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Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East最新文献

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Eastern Light on Jerusalem 耶路撒冷的东方之光
Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.33182/aijls.v3i2.2857
Robert D. Miller II, OFS, Jonathon Riley
{"title":"Eastern Light on Jerusalem","authors":"Robert D. Miller II, OFS, Jonathon Riley","doi":"10.33182/aijls.v3i2.2857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/aijls.v3i2.2857","url":null,"abstract":"If the Post-Exilic period is now held to be the main phase of scribal production for the Hebrew Bible, understanding education in the Persian Empire is essential. Biblical scholarship has largely depended on evidence from earlier (Babylonian) or later (Hellenistic) periods, which is not applicable. This essay draws on direct evidence of Persian education in the eastern provinces to suggest a model of broader Persian scribalism.","PeriodicalId":222227,"journal":{"name":"Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East","volume":"87 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Where have all the Ur III seals gone? 乌尔 III 的密封件都去哪儿了？
Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.33182/aijls.v3i2.2851
Jacob L. Dahl
{"title":"Where have all the Ur III seals gone?","authors":"Jacob L. Dahl","doi":"10.33182/aijls.v3i2.2851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/aijls.v3i2.2851","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In this paper I analyse the late 3rd millennium and early 2nd millennium seals in two mid-size collections and reach the conclusion that exceedingly few of them date to the Ur III period (c 2100 – 2000 BC). I include some observations on other collections. I then ask the basic question: where have all the Ur III seals gone? After briefly exploring other options, I suggest with online visual evidence, that the vast majority of the Ur III seals were re-cut in the Old Babylonian period. At the end of the paper, I suggest that the absence or presence of seals from specific periods can be used to model larger historical trends. \u0000","PeriodicalId":222227,"journal":{"name":"Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Layers of Abjection 拒绝的层次
Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.33182/aijls.v3i2.2859
Alexiana Fry
{"title":"Layers of Abjection","authors":"Alexiana Fry","doi":"10.33182/aijls.v3i2.2859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/aijls.v3i2.2859","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The unnamed pilegesh of Judges 19 has been understood and labeled as “abject.” However, to only see her as abject as it pertains to the text is to miss the layered aspects of her abjection. She is not only abject literally and literarily but also abject as she is a symbol of abjection for the social body of Ancient Judah, a figure by which they understand and make sense of their traumas. The dismembered pilegesh thus demonstrates how corporeal violence to her body is used to think within the ancient world, how her body continues to demonstrate the subjugation of precarious bodies, and the way her body demonstrates theological claims and ideas—on multiple layers. Finally, in a manner of self-reflexivity, this article considers my posture as continuing her abjection. While this will not and cannot redress her abjection, exposing these layers is an attempt at re-membering. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":222227,"journal":{"name":"Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“My Hand Has Found, Like a Nest, the Wealth of the Peoples” (Isa 10:14): "我的手发现万民的财富，如同巢穴"（赛 10:14）：
Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2840
Ekaterina E. Kozlova
{"title":"“My Hand Has Found, Like a Nest, the Wealth of the Peoples” (Isa 10:14):","authors":"Ekaterina E. Kozlova","doi":"10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2840","url":null,"abstract":"Concerning Isa 10:5‒15, and the fictional speeches of an Assyrian king in it, scholars agree that much of this text’s content appears in the Neo-Assyrian royal annals, yet the referenced material is reversed to cast Assyria and its royal representative as the antithesis of everything the imperial discourse sought to uphold and propagate. The focus of this article is on the king’s plunder of the nations’ treasures which is presented through the symbolism of bird hunting and egg robbing (Isa 10:14). Drawing on ANE textual and iconographic material, this article suggests that the bird imagery in v. 14 reflects the Assyrian practice of hunting and collecting ostriches and their eggs, both of which were exotic commodities that signified wealth, prestige, and world domination. Deploying this symbolism, the Judean prophet, however, overlays it with his own Israelite negative understanding of the ostrich. Blending the two “ostrich ideologies,” the prophet satirizes the hubristic claims of the Assyrian king. Subverting the king’s self-aggrandizing claims and making him laughable, the prophet signals the king’s impending demise.","PeriodicalId":222227,"journal":{"name":"Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140705844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Iltani Archive and the Messiness of Spousal Violence 伊尔塔尼档案和配偶暴力的混乱性
Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2838
Noam Cohen
{"title":"The Iltani Archive and the Messiness of Spousal Violence","authors":"Noam Cohen","doi":"10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2838","url":null,"abstract":"The Old Babylonian archive of Iltani, a royal woman living in Qaṭṭara (Tell Al-Rimah), offers a glimpse into the messiness that often surrounds gendered violence. The archive attests to two distinct cases of spousal violence against women – namely, Iltani and her acquaintance Belessunu. When only her case is considered, Iltani may appear uncomplicated, a righteous victim. However, this neat and flat narrative is greatly complicated by her demonstrated resistance to helping Belessunu leave her abusive husband, despite Iltani’s personal history and unique ability to intervene. Letters from Belessunu and a mutual friend of the two, Azzu, offer a rare opportunity to read conversations between ancient West Asian women in response to gendered violence, and these relationships too are messy. The correspondence demonstrates that spousal violence could alternatively strengthen or strain female friendships, and offers the possibility of studying spousal violence in a way that decenters the violent (male) spouse. Despite the remarkable attestation of a women’s support network in the Old Babylonian period, it appears that the network failed to achieve its aims, whereas Yarim-Lim, a man who identifies as Belessunu’s ‘brother,’ succeeded in meeting their initial goal.","PeriodicalId":222227,"journal":{"name":"Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East","volume":"152 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140707013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bulls on Parade 公牛巡游
Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2848
Timothy Hogue
{"title":"Bulls on Parade","authors":"Timothy Hogue","doi":"10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2848","url":null,"abstract":"1 Kgs 12:25-33 is composed of two significant layers – an earlier stratum that may be based on an Israelite royal inscription and a later, likely Judahite redaction. These can be disentangled based on a redaction critical approach rooted in studies of compilational and editorial practices attested in biblical and Cuneiform sources. Though the final text is often analyzed as an idol polemic, the Israelite strata suggest that Jeroboam is not depicted as constructing idols but rather pilgrimage outposts. This is borne out by the use of bovine iconography to direct ritual movement at other Levantine sites, as well as the broader Near Eastern practice of establishing pilgrimage networks in order to project political authority over multiple settlements, knitting them together into a kingdom. Accordingly, this article argues that the Israelite text depicted Jeroboam creating a pilgrimage network to performatively bring his Israel into being. Participating in this pilgrimage was a performance of Israelite identity. The Judahite redaction disavowed this by othering key aspects of the Israelite material culture depicted in the text. The final text is thus an example of identity politics rather than an idol polemic.","PeriodicalId":222227,"journal":{"name":"Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East","volume":"63 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140704861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Liken God to the (Disabled) Servant 将上帝比作（残疾）仆人
Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2845
Eric Wagner
{"title":"Liken God to the (Disabled) Servant","authors":"Eric Wagner","doi":"10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2845","url":null,"abstract":"When Isaiah 40:18 asks “To whom might you liken God? What likeness might you set up for him?” readers of Isaiah 40-55 encounter potent rhetoric that invites analysis. Recognizing that corporeality is key to the rhetoric of Isaiah 40-55, spatial theory and disabilities studies offer promising hermeneutical approaches to analyze the bodies of Isaiah 40-55. By synthesizing these approaches, this study establishes a mixed-methods approach which it then applies to representations of corporeality in Isaiah 40-55. This mixed-methods analysis reveals an underlying corporeal spatial rhetoric throughout Isaiah 40-55. Characters portrayed with only a single reference to their body tend to remain insignificant. Characters with two or three references to their body typically appear in weak (straw man) arguments. Characters represented with greater corporeal complexity (i.e., more than three body parts) prove to be rhetorically complex figures. Identifying comparable complexity in God’s body and the body of the Servant, the conclusion emerges: liken God to the (disabled) Servant.","PeriodicalId":222227,"journal":{"name":"Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140705902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Patronage, Sectarianism, and Cultural Hegemony 赞助、宗派主义和文化霸权
Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East Pub Date : 2024-04-14 DOI: 10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2844
Emanuel Pfoh
{"title":"Patronage, Sectarianism, and Cultural Hegemony","authors":"Emanuel Pfoh","doi":"10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/aijls.v3i1.2844","url":null,"abstract":"Patronage relationships have been ethnographically found at many locations in the Middle East during the second half of the twentieth century but also detected in ancient Near Eastern sources in more recent times, in every case mostly in connection with political situations. Patronage, however, also operates at the level of mentalities and its expression is equally discovered in worldviews of different cultures. This condition may therefore be observed as well in textualized mental expressions like the Hebrew Bible. In cases exposing sectarianism in the biblical stories, we may assert that patron-client bonds are taken by ancient scribes as the key mode for illustrating domination, subordination and in general an ontological order, transcending socio-politics and impacting also on what we would analytically deem a socio-religious imagination and its ulterior conceptual derivations. This paper seeks to relate clues and examples of patronage and sectarianism in the Hebrew Bible while focussing on their socio-cultural background. These expressions, in the history of the production of the biblical texts, would end up manifesting a particular cultural hegemony of a biblical ontology articulated by patronage dynamics in the southern Levant since the Persian period, but especially in connection with the Hasmonean rise to power, centred in Jerusalem.","PeriodicalId":222227,"journal":{"name":"Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140705638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Visualizing Pentateuchal Composition: A New View of the Creation of Ancient Hebrew Literature 五经创作的可视化：古代希伯来文学创作的新视角
Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.33182/aijls.v2i2.2842
Seth L. Richardson
{"title":"Visualizing Pentateuchal Composition: A New View of the Creation of Ancient Hebrew Literature","authors":"Seth L. Richardson","doi":"10.33182/aijls.v2i2.2842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/aijls.v2i2.2842","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes a gap in scholarship on the Hebrew Bible, and demonstrates a way to address it via a digital humanities project that is at once a research tool and an interactive work of public scholarship. The gap results from the fact, well-known among scholars but still startling to much of the public, that ancient Israel had no Bible as we know it. This is the case for the Persian and Hellenistic period, when, as we know largely from the evidence of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the textual form of many biblical books and the biblical canon as a unit was not yet fixed. But it is also true in a different way for an earlier period in the history of the Pentateuch, before the texts were edited into their current form. With this consensus as a starting point, we present the opportunity to visualize the most widely-agreed on possible sources and layers of the Pentateuch separately, offering a glimpse of texts closer to what people in ancient Israel may have actually had, and let readers experiment with how they may have been combined.","PeriodicalId":222227,"journal":{"name":"Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139211002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Šulgi to Abraham: Encounters with Ur in the First Millennium BCE 从舒尔吉到亚伯拉罕：公元前一千年与乌尔的相遇
Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.33182/aijls.v2i2.2837
Zachary Rubin
{"title":"From Šulgi to Abraham: Encounters with Ur in the First Millennium BCE","authors":"Zachary Rubin","doi":"10.33182/aijls.v2i2.2837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/aijls.v2i2.2837","url":null,"abstract":"Of all the ancient cities that could have served as Abraham’s hometown, why does the Hebrew Bible choose Ur? This article explores how different groups may have interacted with Ur and its legacy circa the exilic and postexilic periods of biblical authorship, to discern the ways different groups in Babylonia engaged with Ur, and how their interactions may have informed their perception of the city. It argues that Babylonian Judeans largely did not have direct access to the city or to the cuneiform artifacts that described its history. Instead, Judeans would have had to rely on information transmitted orally from Babylonians, whose interest in Ur may have been elevated due to the preponderance of artifacts from the Third Dynasty of Ur. As such, this article will evaluate different forms information traveled in the ancient world, and the ways they impacted the direction of cultural memory: through archaeological discoveries, word-of-mouth transmission, and scholarly rationalization.","PeriodicalId":222227,"journal":{"name":"Avar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Life and Society in the Ancient Near East","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139211420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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