Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences最新文献_第10页

Evaluations on Radar QPE using raindrop size distribution in Southern Luzon, Philippines 菲律宾吕宋岛南部雨滴大小分布对雷达QPE的评价

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.02.22.01

Jonathan Macuroy, Wei-Yu Chang, D. Faustino-Eslava, Patricia Ann J. Sanchez, Cristino L. Tiburan Jr., B. Jou

{"title":"Evaluations on Radar QPE using raindrop size distribution in Southern Luzon, Philippines","authors":"Jonathan Macuroy, Wei-Yu Chang, D. Faustino-Eslava, Patricia Ann J. Sanchez, Cristino L. Tiburan Jr., B. Jou","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.02.22.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.02.22.01","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzed the raindrop size distribution (DSD) measured by an optical Parsivel disdrometer in Southern Luzon, Philippines and utilized it to generate dual-pol relations for the nearby Tagaytay radar. The relations were generated using two methods (Method 1 - gamma-based and Method 2 - linear fitting), four time-integration steps (1, 2-, 5, and 10-min) and datasets from two periods (wet season and single event). The resulting quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) calculated from the generated R(Z) relations were compared to rain gauge stations near the disdrometer and were evaluated for the Tropical Storm Yagi Monsoon event of 10 August (2200 UTC) to 11 August (0400 UTC) 2018 using six statistics: Pearson’s correlation; mean error, percent bias, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency, mean absolute error, and root-mean-square error. Results show that the area’s DSD demonstrates relatively larger average raindrop diameters than some of its Asian counterparts, albeit a smaller number in the total number of raindrops when compared with the same areas. In terms of QPE evaluation, results showed a consistent pattern observed wherein the R(Z) relations using finer time steps (1-and 2-min) generally performed better than the longer ones. Moreover, Method 1 dominated Method 2 in terms of error statistics. As expected, Method 2 outperformed Method 1 in terms of r (as Method 2 itself is derived through linear fit). The best derived R(Z) relations were able to outperform other relations in terms of r, NSE, and RMSE. On the other hand, R(K DP ) was able to perform the best in terms of ME, MAE, and pBIAS, reducing the bias of current standard method by up to 74%.","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69523636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ionospheric tilting of 21 August 2017 total solar eclipse sounded by GNSS ground-based receivers and radio occultation 2017年8月21日由GNSS地基接收器和无线电掩星探测到的日全食电离层倾斜

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.08.17.01

Chi‐Yen Lin, Jann‐Yenq Liu, Yang‐Yi Sun, C. Lin, L. Chang, Chao-Yen Chen, Chia‐Hung Chen

引用次数: 2

Spatial-temporal variations of Köppen climate types in China 中国Köppen气候类型的时空变化

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.10.18.01

Ting Wang, Daowei Zhou, Xiangjin Shen

{"title":"Spatial-temporal variations of Köppen climate types in China","authors":"Ting Wang, Daowei Zhou, Xiangjin Shen","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.10.18.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.10.18.01","url":null,"abstract":"The classification of Köppen climate type has been widely used to identify regional climate change. This study investigated the changes of Köppen climate type over China during 1964 2015. On average, the arid climate was located in the northwest, tropical climate, temperate climate, and cold climate were distributed in the east from south to north along the latitude, and polar climate was concentrated on the Tibetan Plateau. Comparing Köppen climate types during 1964 1989 and 1990 2015, we found that cold climate with dry winter was replaced by a cold steppe climate in Northeast China and North China, warm summer was replaced by cold summer in Northeast China and the Tibetan Plateau, tundra climate was substituted by cold climate in the Tibetan Plateau, and cold climate was replaced by temperate climate in Central China and East China. Our results showed that the arid climate expanded eastward and southward, which may have resulted from a decrease in precipitation. Owing to the increase in temperature, the climate zones moved northward. This study provides valuable insights for government decision-makers in formulating crop planting systems, water resource management, and land use planning. Article history: Received 21 June 2021 Revised 15 September 2021 Accepted 18 October 2021","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69524470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Water of eastern Taiwan mud volcanoes. Part I. H, triple O, triple Sr isotopes, and trace elements of Lo-Shan mud volcano 台湾东部泥火山水。第一部分:罗山泥火山H、三O、三Sr同位素及微量元素

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.12.26.01

H. Chao, C. You, I. Lin, Hsueh-Yu Lu, Hou-Chun Liu, C. Chung

{"title":"Water of eastern Taiwan mud volcanoes. Part I. H, triple O, triple Sr isotopes, and trace elements of Lo-Shan mud volcano","authors":"H. Chao, C. You, I. Lin, Hsueh-Yu Lu, Hou-Chun Liu, C. Chung","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.12.26.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.12.26.01","url":null,"abstract":"Mud volcano (MV) is one of the most important passageways for deep seated volatile materials to migrate back to Earth’s surface in sedimentary basins and subduction zones. Waters of MV fluid emitted from 18 mud pools in MV Luo-Shan (LS) in eastern Taiwan were sampled from the year 2002 to the year 2021. Major and trace components as well as H, triple O (δ18O and Δ17O) and triple Sr isotopes (87Sr/86Sr and δ88Sr) were measured. The results show that major components of water are Cl-, Na and Ca. Compared with seawater, water of MV LS reveals similar chemical characteristics with low-temperature ridge-flank hydrothermal spring and marine pore water in reducing condition. Limited spatial and temporal variation of major components as well as H, triple O and 87Sr/86Sr indicates waters emitted by mud pools come from the same source regionally. Slightly radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr at southern mud pools and before the year 2003 denotes different fluid reservoir from northern ones. Small 87Sr/86Sr variation in waters of northern mud pools indicates near surface mixing from 2 fluid reservoirs. The correlation among all components reveals sediment component addition is the major factor and evaporation is the key factor for conservative elements. In summary, waters expelled by MV LS mud pools originate from the same regional source, and their trace element composition such as Mg, K, Sr as well as 87Sr/86Sr slightly varies, depending on the location of the reservoir they are <Ac cept ed M anu scrip t> hosted. A stable source with small vibration of fluid reservoir of MV LS is indicated during the 19-years investigation period.","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69525142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Introduction to the special issue on Gravity and geoid in the Asia Pacific 《亚太地区重力与大地水准面》特刊简介

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.12.30.01

C. Hwang, W. Shen, Xiaopeng Li, Ami Hassan Md Din

引用次数: 0

A statistical study of the monsoon trough and associated tropical cyclogenesis over the western North Pacific 北太平洋西部季风槽及相关热带气旋形成的统计研究

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.12.15.02

T. Feng, Tao Zheng

引用次数: 0

Application of Weighted Analog Intensity Prediction (WAIP) guidance on Philippine tropical cyclone events 加权模拟强度预报(WAIP)在菲律宾热带气旋事件中的应用

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.03.03.01

Robb P. Gile, John Carlo S. Sugui, Juanito S. Galang, E. Cayanan, Hsiao-Chung Tsai, Yung-Lan Lin, Ai-Mei Chia, Ping-Yu Lin, Kuo-Chen Lu, B. Jou

{"title":"Application of Weighted Analog Intensity Prediction (WAIP) guidance on Philippine tropical cyclone events","authors":"Robb P. Gile, John Carlo S. Sugui, Juanito S. Galang, E. Cayanan, Hsiao-Chung Tsai, Yung-Lan Lin, Ai-Mei Chia, Ping-Yu Lin, Kuo-Chen Lu, B. Jou","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.03.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.03.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"The tropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecast from the Weighted Analog Intensity Prediction (WAIP) was evaluated using 63 Philippine TC cases from 2014 to 2017 to determine its applicability as baseline intensity forecast guidance of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). The method generates a rank-weighted average of intensity evolutions of 10 historical analogs from the 1945 to 2014 Joint Typhoon Warning Center best tracks that closely resemble the PAGASA official forecast track and initial intensity at the time the forecast is generated. WAIP proved to be more skillful in providing intensity forecast at 12 to 96 h and less skillful at 120 h relative to persistence. Verification revealed that WAIP had significantly smaller mean absolute error and consistently smaller intensity biases up to 96 h. However, the small sample size at 96 h due to the limitations in the extent of the observed track and reference track forecast from PAGASA suggests that the result may not fully represent the model performance within the Philippine Area of Responsibility at 96 h. The probability distribution of intensities at 36, 72, and 96 h predicted by the model showed that the statistical model may not fully capture the full range of the observed intensities or the extreme values, with the model struggling to predict lower range of intensity values with increasing forecast intervals. Three TC cases are presented to emphasize the model dependence on the accuracy of the reference track forecast and the number and representativeness of available historical analogs for a particular forecast scenario.","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69523653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Electromagnetic disturbances induced by nuclear tests in North Korea 朝鲜核试验引起的电磁干扰

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/TAO.2020.11.24.01

Xuemin Zhang, Yalu Wang, Yongxin Gao, Jing Liu

{"title":"Electromagnetic disturbances induced by nuclear tests in North Korea","authors":"Xuemin Zhang, Yalu Wang, Yongxin Gao, Jing Liu","doi":"10.3319/TAO.2020.11.24.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/TAO.2020.11.24.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, three magnetometer stations in China and four co-located magnetometers and geoelectric field detectors in Japan were primarily used for observing co-seismic signatures excited by nuclear explosions conducted in North Korea between 2006 2017. The observations in Japan did not measure considerable magnitudes of the co-seismic electromagnetic (EM) signals corresponding to the geomagnetic and geoelectric fields at large distances from the explosion source. However, the geomagnetic field detectors in northeast China detected clear co-seismic signatures, shortly after the arrival time of the seismic waves. On the day of the most powerful blast on 3 September 2017, the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field with a maximum amplitude of ±5 nT was measured at the Changchun station in China, located at a distance of less than 500 km from the explosion source. In order to understand the measured signals, three mechanisms that can induce these signals were simulated. The electrokinetic and dynamo effects were observed to primarily contribute to the formation of the surface-wave-related EM signals, whereas the shaking and vibration of the instrument caused the continuous oscillation seen in the geomagnetic observations. Article history: Received 3 January 2020 Revised 29 September 2020 Accepted 24 November 2020","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69523867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A global-scale overview of precipitation-deficit flash droughts 降水缺失型突发性干旱的全球范围概述

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.09.16.01

Natalia Limones

{"title":"A global-scale overview of precipitation-deficit flash droughts","authors":"Natalia Limones","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.09.16.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.09.16.01","url":null,"abstract":"Flash droughts are defined as fast and intense dryings of the land system. In these episodes, declines in precipitation deficits are often accompanied by rapid intensifications of evaporative demand, leading to sharp soil moisture decreases and noticeable agricultural and environmental impacts. This research presents a straightforward framework for global historical characterization of precipitation-deficit-related flash droughts, examining the extent to which this type of hazard can be described using only pentad rainfall data. The Drought Exceedance Probability Index was applied to global gridded high-resolution rainfall data for 1979 2020. Sharp upsurges in the pentad index series were detected and counted to analyze the occurrence of precipitation-deficit flash droughts. The precipitation characteristics associated to flash drought incidence were explored to learn if some rainfall regimes or times of the year are more prone to the phenomenon, which could help societies become more prepared for the risk. It was observed that climates with marked inter-annual and intra-annual rainfall variability record more flash droughts, especially when that variability is significant during the local wet seasons. This is the case of regions with erratic rainfall generation mechanisms such as Mediterranean climates or monsoon climates. The episodes mainly occur during what is expected to be the humid time of the year, when they can produce greater impact. The methodology used was able to detect the most intense events described in previous studies that used variables associated to soil moisture dryness, confirming the role of acute precipitation deficits in triggering them. Article history: Received 23 March 2021 Revised 15 September 2021 Accepted 16 September 2021","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69524335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Small-amplitude trochoidal oscillations in Typhoons Rammasun (2014) and Lekima (2019) 台风“威马逊”(2014)和“利奇马”(2019)的小振幅小浪面振荡

IF 0.8 4区地球科学

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3319/tao.2021.07.26.02

Yecheng Feng, Liguang Wu

{"title":"Small-amplitude trochoidal oscillations in Typhoons Rammasun (2014) and Lekima (2019)","authors":"Yecheng Feng, Liguang Wu","doi":"10.3319/tao.2021.07.26.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3319/tao.2021.07.26.02","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical cyclones (TCs) tend to oscillate around a mean path and the trochoidal oscillation has been documented based on radar, satellite and aircraft observational data and in numerical simulations. Currently, no consensus has been reached on the mechanisms responsible for the trochoidal oscillation in TC motion although a few theories have been proposed since 1950. In this study, the small-amplitude track oscillations of Super Typhoons Rammasun (2014) and Lekima (2019) are examined based on the 6-minute radar refelctivity and the detected oscillation in Rammasun is verified through numerical simulation. The trochoidal oscillation in the tracks of Super Typhoons Rammasun and Lekima can be retrieved with the 6-minute radar data. The detected track oscillation always exhibits cyclonic rotations around a mean track, with the amplitude of a few kilometers and the period of a few hours. The numerical simulation of Typhoon Rammasun indicates that the small-amplitude track oscillation can be simulated in terms of the period and amplitude. Based on two different center-detecting methods, it is shown that the simulated track oscillation represents the wobble of the whole inner-core circulation. Since the small-scale oscillations are closely associated with the dynamics of the TC inner-core circulation, this study suggests that the trochoidal oscillation in TC tracks may provide important information for understanding the intensity and structure changes of TCs.","PeriodicalId":22259,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69524443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1