Systematic Entomology最新文献

{"title":"A new fossil family of aculeate wasp sheds light on early evolution of Apoidea (Hymenoptera)","authors":"Brunno B. Rosa,&nbsp;Gabriel A. R. Melo","doi":"10.1111/syen.12584","DOIUrl":"10.1111/syen.12584","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present work, we describe a new fossil family of Apoidea supported by phylogenetic analyses involving both fossil and extant groups. †Burmasphecidae <b>fam.n.</b> is based on †<i>Burmasphex</i> Melo &amp; Rosa, a genus described from Burmese amber. We include in this family the monotypic genus †<i>Decasphex</i> Zheng, Zhang &amp; Rasnitsyn also from Burmese amber. Additionally, we describe two new genera and four new species in †Burmasphecidae <b>fam.n.</b>: †<i>Burmasphex mirabilis</i> <b>sp.n.</b>; †<i>Simplisphex</i> <b>gen.n.</b>, containing <i>S. scutellatus</i> <b>sp.n.</b> and †<i>S</i>. <i>burmensis</i> <b>sp.n.</b>; and †<i>Callisphex robustus</i> <b>gen. et sp.n.</b> In our phylogenetic study, we extended a pre-existing matrix of morphological data and analysed it under parsimony and Bayesian inference. In the Bayesian inference analyses, the morphological dataset was partitioned under a homoplasy criterion. We postulate the first phylogenetic hypotheses for the placement of †Angarosphecidae based on the type species, †<i>Angarosphex myrmicopterus</i> Rasnitsyn, plus a new Burmese amber taxon, †<i>A</i>. <i>alethes</i> <b>sp.n.</b> We demonstrate that †Burmasphecidae <b>fam.n.</b> clearly belongs to Apoidea and has a sister relationship with the other representatives of the superfamily. Our results indicate that †Burmasphecidae <b>fam.n.</b> and †Angarosphecidae are distinct lineages, with the second clearly more derived than the first. We discuss the phylogenetic relationships of these fossil lineages with extant groups of both Apoidea and other Aculeata, and present morphological evidence for the first time supporting the Formicidae + Apoidea clade. Finally, we indicate some considerations about the paleoenvironment and the nature of the Burmese amber biota, suggesting an alternative hypothesis to the island endemism described in previous works.</p>","PeriodicalId":22126,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43251374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic relationships and divergence dating of Mantodea using mitochondrial phylogenomics","authors":"Yue Ma,&nbsp;Le-Ping Zhang,&nbsp;Yi-Jie Lin,&nbsp;Dan-Na Yu,&nbsp;Kenneth B. Storey,&nbsp;Jia-Yong Zhang","doi":"10.1111/syen.12596","DOIUrl":"10.1111/syen.12596","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mantodea is a predatory insect group, its members occupying a diverse array of widely distributed habitats. Praying mantis species utilize hunting strategies including remarkable mimicry and unique camouflage for hiding from natural enemies while catching their prey. The emergence of a “cyclopean ear” in mantises is thought to be a morphological innovation of the group, and an “arms race” with echolocating bats is one of the hypotheses put forward to account for the emergence of the mantis ear from a coevolutionary perspective. However, this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested because of a lack of robust higher-level phylogeny and a detailed chronogram of Mantodea. Previous phylogenetic studies found an incongruence between traditional classification and molecular phylogenetics due to the convergent evolution of various ecomorphic strategies of the lineage. Here, we performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Mantodea based on data from 61 mitogenomes. Our analyses showed that the monophyly of Acanthopidae, Haaniidae, Nanomantidae, Miomantidae and Mantidea was supported. The newly updated Gonypetidae were paraphyletic, whereas Eremiaphilidae, Deroplatyidae and Toxoderidae were polyphyletic. Our molecular dating analyses inferred that Spinomantodea originated at ca. 149 Ma (Late Jurassic), whereas the origin of hearing mantises (Cernomantodea) was inferred as Early Cretaceous (119 Ma, 95% CI: 110–129 Ma). The molecular dating results indicated that the hearing organ in mantises did not arise in response to bat predation. Our study provides a robust framework for further evolutionary comparative studies of mantises.</p>","PeriodicalId":22126,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41520017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phylogenomic perspective on the relationships of subfamilies in the family Geometridae (Lepidoptera)","authors":"Leidys Murillo-Ramos,&nbsp;Victoria Twort,&nbsp;Niklas Wahlberg,&nbsp;Pasi Sihvonen","doi":"10.1111/syen.12594","DOIUrl":"10.1111/syen.12594","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geometrid moths, the second largest radiation of Lepidoptera, have been the target of extensive phylogenetic studies. Those studies have flagged several problems in tree topology that have remained unanswered. We address three of those: (i) deep nodes of Geometridae (subfamilies Sterrhinae + Larentiinae, or Sterrhinae alone as sister to all other subfamilies), (ii) the taxonomic status of subfamily Orthostixinae and (iii) the systematic position of the genus <i>Eumelea</i> (classified in Desmobathrinae: Eumeleini or <i>incertae sedis</i> earlier). We address these questions by using a phylogenomic approach, a novel method on these moths, with up to 1000 protein-coding genes extracted from whole-genome shotgun sequencing data. Our datasets include representatives from all geometrid subfamilies and we analyse the data by using three different tree search strategies: partitioned models, GHOST model and multispecies coalescent analysis. Despite the extensive data, we found incongruences in tree topologies. <i>Eumelea</i> did not associate with Desmobathrinae as suggested earlier, but instead, it was recovered in three different phylogenetic positions, either as sister to Oenochrominae, Geometrinae or as sister to Oenochrominae + Geometrinae. Orthostixinae, represented by its type species, falls within Desmobathrinae. We propose the following taxonomic changes: we raise Eumeleini to subfamily rank as Eumeleinae <b>stat. nov.</b> and we treat Orthostixinae as a junior synonym of Desmobathrinae <b>syn. nov.</b></p>","PeriodicalId":22126,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/syen.12594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46455408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary history of Euteliidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea)","authors":"Reza Zahiri,&nbsp;Jeremy D. Holloway,&nbsp;Jadranka Rota,&nbsp;B. Christian Schmidt,&nbsp;Markku J. Pellinen,&nbsp;Ian J. Kitching,&nbsp;Scott E. Miller,&nbsp;Niklas Wahlberg","doi":"10.1111/syen.12587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12587","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis on the family Euteliidae to clarify deep divergences and elucidate evolutionary relationships at the level of the subfamily, tribe, and genus. Our dataset consists of 6.3 kbp of one mitochondrial and seven nuclear DNA loci and was analysed using model-based phylogenetic methods, that is, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Based on the recovered topology, we recognize two subfamilies, Euteliinae and Stictopterinae, and the tribes Stictopterini and Odontini. We identify apomorphic morphological character states for Euteliidae and its component subfamilies and tribes. Several genera (e.g., <i>Targalla, Paectes, Marathyssa, Eutelia</i>) were found polyphyletic and require taxonomic revision. Two new genera (<i>Niklastelia</i> Zahiri &amp; Holloway <b>gen.nov.</b> and <i>Pellinentelia</i> Holloway &amp; Zahiri <b>gen.nov.</b>) are described and a number of taxonomic changes (new combinations and new synonymies) are established. The Neotropical genus <i>Thyriodes</i>, currently included in Euteliidae, is found to be associated with Erebinae (Erebidae). The divergence time estimate for the split between the Euteliidae and Noctuidae is at 53 Ma, and the Euteliidae subfamilies Euteliinae and Stictopterinae are estimated to have diverged at 42 Ma. In Stictopterinae, the tribes Stictopterini and Odontodini split at 31 Ma, while Euteliinae began diversifying at 34 Ma. Malpighiales are inferred to have been the ancestral larval hostplant order for Euteliidae. The ancestors of Stictopterinae also appear to have been Malpighiales feeders, but then diverged to Malvales specialists (Odontodini) and Malpighiales specialists (Stictopterini) hostplants. Larvae of Stictopterini appear to be restricted primarily to Clusiaceae, apart from a few records from Dipterocarpaceae. In Euteliinae, Anacardiaceae are predominant as larval hosts. Thus, all hosts in the family are lactiferous, possibly providing some degree of pre-adaptation for exploiting Dipterocarpaceae.</p>","PeriodicalId":22126,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/syen.12587","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50131000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining target enrichment and Sanger sequencing data to clarify the systematics of the diverse Neotropical butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)","authors":"Marianne Espeland,&nbsp;Shinichi Nakahara,&nbsp;Thamara Zacca,&nbsp;Eduardo P. Barbosa,&nbsp;Blanca Huertas,&nbsp;Mario A. Marín,&nbsp;Gerardo Lamas,&nbsp;Mohamed Benmesbah,&nbsp;Christian Brévignon,&nbsp;Mirna M. Casagrande,&nbsp;Christer Fåhraeus,&nbsp;Nick Grishin,&nbsp;Akito Y. Kawahara,&nbsp;Olaf H. H. Mielke,&nbsp;Jacqueline Y. Miller,&nbsp;Ichiro Nakamura,&nbsp;Vanessa Navas,&nbsp;Brooke Patrusky,&nbsp;Tomasz W. Pyrcz,&nbsp;Lindsay Richards,&nbsp;Denise Tan,&nbsp;Stephanie Tyler,&nbsp;Ángel Viloria,&nbsp;Andrew D. Warren,&nbsp;Lei Xiao,&nbsp;André V. L. Freitas,&nbsp;Keith R. Willmott","doi":"10.1111/syen.12590","DOIUrl":"10.1111/syen.12590","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The diverse, largely Neotropical subtribe Euptychiina is widely regarded as one of the most taxonomically challenging groups among all butterflies. Over the last two decades, morphological and molecular studies have revealed widespread paraphyly and polyphyly among genera, and a comprehensive, robust phylogenetic hypothesis is needed to build a firm generic classification to support ongoing taxonomic revisions at the species level. Here, we generated a dataset that includes sequences for up to nine nuclear genes and the mitochondrial COI ‘barcode’ for a total of 1280 specimens representing 449 described and undescribed species of Euptychiina and 39 out-groups, resulting in the most complete phylogeny for the subtribe to date. In combination with a recently developed genomic backbone tree, this dataset resulted in a topology with strong support for most branches. We recognize eight major clades that each contain two or more genera, together containing all but seven Euptychiina genera. We provide a summary of the taxonomy, diversity and natural history of each clade, and discuss taxonomic changes implied by the phylogenetic results. We describe nine new genera to accommodate 38 described species: <i>Lazulina</i> Willmott, Nakahara &amp; Espeland, <b>gen.n.</b>, <i>Saurona</i> Huertas &amp; Willmott, <b>gen.n.</b>, <i>Argentaria</i> Huertas &amp; Willmott, <b>gen.n.</b>, <i>Taguaiba</i> Freitas, Zacca &amp; Siewert, <b>gen.n.</b>, <i>Xenovena</i> Marín &amp; Nakahara, <b>gen.n.</b>, <i>Deltaya</i> Willmott, Nakahara &amp; Espeland, <b>gen.n.</b>, <i>Modica</i> Zacca, Casagrande &amp; Willmott, <b>gen.n.</b>, <i>Occulta</i> Nakahara &amp; Willmott, <b>gen.n.</b>, and <i>Trico</i> Nakahara &amp; Espeland, <b>gen.n.</b> We also synonymize <i>Nubila</i> Viloria, Andrade &amp; Henao, 2019 (<b>syn.n.</b>) with <i>Splendeuptychia</i> Forster, 1964, <i>Macrocissia</i> Viloria, Le Crom &amp; Andrade, 2019 (<b>syn.n.</b>) with <i>Satyrotaygetis</i> Forster, 1964, and <i>Rudyphthimoides</i> Viloria, 2022 (<b>syn.n.</b>) with <i>Malaveria</i> Viloria &amp; Benmesbah, 2020. Overall, we revised the generic placement of 79 species (74 new generic combinations and five revised combinations), and as a result all but six described species of Euptychiina are accommodated within 70 named, monophyletic genera. For all newly described genera, we provide illustrations of representative species, drawings of wing venation and male and (where possible) female genitalia, and distribution maps, and summarize the natural history of the genus. For three new monotypic genera, <i>Occulta</i> <b>gen.n.</b>, <i>Trico</i> <b>gen.n.</b> and <i>Xenovena</i> <b>gen.n.</b> we provide a taxonomic revision with a review of the taxonomy of each species and data from examined specimens. We provide a revised synonymic list for Euptychiina containing 460 valid described species, 53 subspecies and 255 synonyms, including several new synonyms and reinstated species.</p>","PeriodicalId":22126,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/syen.12590","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42840224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenomics reveal extensive phylogenetic discordance due to incomplete lineage sorting following the rapid radiation of alpine butterflies (Papilionidae: Parnassius)","authors":"Bo He,&nbsp;Youjie Zhao,&nbsp;Chengyong Su,&nbsp;Gonghua Lin,&nbsp;Yunliang Wang,&nbsp;Luyan Li,&nbsp;Junye Ma,&nbsp;Qun Yang,&nbsp;Jiasheng Hao","doi":"10.1111/syen.12592","DOIUrl":"10.1111/syen.12592","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Under rapid radiation, the earliest components of evolutionary divergence are often difficult to resolve, which were always driven by the characteristics of taxa and the limitations of alternative analytical methods. The origin and radiation of the alpine butterfly <i>Parnassius</i>, a high-altitude mountainous insect group, can be attributed to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Despite detailed phylogenetic analyses of the genus, deep phylogenetic relationships among the major subgenera remain recalcitrant. In this study, 102 individuals from 10 representative <i>Parnassius</i> species were sampled to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among subgenera based on nuclear and mitochondrial genome datasets. Gene-tree/species-tree conflicts were detected by concatenation and multispecies coalescent (MSC) approaches. We recovered a well-supported species tree, despite these conflicts, and detected considerable phylogenetic discordance among genomic regions. The main explanation for the topological discordance among subgenera was extensive incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), whereas introgression events were not prominent. The origin and explosive radiation of <i>Parnassius</i> (i.e., rapid succession of speciation events) in the late Miocene associated with environmental events on the plateau led to short internal branches, thereby increasing ILS and topological conflicts, especially among closely related subgenera. Our results also suggested that MSC approaches (SNP and AFLP Package for Phylogenetic analysis [SNAPP] and SVDquartets) are accurate and superior to the concatenation approach; in particular, SVDquartets can explicitly accommodate gene-tree/species-tree conflicts caused by high ILS and demonstrate strong robustness. Finally, we explored the phylogenomic data by testing multiple sources of phylogenomic conflict to clarify the strengths and limitations of different approaches, while considering phylogenetic signal variation in mitochondrial loci. We anticipate that the phylogeny described here will be the backbone of future evolutionary studies of the genus and will provide insight into phylogenetic discordance due to rapid radiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":22126,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43449722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amplicon capture phylogenomics provides new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of alpine Parnassius butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)","authors":"Xiao Tian,&nbsp;ShiFang Mo,&nbsp;Dan Liang,&nbsp;HouShuai Wang,&nbsp;Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1111/syen.12591","DOIUrl":"10.1111/syen.12591","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The alpine butterfly genus <i>Parnassius</i> is a popular model group for studying biogeography, evolution, conservation biology, and ecology. Despite its scientific importance, a comprehensive and robust phylogeny of this group is still lacking. In this study, we used an amplicon capture strategy to sequence 144 nuclear protein-coding genes and complete mitochondrial genomes for 60 <i>Parnassius</i> specimens covering 42 species and all eight subgenera of <i>Parnassius</i>. Our results strongly support the monophyly of the genus and eight subgenera. The relationships among subgenera are robustly resolved as (<i>Sachaia</i>, (<i>Kreizbergia</i>, (<i>Driopa</i>, (<i>Parnassius</i>, (<i>Tadumia</i>, <i>Lingamius</i>), (<i>Kailasius</i>, <i>Koramius</i>))))), which is different from all previous results. Biogeographic and divergence time analyses indicate that the ancestor of <i>Parnassius</i> originated in an area including the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau (HTP) and Mongolian steppes in the middle Miocene approximately 13.19 Mya. The middle Miocene global cooling event (starting from ~13.9 Mya) probably provided climatic opportunities for the diversification of cold-adapted <i>Parnassius</i>. The ancestral state reconstruction analyses suggest that the ancestor of <i>Parnassius</i> butterflies most likely lived in a medium elevational area (2000–4000 m) and fed on Papaveraceae plants. The host shift from Papaveraceae to Crassulaceae in the subgenus <i>Parnassius</i> increases the species diversity of this subgenus, concurring with the “escape and radiate” hypothesis. Overall, our work provides valuable nuclear gene and mitochondrial genome data and a robust phylogenetic framework of <i>Parnassius</i> for future studies of the taxonomy, evolution, and ecology of this group.</p>","PeriodicalId":22126,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43964259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GBIF falls short of providing a representative picture of the global distribution of insects","authors":"Emilio Garcia-Rosello,&nbsp;Jacinto Gonzalez-Dacosta,&nbsp;Cástor Guisande,&nbsp;Jorge M. Lobo","doi":"10.1111/syen.12589","DOIUrl":"10.1111/syen.12589","url":null,"abstract":"The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is the largest databank on primary biodiversity data. We examined the completeness and geographical biases for all insect data on GBIF to determine its representativeness. Our results demonstrate that GBIF is far from providing a reliable representation about the global distribution of insects. Despite the growing number of records during the last years, few spatial units are well‐surveyed. At coarse resolutions, 34% of the world terrestrial cells lack data and barely 0.5% have completeness values above 90%. Insects are crucial in many ecological functions, and their alarming decline makes it more pressing to have a representative sample to improve our predictive capacity. However, the dynamic nature of species distributions and the strength of anthropogenic forces call for immediate conservation decisions that cannot wait for the empirical data on the identity and distribution of insects.","PeriodicalId":22126,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/syen.12589","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46553659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenomic inference of the higher classification of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)","authors":"George C. Waldren,&nbsp;Emily A. Sadler,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Murray,&nbsp;Silas Bossert,&nbsp;Bryan N. Danforth,&nbsp;James P. Pitts","doi":"10.1111/syen.12588","DOIUrl":"10.1111/syen.12588","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The family Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) is a species-rich group of aculeate wasps that occur worldwide. The higher-level classification of the family has historically been controversial due, in part, to the extreme sexual dimorphism exhibited by these insects and their morphological similarity to other wasp taxa that also have apterous females. Modern hypotheses on the internal higher classification of Mutillidae have been exclusively based on morphology and, further, they include Myrmosinae as a mutillid subfamily. In contrast, several molecular-based family-level studies of Aculeata recovered Myrmosinae as a nonmutillid taxon. To test the validity of these morphology-based classifications and the phylogenetic placement of the controversial taxon Myrmosinae, a phylogenomic study of Mutillidae was conducted using ultraconserved elements (UCEs). All currently recognized subfamilies and tribes of Mutillidae were represented in this study using 140 ingroup taxa. The maximum likelihood criterion (ML) and the maximum parsimony criterion (MP) were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships within the family and related taxa using an aligned data set of 238,764 characters; the topologies of these respective analyses were largely congruent. The modern higher classification of Mutillidae, based on morphology, is largely congruent with the phylogenomic results of this study at the subfamily level, whereas the tribal classification is poorly supported. The subfamily Myrmosinae was recovered as sister to Sapygidae in the ML analysis and sister to Sapygidae + Pompilidae in the MP analysis; it is consequently raised to the family level, Myrmosidae, <b>stat.nov.</b> The two constituent tribes of Myrmosidae are raised to the subfamily level, Kudakrumiinae, <b>stat.nov.</b>, and Myrmosinae, <b>stat.nov.</b> All four recognized tribes of Mutillinae were found to be non-monophyletic; three additional mutilline clades were recovered in addition to Ctenotillini, Mutillini, Smicromyrmini, and Trogaspidiini sensu stricto. Three new tribes are erected for members of these clades: Pristomutillini Waldren, <b>trib.nov.</b>, Psammothermini Waldren, <b>trib.nov.</b>, and Zeugomutillini Waldren, <b>trib.nov.</b> All three recognized tribes of Sphaeropthalminae were found to be non-monophyletic; six additional sphaeropthalmine clades were recovered in addition to Dasymutillini, Pseudomethocini, and Sphaeropthalmini sensu stricto. The subtribe Ephutina of Mutillinae: Mutillini was found to be polyphyletic, with the <i>Ephuta</i> genus-group recovered within Sphaeropthalminae and the <i>Odontomutilla</i> genus-group recovered as sister to Myrmillinae + Mutillinae. Consequently, the subtribe Ephutina is transferred from Mutillinae: Mutillini and is raised to a tribe within Sphaeropthalminae, Ephutini, <b>stat.nov.</b> Further, the taxon Odontomutillinae, <b>stat.nov.</b>, is raised from a synonym of Ephutina to the subfamily level. The sphaeropthalmine tribe Pseudomethocini was","PeriodicalId":22126,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43644293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeny of the flea beetles (Galerucinae: Alticini) and the position of Aulacothorax elucidated through anchored phylogenomics (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticini)","authors":"Hume B. Douglas,&nbsp;Alexander S. Konstantinov,&nbsp;Adam J. Brunke,&nbsp;Alexey G. Moseyko,&nbsp;Julie T. Chapados,&nbsp;Jackson Eyres,&nbsp;Robin Richter,&nbsp;Karine Savard,&nbsp;Elizabeth Sears,&nbsp;Kaniyarikkal D. Prathapan,&nbsp;Yongying Ruan,&nbsp;Jeremy R. Dettman","doi":"10.1111/syen.12582","DOIUrl":"10.1111/syen.12582","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Alticini comprise 601 genera and 10,000 species, including plant pests. Their phylogeny remains largely unresolved, inhibiting taxonomic stability, specimen identification and biological understanding. Here, we generated a genomic dataset using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) for 54 genera of Alticini, 16 of Galerucini, and 40 of other Chrysomelidae to test the monophyly of Alticini, and its genus groups, and to examine the utility of established diagnostic characters. Maximum likelihood and coalescent phylogenetic analyses produced resolved and overall congruent topologies. Synetinae was sister to Cassidinae + Eumolpinae + Lamprosomatinae + Cryptocephalinae, supporting its recognition as valid. Within Galerucinae, <i>Aulacothorax</i> Boheman was found as sister to Galerucini + Alticini (each monophyletic). Tribe Serraticollini White <b>stat. rev.</b> is reinstated as valid, as the oldest available name for the higher lineage containing <i>Aulacothorax</i>. We extend Crowson's classification, with Alticini, Galerucini, and Serraticollini united under Galerucinae. We transfer genera <i>Chalaenosoma</i> Jacoby, <i>Demarchus</i> Jacoby, and <i>Mandarella</i> Duvivier from Alticini to Galerucini <i>incertae sedis</i>, and confirm prior transfers of <i>Hespera</i> Weise, <i>Luperomorpha</i> Weise and <i>Nonarthra</i> Baly from Alticini to Galerucini <i>incertae sedis</i>. Galerucini and Alticini are reciprocally monophyletic following these transfers. Our work recovered multiple evolutionary origins of jumping hind legs in Galerucinae, hindering straightforward morphological diagnosis of tribes. We provide diagnoses for Alticini, Galerucini and Galerucinae, but these require dissection of female genitalia. We achieved some phylogenetic resolution within Alticini, but found few adult morphological characters to define subclades. Our results indicate that with future denser taxon sampling, AHE phylogenomics could provide a robust basis for subtribal classifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":22126,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/syen.12582","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45425606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}