Synapse最新文献

{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 77, Issue 1","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/syn.22260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.22260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43238118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presynaptic nigral GPR55 receptors stimulate [³ H]-GABA release through [³ H]-cAMP production and PKA activation and promote motor behavior.","authors":"Rodolfo Sánchez-Zavaleta,&nbsp;José Arturo Ávalos-Fuentes,&nbsp;Antonio Valentín González-Hernández,&nbsp;Sergio Recillas-Morales,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Paz-Bermúdez,&nbsp;Gerardo Leyva-Gómez,&nbsp;Hernán Cortés,&nbsp;Benjamín Florán","doi":"10.1002/syn.22246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.22246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Striatal medium-sized spiny neurons express mRNA and protein of GPR55 receptors that stimulate neurotransmitter release; thus, GPR55 could be sent to nigral striatal projections, where it might modulate GABA release and motor behavior. Here, we study the presence of GPR55 receptors at striato-nigral terminals, their modulation of GABA release, their signaling pathway, and their effect on motor activity. By double immunohistochemistry, we found the colocation of GPR55 protein and substance P in the dorsal striatum. In slices of the rat substantia nigra, the GPR55 agonists LPI and O-1602 stimulated [³ H]-GABA release induced by high K⁺ depolarization in a dose-dependent manner. The antagonists CID16020046 and cannabidiol prevented agonist stimulation in a dose-dependent way. The effect of GPR55 on nigral [³ H]-GABA release was prevented by lesion of the striatum with kainic acid, which was accompanied by a decrement of GPR55 protein in nigral synaptosomes, indicating the presynaptic location of receptors. The depletion of internal Ca²⁺ stores with thapsigargin did not prevent the effect of LPI on [³ H]-GABA release, but the remotion or chelation of external calcium did. Blockade of Gi, Gs, PLC, PKC, or dopamine D1 receptor signaling proteins did not prevent the effect of GPR55 on release. However, the activation of GPR55 stimulated [³ H]-cAMP accumulation and PKA activity. Intranigral unilateral injection of LPI induces contralateral turning. This turning was prevented by CID16020046, cannabidiol, and bicuculline but not by SCH 23390. Our data indicate that presynaptic GPR55 receptors stimulate [³ H]-GABA release at striato-nigral terminals through [³ H]-cAMP production and stimulate motor behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":"76 11-12","pages":"e22246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40502391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/syn.22210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.22210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44848666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between abnormal brain oscillations and cognitive performance in patients with bipolar disorder: Molecular mechanisms and clinical evidence.","authors":"Zhou Lu,&nbsp;Huixiao Wang,&nbsp;Jiajie Gu,&nbsp;Feng Gao","doi":"10.1002/syn.22247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.22247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain oscillations have gained great attention in neuroscience during recent decades as functional building blocks of cognitive-sensory processes. Research has shown that oscillations in \"alpha,\" \"beta,\" \"gamma,\" \"delta,\" and \"theta\" frequency windows are highly modified in brain pathology, including in patients with cognitive impairment like bipolar disorder (BD). The study of changes in brain oscillations can provide fundamental knowledge for exploring neurophysiological biomarkers in cognitive impairment. The present article reviews findings from the role and molecular basis of abnormal neural oscillation and synchronization in the symptoms of patients with BD. An overview of the results clearly demonstrates that, in cognitive-sensory processes, resting and evoked/event-related electroencephalogram (EEG) spectra in the delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands are abnormally changed in patients with BD showing psychotic features. Abnormal oscillations have been found to be associated with several neural dysfunctions and abnormalities contributing to BD, including abnormal GABAergic neurotransmission signaling, hippocampal cell discharge, abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis, impaired cadherin and synaptic contact-based cell adhesion processes, extended lateral ventricles, decreased prefrontal cortical gray matter, and decreased hippocampal volume. Mechanistically, impairment in calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 I, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase proteins, genes involved in brain neurogenesis and synaptogenesis like WNT3 and ACTG2, genes involved in the cell adhesion process like CDH12 and DISC1, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling have been reported as the main molecular contributors to the abnormalities in resting-state low-frequency oscillations in BD patients. Findings also showed the association of impaired synaptic connections and disrupted membrane potential with abnormal beta/gamma oscillatory activity in patients with BD. Of note, the synaptic GABA neurotransmitter has been found to be a fundamental requirement for the occurrence of long-distance synchronous gamma oscillations necessary for coordinating the activity of neural networks between various brain regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":"76 11-12","pages":"e22247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40516022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute MPTP treatment decreases dendritic spine density of striatal medium spiny neurons via SNK-SPAR pathway in C57BL/6 mice.","authors":"Yebo Su,&nbsp;Miao Jia,&nbsp;Sifan Yuan,&nbsp;Cong Wang,&nbsp;Jiahui Feng,&nbsp;Yumei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/syn.22249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.22249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a well-known neurodegenerative disorder associated with a high risk in middle-aged and elderly individuals, severely impacting the patient's quality of life. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is frequently used to establish PD in animals. Dendritic spines are dendritic processes that form the foundation of learning and memory. Reportedly, dendritic spine density of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) declines in PD, and this decline has been associated with PD progression; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we used the MPTP animal model to examine whether serum-induced kinase (SNK) and spine-associated Rap guanosine triphosphatase (SPAR) contribute to decreased dendritic spine density in striatal MSNs. MPTP was used to establish the animal model, which exhibits motor function impairment and dopaminergic cell loss. To assess spine density, Golgi staining was performed to count striatal dendritic spines, which were reduced in the MPTP group when compared with those in the normal control group. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze changes in SNK and SPAR expression. MPTP treatment significantly increased the expression of SNK in striatal MSNs, whereas that of SPAR was significantly decreased when compared with the normal control group. These findings offer clues to further explore the mechanism of declining dendritic spine density in patients with PD and provide evidence for potential target identification in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":"76 11-12","pages":"e22249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40637883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain proteins in mediating neuronal signaling and disease.","authors":"Bhagaban Mallik,&nbsp;Sajad Bhat,&nbsp;Vimlesh Kumar","doi":"10.1002/syn.22248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.22248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several proteins contain signaling domains that can regulate the cell membrane dynamics as well as the underlying cytoskeleton. Among these, Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain-containing proteins, with their membrane deforming properties, have emerged as the key players in regulating neuronal morphology and inducing neuronal signaling that can modulate synaptic architecture. While the biochemical and structural basis of membrane deformation by the BAR-domain proteins has been extensively studied, the in vivo contexts in which these proteins function remain to be elucidated. Despite the discovery of BAR-domain proteins over 25 years ago, most of the studies have primarily focused on understanding the structural and biochemical properties and cell biological processes regulated by these proteins. Understanding the functional requirements of these proteins at the level of multicellular organisms and the way these proteins regulate biological processes remains a topic of intensive study. In this review, we discuss the functional roles of BAR-domain proteins in the context of membrane dynamics and cellular signaling. We highlight recent developments describing the functional role of these proteins in neuronal morphogenesis, synaptic function, and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":"76 11-12","pages":"e22248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40532561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/syn.22211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.22211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41949713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cadmium administration on the antioxidant system and neuronal death in the hippocampus of rats","authors":"S. Treviño, Guadalupe Pulido, Estefania Fuentes, Anabella Handal-Silva, A. Moreno-Rodríguez, Berenice Venegas, Gonzalo Flores, J. Guevara, Alfonso Díaz","doi":"10.1002/syn.22242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.22242","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal classified as a carcinogen whose exposure could affect the function of the central nervous system. Studies suggest that Cd modifies neuronal morphology in the hippocampus and affects cognitive tasks. The oxidative stress pathway is proposed as a mechanism of toxicity. However, this mechanism is not precise yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Cd administration on oxidative stress markers in the male rat's hippocampus. Male Wistar rats were divided into (1) control (drinking water) and (2) treatment with Cd (32.5 ppm of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in water). The Cd was administered for 2, 3, and 4 months. The results show that the oral administration of CdCl2 increased the concentration of Cd in plasma and hippocampus, and this response is time‐dependent on its administration. Likewise, it caused an increase in lipid peroxidation and nitrosative stress markers.","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48992992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functions of potassium channels blocked by low micromolar 4‐aminopyridine in the crayfish nervous system","authors":"Nicole Goldfeder, Riley McDonald, Sarah Gaston, Amarri Harrison, Dong-Ho Kim, C. MacIntosh, Mauricio Moel Miranda, Emma Odom, Simmi Nishad, W. Siwik, Liangzhu Zhang, Jen-Wei Lin","doi":"10.1002/syn.22234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.22234","url":null,"abstract":"4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) is a potassium channel blocker that has been used to treat patients with multiple sclerosis and Lambert–Eaton disease. The concentration of this drug in the blood of patients was estimated to be in low or submicromolar range. Animal studies have shown that 4‐AP at such low concentration selectively blocks a subset of channels in Kv1 or Kv3 families. The crayfish opener neuromuscular junction and ventral superficial flexor (VSF) preparations were used to examine functions of K+ channels blocked by low concentrations of 4‐AP. At opener motor axons, intracellular recordings show that 4‐AP could increase action potential (AP) amplitude, duration, and after‐depolarization (ADP) at 10 μM. As 4‐AP concentration was increased, in twofold steps, AP amplitude did not increase further up to 5 mM. AP duration and ADP increased significantly mainly in two concentration ranges, 10–50 μM and 1–5 mM. The effects of 50 μM 4‐AP on the VSF were less consistent than that observed at the opener motor axons. 4‐AP did not change AP amplitude of motor axons recorded with an extracellular electrode and change in AP repolarizing potential was observed in ∼25% of the axons. EPSP recorded simultaneously with AP showed an increase in amplitude with 4‐AP treatment only in 30% of the axon‐EPSP pairs. 4‐AP also increased firing frequencies of ∼50% of axons. In four animals, 4‐AP “awakened” the firing of APs from an axon that was silent before the drug. The mixture of positive and negative 4‐AP effects summarized above was observed in the same VSF preparations in all cases (n = 8). We propose that there is a significant diversity in the density 4‐AP‐sensitive potassium channels among motor axons of the VSF. Functional significance in the differences of 4‐AP sensitivity of the two motor systems is discussed.","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50871907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limited power of dopamine transporter mRNA mapping for predicting dopamine transporter availability.","authors":"Kyoungjune Pak,&nbsp;Seongho Seo,&nbsp;Myung Jun Lee,&nbsp;Hyung-Jun Im,&nbsp;Keunyoung Kim,&nbsp;In Joo Kim","doi":"10.1002/syn.22226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.22226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dopamine transporters (DAT) are transmembrane proteins that translocate dopamine from the extracellular space into presynaptic neurons. We aimed to investigate the predictive power of DAT mRNA for DAT protein expression, measured using positron emission tomography (PET). We performed ¹⁸ F-FP-CIT PET scans in 35 healthy individuals. Binding potentials (BP_ND ) from the ventral striatum, caudate nucleus, putamen, and middle frontal, orbitofrontal, cingulate, parietal, and temporal cortices were measured. DAT gene expression data were obtained from the freely available Allen Human Brain Atlas derived from six healthy donors. The auto-correlation of PET-derived BP_ND s for DAT was intermediate (mean ρ²  = .66) with ρ² ranging from .0811 to 1. However, the auto-correlation of mRNA expression was weak across the probes with a mean ρ² of .09-.23. Cross-correlations between PET-derived BP_ND s and mRNA expression were weak with a mean ρ² ranging from 0 to .22 across the probes. In conclusion, we observed weak associations between DAT mRNA expression and DAT availability in human brains. Therefore, DAT mRNA mapping may have only limited predictive power for DAT availability in humans. However, the difference in distribution of DAT mRNA and DAT protein may influence this limitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":"76 5-6","pages":"e22226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39575984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}