1 - gamma-based and Method 2 - linear fitting), four time-integration steps (1, 2-, 5, and 10-min) and datasets from two periods (wet season and single event). The resulting quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) calculated from the generated R(Z) relations were compared to rain gauge stations near the disdrometer and were evaluated for the Tropical Storm Yagi Monsoon event of 10 August (2200 UTC) to 11 August (0400 UTC) 2018 using six statistics: Pearson’s correlation; mean error, percent bias, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency, mean absolute error, and root-mean-square error. Results show that the area’s DSD demonstrates relatively larger average raindrop diameters than some of its Asian counterparts, albeit a smaller number in the total number of raindrops when compared with the same areas. In terms of QPE evaluation, results showed a consistent pattern observed wherein the R(Z) relations using finer time steps (1-and 2-min) generally performed better than the longer ones. Moreover, Method 1 dominated Method 2 in terms of error statistics. As expected, Method 2 outperformed Method 1 in terms of r (as Method 2 itself is derived through linear fit). The best derived R(Z) relations were able to outperform other relations in terms of r, NSE, and RMSE. On the other hand, R(K DP ) was able to perform the best in terms of ME, MAE, and pBIAS, reducing the bias of current standard method by up to 74%.","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69523636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ionospheric tilting of 21 August 2017 total solar eclipse sounded by GNSS ground-based receivers and radio occultation 2017年8月21日由GNSS地基接收器和无线电掩星探测到的日全食电离层倾斜

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.08.17.01

Chi‐Yen Lin, Jann‐Yenq Liu, Yang‐Yi Sun, C. Lin, L. Chang, Chao-Yen Chen, Chia‐Hung Chen

引用次数: 2

The determination of Thailand Geoid Model 2017 (TGM2017) from airborne and terrestrial gravimetry 泰国大地水准面模型2017 (TGM2017)的航空和地面重力测定

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.08.23.01

Puttipol Dumrongchai, Chawis Srimanee, Nuttanon Duangdee, Jittrakorn Bairaksa

{"title":"The determination of Thailand Geoid Model 2017 (TGM2017) from airborne and terrestrial gravimetry","authors":"Puttipol Dumrongchai, Chawis Srimanee, Nuttanon Duangdee, Jittrakorn Bairaksa","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.08.23.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.08.23.01","url":null,"abstract":"The Royal Thai Survey Department and Chiang Mai University developed the Thailand geoid model 2017 (TGM2017) with a 1’ × 1’ grid to support the transformation between Global Navigation satellite System (GNSS) ellipsoid heights and Kolak-1915 vertical datum orthometric heights. TGM2017 was based on Thailand gravimetric geoid model 2017 (THAI17G) and 299 GNSS ellipsoidal heights co-located with Kolak-1915 heights. All terrestrial gravity data used for geoid computation came from the new national gravity network, consisting of 87 absolute and 9929 relative gravity stations at 10 – 25 km intervals, mostly along with existing roads. From 2016 to 2017, airborne gravity surveys were conducted at a 4000m-flight altitude and 10 km along-track spacing to acquire the gravity data over mountainous and inaccessible areas, including coastal and marine areas, at an estimated accuracy of 3.0 mGal. Long-wavelength geoid structure was controlled by the GOCE-EGM2008 combined model (GECO) and the Technical University of Denmark’s global marine gravity model 2013 (DTU13). All gravity data were combined and downward, using least-squares collocation with the residual terrain model reductions from a digital terrain elevation data level 2 (DTED2). THAI17G was determined by multi-band spherical Fast Fourier Transform and converted to TGM2017 with the 38.2cm root-mean-square (rms) fit of 299 GNSS/leveling co-points and a mean offset of 37.0 cm. This value represents the separation between Kolak-1915 and a global mean sea level. The evaluation of TGM2017 at 100 GNSS/leveling checkpoints shows the rms of 4.9 cm, consequently leading to reliable orthometric heights at a 10-cm accuracy level or better.","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69524123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1