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Was ist Medizin? 药物是什么?
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Synapse Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.4414/SYN.2021.01402
M. Savic
{"title":"Was ist Medizin?","authors":"M. Savic","doi":"10.4414/SYN.2021.01402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4414/SYN.2021.01402","url":null,"abstract":"Die Medizin der Gegenwart ist durch eine Reihe von Tendenzen charakterisiert, die dazu führen, dass sich das traditionelle Verständnis der Medizin als bloßer Heilkunde nicht mehr von selbst versteht. Zu nennen sind hier etwa die oft beklagte Ökonomisierung der Medizin oder der Trend zur »wunscherfüllenden Medizin«. Angesichts dieser Veränderungen gewinnt die theoretische Frage nach dem Wesen der Medizin an praktischer Bedeutung. Der Band „Was ist Medizin?“ beantwortet die Frage aus verschiedenen Perspektiven. Beiträge aus der Geschichte der Medizin informieren über Konstanten und Wandlungen im Verständnis der Medizin. Medizin- und wissenschaftstheoretische Auseinandersetzungen beschäftigen sich mit der Frage, was für eine Art von Wissenschaft die Medizin ist. Dabei gilt ihr Augenmerk u. a. der Spannung zwischen der wissenschaftlichen Forschung und der klinischen Praxis. Außerdem werden aus der Sicht der Ethik die vieldiskutierten Fragen erörtert, ob die Medizin ein inhärentes Ethos aufweist, worin dieses bestehen könnte und ob es einen Beitrag zur Klärung medizinethischer Probleme leisten kann. Schließlich wird anhand von Anwendungsfällen nach den Grenzen der gegenwärtigen Medizin gefragt.","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":" ","pages":"11-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46060617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deckel drauf (I) 德克尔·德鲁夫(I)
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Synapse Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.4414/SYN.2021.01404
Karin Hirschi
{"title":"Deckel drauf (I)","authors":"Karin Hirschi","doi":"10.4414/SYN.2021.01404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4414/SYN.2021.01404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":" ","pages":"14-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48743513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deckel drauf (II) 盖上(二)
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Synapse Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.4414/SYN.2021.01405
R. Bienz
{"title":"Deckel drauf (II)","authors":"R. Bienz","doi":"10.4414/SYN.2021.01405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4414/SYN.2021.01405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":"21 1","pages":"15-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47917168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
«Die Identität der Medizin besteht darin, dass sie nicht nach Rentabilität vorgeht, sondern nach Bedarf» «医学的特性在于他们需要的不是利润,而是希望»
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Synapse Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.4414/SYN.2021.01403
G. Maio
{"title":"«Die Identität der Medizin besteht darin, dass sie nicht nach Rentabilität vorgeht, sondern nach Bedarf»","authors":"G. Maio","doi":"10.4414/SYN.2021.01403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4414/SYN.2021.01403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":"21 1","pages":"12-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46332597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Rahmenbedingungen für eine optimale Medizin sicherstellen – auch in Zukunft 确保能提供最优治疗的环境
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Synapse Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.4414/SYN.2021.01398
C. Quinto
{"title":"Rahmenbedingungen für eine optimale Medizin sicherstellen – auch in Zukunft","authors":"C. Quinto","doi":"10.4414/SYN.2021.01398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4414/SYN.2021.01398","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43455655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TARDOC noch nicht genehmigt – Chance verpasst! TARDOC尚未批准–错失良机！
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Synapse Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.4414/SYN.2021.01401
Urs Stoffel
{"title":"TARDOC noch nicht genehmigt – Chance verpasst!","authors":"Urs Stoffel","doi":"10.4414/SYN.2021.01401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4414/SYN.2021.01401","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":" ","pages":"9-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42758720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kostendämpfungspolitik: Die Schweizer Gesundheitsversorgung im Fokus von Regulierung und Kostendruck 降低成本政策：瑞士医疗保健成为监管和成本压力的焦点
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Synapse Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.4414/SYN.2021.01399
Yvonne Gilli
{"title":"Kostendämpfungspolitik: Die Schweizer Gesundheitsversorgung im Fokus von Regulierung und Kostendruck","authors":"Yvonne Gilli","doi":"10.4414/SYN.2021.01399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4414/SYN.2021.01399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":"21 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42163334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correlation of serum cystatin C with inflammatory cytokines in patients with traumatic brain injury. 外伤性脑损伤患者血清胱抑素C与炎性细胞因子的相关性。
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Synapse Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22201
Jingrong Zou, Haitao Sun, Yang Xiang
{"title":"Correlation of serum cystatin C with inflammatory cytokines in patients with traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Jingrong Zou,&nbsp;Haitao Sun,&nbsp;Yang Xiang","doi":"10.1002/syn.22201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.22201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a world-wide leading health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. Emerging studies have demonstrated that TBI is the consequence of a series of inflammatory responses in the body. The alteration of Cystatin C (Cys C) was reported in a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases and was also recommended as a biomarker for predicting renal diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum Cys C and TBI, and to evaluate the prognostic role of Cys C in TBI prediction. One hundred and seventy-six patients with TBI were recruited and 102 patients were finally analyzed, with 30 healthy control subjects. The concentrations of Cys C were significantly reduced in the healthy control group compared to the TBI group, and correlated with high GCS scores. The levels of hsCRP, counts of white blood cells, and levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were remarkably elevated in the TBI patients compared with the control group in a severity-dependent manner. Moreover, the concentration of Cys C was negatively correlated with TBI severity and positively correlated with inflammatory factors. In conclusion, serum Cys is an inflammatory cytokine-related factor and might indicate the severity of TBI thus serving as a prognostic biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":"75 8","pages":"e22201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/syn.22201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25557211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Issue Information 问题信息
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Synapse Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22169
{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/syn.22169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.22169","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/syn.22169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41798197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prelimbic prefrontal cortical encoding of reward predictive cues. 奖赏预测线索的前边缘前额皮质编码。
IF 2.3 4区 医学
Synapse Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-03 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22202
Mitchell G Spring, Karan R Soni, Daniel S Wheeler, Robert A Wheeler
{"title":"Prelimbic prefrontal cortical encoding of reward predictive cues.","authors":"Mitchell G Spring,&nbsp;Karan R Soni,&nbsp;Daniel S Wheeler,&nbsp;Robert A Wheeler","doi":"10.1002/syn.22202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.22202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animals appoint incentive value and learn to approach otherwise behaviorally inert stimuli if these stimuli come to predict the delivery of reward. Interestingly, this adaptive Pavlovian learning process has been implicated in behavioral control disorders, such as drug addiction. One brain region implicated in directing conditioned approach behavior is the prelimbic region of the prefrontal cortex. The present study employed in vivo electrophysiology in the prelimbic cortex to characterize the distribution of neural responses to the presence of a cue that had acquired incentive value after being associated with a primary reward. Male rats were trained in a Pavlovian autoshaping task in which a lever was presented prior to reward delivery. Following repeated pairings of lever availability and reward delivery, rats pressed the lever even though reward delivery was not contingent on any interaction with the lever. Neurons in the prelimbic cortex selectively encoded the presentation of the reward-predicting lever. Although the response was heterogeneous, most responsive neurons decreased their firing rate in response to the presence of the lever. These findings characterize the varied responses of prelimbic cortical neurons to reward cues and are consistent with evidence that the role of the prelimbic cortex in reward learning depends on the downstream target.</p>","PeriodicalId":22131,"journal":{"name":"Synapse","volume":"75 8","pages":"e22202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/syn.22202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38904380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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