{"title":"A simplified extension of X-parameters to describe memory effects for wideband modulated signals","authors":"J. Verspecht, J. Horn, D. Root","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2010.5496334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2010.5496334","url":null,"abstract":"An original way is presented to model memory effects of microwave amplifiers in the case of wideband modulated signals. The model is derived as a limiting case of the more general dynamic X-parameter theory. For a given component, the model is identified from pulsed envelope X-parameter measurements performed with an NVNA. The resulting nonlinear X-parameter model is quantitatively described by a 2-variate kernel function that enables the derivation of an optimal static AM-AM AM-PM characteristic for every possible input envelope probability density function. The model is validated by performing a set of 2-tone experiments. The model can be implemented in the ADS circuit envelope simulator.","PeriodicalId":221794,"journal":{"name":"75th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132625643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multimode TRL technique for de-embedding of differential devices","authors":"M. Wojnowski, V. Issakov, G. Sommer, R. Weigel","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2010.5496326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2010.5496326","url":null,"abstract":"The thru-reflect-line (TRL) is one of the most fundamental and accurate vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration techniques. The multimode TRL calibration method generalizes the standard TRL technique to multimode waveguides. In this paper, the practical use of the multimode TRL calibration technique for de-embedding purposes is discussed. The focus is on the four-port case, since this covers the majority of the practical applications. However, the formulation can be easily extended for networks with higher number of ports. The common de-embedding assumptions such as reciprocity and symmetry are analyzed and their consequences on the multimode TRL algorithm are discussed. It is shown that the reciprocity assumption applied to the embedding networks reduces the requirements on the reflect standard. It is demonstrated that additional assumptions of either identical or symmetrical error networks make it possible to completely resolve the problem related to the reflect standard. Based on the derived formulation, it is shown that the multimode TRL calibration reduces to the traditional TRL de-embedding under reciprocity and symmetry assumptions. The problems of interpretation and re-normalization of the obtained scattering parameters (S-parameters) are also discussed. Finally, the measurement results are presented that verify the multimode TRL approach for de-embedding of four-port differential devices.","PeriodicalId":221794,"journal":{"name":"75th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128772065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Adamson, J. Miall, J. Howes, M. Harper, R. Thompson
{"title":"A new 75–110 GHz primary power standard with reduced thermal mass","authors":"D. Adamson, J. Miall, J. Howes, M. Harper, R. Thompson","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2010.5496337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2010.5496337","url":null,"abstract":"Primary power standards are required to provide traceability for measurements. NPL has recently built a new primary power standard for use in the 75 GHz to 110 GHz band. Compared to NPL's older standard (which has been used for several decades) the new system has a reduced thermal mass and improved thermal isolation. This gives slightly reduced overall uncertainties and an improvement in usability. Improvements in manufacturing technique offer the promise of using a similar design in the 110 GHz to 170 GHz band and work on a calorimeter for this band has begun.","PeriodicalId":221794,"journal":{"name":"75th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129531827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Saini, S. Woodington, J. Lees, J. Benedikt, P. Tasker
{"title":"An intelligence driven active loadpull system","authors":"R. Saini, S. Woodington, J. Lees, J. Benedikt, P. Tasker","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2010.5496327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2010.5496327","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes how the application of the PHD model can add intelligence to an open loop active loadpull system. This intelligence driven approach by providing for an improved prediction of the operating conditions required to emulate a specified load speeds up the load emulation convergence process by minimizing the number of iterations to predict the injected signal, therefore making more efficient use of a measurement system. The results were validated by carrying out loadpull measurements on the fundamental tone of a 10×75um GaAs HEMT, operating at 3 GHz.","PeriodicalId":221794,"journal":{"name":"75th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125384671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel method for direct impedance measurement in microwave and mm-wave bands","authors":"M. Randus, K. Hoffmann","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2010.5496331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2010.5496331","url":null,"abstract":"A novel method for direct impedance measurement using a common vector network analyzer (VNA) is introduced. In commonly used methods impedance or admitance of a device under test (DUT) is derived from measured value of its reflection coefficient causing serious accuracy problems for very high or very low impedances. The proposed method makes possible to measure quantity directly proportional to the value of the impedance or admittance of the DUT. This enables us to accurately measure even impedances that are extremely different from value of the 50Ω reference impedance. The method can also significantly reduce effect of uncertainties of the VNA. A suitable calibration technique is suggested and fully mathematically described. The concept of the new method was verified by software simulation.","PeriodicalId":221794,"journal":{"name":"75th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121556096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Rolain, J. Schoukens, R. Pintelon, L. Delocht, G. Vandersteen
{"title":"A VNA based broadband load-pull for non-parametric 2-port Best Linear Approximation modeling","authors":"Y. Rolain, J. Schoukens, R. Pintelon, L. Delocht, G. Vandersteen","doi":"10.1109/ARFTG.2010.5496335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ARFTG.2010.5496335","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the Best Linear Approximation (BLA) of a full 2-port nonlinear dynamic system is extracted under broadband load-pull conditions. Starting from a series of VNA Measurements and broadband multisine excitations at both ports, the frequency response function, the covariance matrix of the output noise, and the covariance matrix of the output nonlinear distortions are estimated as a function of the frequency. Using well designed periodic excitations signals, these results are obtained with limited user interaction, making the method accessible for practitioner engineers.","PeriodicalId":221794,"journal":{"name":"75th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114890317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}