Synthetic Metals最新文献

{"title":"An ultrasensitive benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-based fluorescent probe for Hg2+ and potential applications","authors":"K Ramakrishnan,&nbsp;Bhaskar R,&nbsp;Premkumar Jayaraj,&nbsp;Reshma Rajan,&nbsp;Ashokkumar S.K,&nbsp;S Karthikeyan,&nbsp;Rajagopal Desikan","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A facile one-step synthesis was employed to obtain the probe 2-methoxy-4-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-<em>a</em>]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenol (<strong>R1</strong>). The structural characterization of <strong>R1</strong> was performed using various spectroscopic techniques, including NMR, ESI-MS, FT-IR, and SC-XRD. The synthesized compound (<strong>R1</strong>) detects Hg²⁺ over other cations, functioning as a fluorescent “on–off” probe. Quenching of fluorescence was observed, along with a noticeable color shift from dark yellow to light yellow under UV light at 365 nm. The sensing mechanism was elucidated through density functional theory calculations and ¹H NMR titration experiments, which reveal the formation of a <strong>R1</strong>–Hg²⁺ complex. Furthermore, this in situ-generated complex was demonstrated to be effective in detecting iodide ions (I⁻). Due to the stronger binding affinity of the pyrimidine group to Hg²⁺, I⁻ ions are capable of displacing Hg²⁺ from the <strong>R1</strong>–Hg²⁺ complex, thereby regenerating free <strong>R1</strong> and restoring its fluorescence. A detection limit of 7.25 × 10⁻¹ ¹ M was achieved for Hg²⁺, indicating excellent sensitivity. In addition, <strong>R1</strong> exhibited a rapid fluorescence response to Hg²⁺ in real sample analysis. Notably, the sensor demonstrated good reusability with the potential for test strip detection applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 117934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diboraanthracene derivatives with twisted azepine donors: Achieving thermally activated delayed fluorescence and mechanically enhanced photoluminescence","authors":"En-Chi Chang ,&nbsp;Chi-Ting Chen ,&nbsp;Li-Hung Tsai ,&nbsp;Jen-Ho Tseng ,&nbsp;Jian Lei ,&nbsp;Tien-Lin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with stimuli-responsive behavior hold great potential for applications in dynamic optoelectronics and sensing. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of two novel diboraanthracene (DBA) derivatives incorporating twisted azepine-type donors, iminodibenzyl (IDB) and iminostilbene (ISB), to afford two compounds IDBDBA and ISBDBA. They display orange-to-red TADF, narrow singlet-triplet energy gaps, and high reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rates, attributed to their rigid donor-acceptor conformations, as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and theoretical calculations. Notably, ISBDBA demonstrates a mechanically induced enhancement in photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), increasing by more than twofold, accompanied by a slightly redshifted emission at 603 nm. The reversible behavior is attributed to crystallinity loss upon grinding, as supported by powder XRD analysis. Our results highlight the effectiveness of twisted azepine donors integrated into the DBA scaffold in promoting TADF activity, offering a promising strategy for developing stimuli-responsive luminescent materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 117933"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semiconducting-to-metallic transition leading to large n-type Seebeck coefficient in a copper thiolate-based coordination polymer","authors":"Chloé Andrade ,&nbsp;Alexis Giraudon ,&nbsp;Régis Debord ,&nbsp;Nathalie Guillou ,&nbsp;Erik Elkaim ,&nbsp;Florent Perret ,&nbsp;Thomas Niehaus ,&nbsp;Aude Demessence ,&nbsp;Stéphane Pailhès","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exploration of metallicity in two-dimensional coordination polymers (2D CPs) remains challenging but crucial for their development toward various applications in electronics and thermoelectrics. Here, we report the low-temperature electronic transport properties of a 2D CP, copper(I)-1,3-benzenedithiolate, [Cu<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>2</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>(1,3-BDT)]<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mtext>n</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>. A semiconductor-to-metal transition in electrical resistivity is observed below 150 K. This transition is accompanied by a sign change and the emergence of large negative Seebeck coefficient values, shifting from a few hundred positive <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>V K⁻¹ to negative values in the mV K⁻¹ range, as well as the onset of paramagnetism at low temperatures in the magnetic susceptibility. Based on first-principles calculations, these observations are attributed to an intrinsic temperature-driven drift of the electrochemical potential between the edges of two electronic state distributions separated by a small energy gap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 117912"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon-carbon synergies for enhanced energy storage: Insights into porous Si/graphite and porous Si/graphene composite anodes","authors":"Elanur Kalkan ,&nbsp;Osman Eksik ,&nbsp;Özlem Yagci ,&nbsp;Süreyya Aydin Yüksel ,&nbsp;Melih Besir Arvas","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of graphite, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and porous silicon synthesized via HF:EtOH etching, aiming to optimize their potential as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrated that porous silicon doping significantly enhanced the performance of graphite- and rGO-based anodes. The optimal doping ratios of 20 % for graphite and 10 % for rGO yielded the highest specific capacities and superior cycling stability, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrode with 20 % porous silicon was able to maintain 99 % of its capacity after 100 cycles at a current density of 1 C. Adding porous silicon to graphene increased the charge-discharge capacity of the electrodes, allowing the electrode with 10 % porous silicon to reach a capacity of 1400 mAh/g.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 117932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solution processable fluorene-based hole transporting materials for high-efficiency OLEDs","authors":"Kiran Kishore Kesavan ,&nbsp;Hsun Lee ,&nbsp;Shahnawaz ,&nbsp;Sujith Sudheendran Swyamprabha ,&nbsp;Daiva Tavgeniene ,&nbsp;Dovydas Blazevicius ,&nbsp;Gintare Krucaite ,&nbsp;Jayakumar Jayachandran ,&nbsp;Sandhya Rani Nayak ,&nbsp;Sivakumar Vaidyanathan ,&nbsp;Saulius Grigalevicius ,&nbsp;Jwo-Huei Jou","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) rely on efficient charge transport layers to optimize device performance, stability, and overall efficiency. One of the critical components in OLED architecture is the hole-transporting layer (HTL), which facilitates efficient hole injection and transport while maintaining thermal and morphological stability. Traditional hole-transporting materials (HTMs), such as <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>'-diphenyl-<em>N</em>,<em>N</em>'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (NPB), are widely used; however, their limitations, including moderate thermal stability and suboptimal energy level alignment, necessitate the development of new HTMs with improved properties. To address this challenge, we designed and synthesized three novel fluorene-based HTMs: 10-hexyl-3-(2,7-diphenylfluoren-9-ylmethylene)phenothiazine (<strong>DM258</strong>), 10-hexyl-3-[2,7-di(4-fluorophenyl)fluoren-9-ylmethylene]phenothiazine (<strong>DM259</strong>), and 10-hexyl-3-[2,7-di(9-ethylcarbazolyl-3-yl)fluoren-9-ylmethylene]phenothiazine (<strong>DM260</strong>). These compounds feature a phenothiazine-fluorene core with an aliphatic chain attached to the phenothiazine unit, designed to enhance solubility and promote the formation of stable amorphous layers for solution-processed OLEDs. During this study, we investigated how different substituents on the fluorene core (benzene, fluorobenzene, and carbazole) influence the thermal, photophysical, and charge transport properties. The synthesized materials demonstrated excellent thermal stability, with decomposition temperatures exceeding 310 °C and glass transition temperatures above 100 °C, and atomic force microscopy confirmed the formation of uniform, pinhole-free films. Their HOMO-LUMO energy levels were well-suited for hole transport, and their sufficiently high triplet energy levels effectively prevented energy back-transfer, confining excitons within the emissive layer. These characteristics make them promising candidates for achieving balanced and efficient charge transport. The performance of these materials was evaluated in OLED devices, with <strong>DM260</strong> exhibiting significant efficiency improvements. Compared to NPB-based devices, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) increased from 6.5 % to 11.4 %, power efficacy (PE) improved from 17.3 to 26.8 lm/W, and current efficacy (CE) rose from 20.6 to 34.6 cd/A at 100 cd/m². Additionally, <strong>DM260</strong> achieved the lowest operating voltages across various luminance levels (100, 1000, and 10,000 cd/m²), ensuring efficient charge transport with minimal energy loss. These findings highlight the critical role of molecular design in optimizing charge injection and transport, demonstrating the potential of fluorene-based HTMs for efficient solution-processed OLEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 117921"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring hybridization of the anthracene core in π-extended triarylamine conjugated molecules for nonlinear optical properties: Prominence of the dipole moment","authors":"Houda El Karout ,&nbsp;Lionel Sanguinet ,&nbsp;Anna Migalska-Zalas ,&nbsp;Ali Jaber ,&nbsp;Elias Akoury ,&nbsp;Bouchta Sahraoui ,&nbsp;Philippe Blanchard ,&nbsp;Ali Yassin","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the second- and third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of two π-conjugated organic chromophores, <strong>A7</strong> and <strong>HA8</strong>, designed with extended donor-acceptor architectures. The chromophores were synthesized by symmetrically connecting electron-rich triarylamine groups to the strong electron-accepting tetracyanobutadiene system through a thiophene linker. The two molecules differ predominantly in the hybridization state of the central anthracene core—fully aromatic anthracene in <strong>A7</strong> and partially reduced, nonplanar dihydroanthracene in <strong>HA8</strong>. Theoretical modeling, employing density functional theory (DFT) and coulomb-attenuating methods, indicated significant conformational and dipole moment differences: <strong>A7</strong> adopts a small dominant <em>syn</em> conformation with high dipole moment (21.8 D), while <strong>HA8</strong> exists principally in <em>anti</em> conformation with a lower dipole moment (11.34 D) showing however, intense HOMO→LUMO intramolecular charge transfers. Thorough spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, UV–Vis absorption, electrochemistry) and nonlinear optical evaluations (Z-scan in solution and Maker fringe in thin films) corroborated theoretical predictions. <strong>A7</strong> exhibited superior NLO properties in solution due to its higher dipole moment. Conversely, <strong>HA8</strong> demonstrated enhanced second- and third-harmonic generation in thin films only, surpassing conventional materials like Quartz and Silica. These findings underline the importance of molecular dipole moment and spatial arrangement control via core hybridization, offering a valuable strategy for designing advanced organic materials for NLO applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 117920"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of stereo- and regioregular self-doped PEDOT bearing phosphonic acid groups","authors":"Yuta Otake,&nbsp;Toru Amaya","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A stereo- and regioregular self-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was synthesized via oxidative polymerization of a chiral <em>C</em>₂-symmetric monomer bearing two phosphonic acid groups. The phosphonic acid moieties function as internal dopants and offer advantages over conventional sulfonic acids, including milder acidity and strong binding affinity to metal oxides. The use of a <em>C</em>₂-symmetric monomer enables the formation of a polymer with well-defined stereo- and regioregularity. The polymer film obtained from the chiral self-doped PEDOT bearing phosphonic acid moieties exhibited an electrical conductivity of 0.11 S/cm. Circular dichroism (CD) measurements revealed a backbone-induced chiroptical response in a toluene solution of its long-chain alkylammonium salt, indicating effective chirality transfer from the side chains to the π-conjugated main chain. This work represents a successful example of a self-doped chiral PEDOT-type polymer that combines both covalently attached chiral side chains and controlled stereo- and regioregularity, providing new opportunities for the design of functional chiral conductive materials with tunable optoelectronic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 117922"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorinated quinoxaline-dithienopyrrole donor-acceptor copolymers: Probing structure-property relationships via integrated experimental and theoretical analysis","authors":"Bakhet A. Alqurashy ,&nbsp;Bader M. Altayeb ,&nbsp;Ahmed Iraqi ,&nbsp;Bouzid Gassoumi ,&nbsp;Sahbi Ayachi","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two donor-acceptor (D-A) semiconducting copolymers, <strong>PDTPQx0F</strong> and <strong>PDTPQx2F,</strong> were synthesized <em>via</em> the Stille coupling reaction. The copolymers comprise dithienopyrrole (a strong electron-donating moiety) paired with quinoxaline derivatives that are either non-fluorinated or fluorinated (electron-accepting units). Such materials demonstrate significant potential for optoelectronic device applications due to their tailored electronic and optical properties. A comprehensive characterization technique, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, ¹H NMR, CV, GPC, TGA and XRD, were employed to examine their thermal stability, electrochemical behaviour, optical properties, and molecular organization in the solid-state. The impact of incorporating two fluorine atoms into the quinoxaline unit was systematically investigated. Both copolymers exhibited excellent thermal stability, with decomposition temperatures exceeding 410 °C. The non-fluorinated compound exhibited an optical bandgap (E_g^opt) of 1.77 eV and a HOMO energy level of −5.0 eV. Interestingly, the fluorinated compound (<strong>PDTPQx2F</strong>) exhibited a narrower E_g^opt of 1.60 eV and a comparable HOMO level, attributed to its higher molecular weight (12100 Da) compared to <strong>PDTPQx0F</strong> (8500 Da). XRD analysis revealed that fluorination significantly enhances molecular organization by promoting stronger π-π stacking interactions between polymer chains in the solid state. This enhanced ordering highlights the critical role of fluorine substitution in modulating the structural and electronic properties of D-A copolymers for advanced optoelectronic applications. Additionally, DFT calculations were performed to predict the optical properties of the studied compounds. Advanced theoretical analyses, including RDG, ELF, and QTAIM-NCI, were utilized to investigate the interactions within these compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 117923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailored phase separation in P3HT:PS blends for enhanced synaptic performance in organic electrochemical transistors","authors":"Seung Hwan Chung ,&nbsp;Jeong Hye Song ,&nbsp;Won Woo Lee ,&nbsp;Hocheon Yoo ,&nbsp;Hyo-Ryoung Lim ,&nbsp;Eun Kwang Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are operated by the activity of the channel layer due to ion injection of the electrolyte. Currently, they are widely used in sensors, flexible, and wearable applications. OECTs have the potential to simulate synaptic model neuromorphic computing because they possess memory capabilities to express different states and can also be utilized as reservoir computing (RC) systems. Traditionally, OECTs face challenges with low mobility and the rapid return of ions to the electrolyte in the off state, which affects their synaptic properties. The blended P3HT:PS film significantly outperformed the pristine P3HT film, exhibiting a five-fold increase in performance and a high <em>µC</em>* value of 95.74 F cm⁻¹ V⁻¹ s⁻¹ . Its enhanced crystallinity contributed to sharper transfer curves and enhanced electrical properties. The film also demonstrated improved synaptic behavior, exhibiting a stronger paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) effect and delayed ion back diffusion. Long-term memory (LTM) retention reached 55.25 % after 1000 s, representing a 1.4-fold improvement over the pristine film (39.36 %). In RC tests, 4-bit sequences (1100 vs. 0011) yielded distinct change of excitatory postsynaptic current (ΔEPSC) values (−0.21 µA vs. −0.58 µA), confirming effective signal processing. These findings establish OECT-based devices as promising candidates for neuromorphic computing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 117919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A concise and efficient solution method for the preparation of high performance electrochromic peryleneimide derivative/Cu2O hybrid films","authors":"Yuhao Lu ,&nbsp;Mi Ouyang ,&nbsp;Bowen Tao ,&nbsp;Qiqi Hua ,&nbsp;Weijun Li ,&nbsp;Wenjing Wu ,&nbsp;Ru Bai ,&nbsp;Junlei Liu ,&nbsp;Ling Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Lv ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.synthmet.2025.117918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preparation of high-performance films through a simple and low-cost route has been one of the goals pursued in the field of electrochromism (EC). As a common n-type organic dye, perylimide derivatives have been attracting attention due to their advantages such as multi-colors change, fast switch time and high optical contrast. However, their inferior solubility and stability limit the wide application of these compounds. In this work, the hybridized films of PDI-COOH Cu₂O@ and PCl-COOH Cu₂O@ were obtained using a simple solution method by immersing the Cu₂O films obtained via electrodeposition in water-soluble perylimide derivatives PDI-COOH and PCl-COOH. The ligand-metal binding via coordination bond and intermolecular π-π stacking were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the two films exhibited reversible redox activity and cathodic electrochromic properties from pink to purple (-0.7 V). Notably, the PDI-COOHCu₂O@ hybrid films show faster switching time (6.29 s for coloring and 4.94 s for bleaching), better stability (93.63 %) contrast retention after 1800 cycles), lower driving voltage (-0.7 V∼0.4 V) and higher coloring efficiency (271.18 cm²/C). This method of constructing organic-inorganic hybrid electrochromic materials using coordination bonds provides an effective strategy to facilitate the large-scale and low-cost production of functional thin films. The method to construct organic-inorganic hybrid electrochromic materials using coordination bonds provides an effective and convenient strategy to facilitate the large-scale and low-cost production of functional films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22245,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Metals","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 117918"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}