Surgical infections最新文献

{"title":"Association Between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Wen Sun, Zheye Chen, Yi Luo","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.172","DOIUrl":"10.1089/sur.2024.172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> To assess the link between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), and overall mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> Electronic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was done for observational studies with the data on the association of SII and outcomes, such as MACE, and CIN in adult (≥18 y) patients with AMI. A random-effects model was used, and the pooled effect sizes were expressed as relative risk (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analysis was conducted on the basis of the type of AMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction), sample size (≥500 and <500), and study design. GRADE assessment was used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The analysis included 23 studies. Most studies were conducted in China (n = 13), followed by Turkey (n = 10). Majority of the studies (n = 20) had a retrospective cohort design. Patients with high SII had increased risk of MACE (RR 2.95, 95% CI: 1.25, 6.99; n = 5, I² = 97.5%), overall mortality (RR 2.59, 95% CI: 1.64, 4.07; n = 6, I² = 58.0%), and CIN (RR 4.58, 95% CI: 3.44, 6.10; n = 4, I² = 0.0%), compared with patients with lower SII. Egger's test detected publication bias for MACE (p = 0.047) and overall mortality (p = 0.012) but not for CIN. These associations remained valid in subgroup analysis. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Findings suggest that higher SII in patients with AMI is associated with increased risks of MACE, CIN, and overall mortality. This underscores SII's potential as a prognostic marker in AMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":"183-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Identification of OXA Carbapenemase-Encoding Genes in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Isolated from Patients in Critical Care in Egypt.","authors":"Nahla Y Sahlol, Nermin M K Mohamed, Khaled Z El-Baghdady, Iman M A El-Kholy, Gihan M Fahmy, Mai A Sahbal, Hagar L Mowafy","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.210","DOIUrl":"10.1089/sur.2024.210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The emergence of carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (CRAB) in hospitals, particularly within critical care units, has garnered substantial global concern. CRAB commonly arises from the degradation by various ß-lactamases. <b><i>Objective</i></b>: We aimed to assess OXA-type carbapenemases in clinical isolates of <i>A. baumannii</i> obtained from an Egyptian tertiary care facility. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> This study examined 25 distinct <i>A. baumannii</i> strains collected from various clinical samples of patients in intensive care unit. Bacterial identification was conducted utilizing both traditional methods and the Vitek2 system. Antibiotic resistance profiles were assessed according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing standards using the Vitek2 Compact automated system. Additionally, multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the presence of blaOXA23, blaOXA24, blaOXA51, and blaOXA58 carbapenemase genes. Colistin susceptibility was assessed utilizing the broth microdilution method. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Carbapenem resistance was identified in 100% of the studied isolates. The blaOXA51 gene was detected in all <i>A. baumannii</i> strains. The gene blaOXA23 was identified in 22 strains (88%), whereas blaOXA24 and blaOXA58 were present in 15 strains (60%). All isolates, except one, co-harbored two or more OXA encoding genes. Colistin resistance was detected in 4 of 25 strains (16%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings demonstrate the widespread distribution of CRAB isolates that co-harbor multiple carbapenemase-encoding genes. Molecular epidemiological studies and the surveillance of antibiotic resistance profiles may aid in identifying and tracing the origins of resistant bacteria, thereby limiting their spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":"158-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Letter to the Editor:</i> Mesentery Lymphangioma with Infection in Children.","authors":"Ying Si, Yongmao Huang","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.295","DOIUrl":"10.1089/sur.2024.295","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":"206-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143011932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Antibiotic Management for Adult Patients Presenting with Acute Perforated Appendicitis: A Quality Improvement Study.","authors":"Carlos Gallego-Navarro, Jason Beckermann, Maria E Linnaus, Hayden J Swartz, Shelby Stewart, Justin M York, Ryan R Gassner, Christopher A Kasal, Annaliese G Seidel, Corey J Wachter, Kirstin J Kooda, Jennifer R Rich, Mark D Sawyer","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.179","DOIUrl":"10.1089/sur.2024.179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common surgically treated diseases, and perforation is a complication that increases morbidity and mortality. At our institution, providers frequently prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics for patients with appendicitis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a subset analysis of patients with perforated appendicitis in a multisite quality improvement project to decrease broad-spectrum antibiotic utilization for AA. Surgeons and emergency department providers were educated on antibiotic therapy for AAs. Electronic medical record (EMR) orders were optimized to encourage ceftriaxone plus metronidazole preoperatively and discourage piperacillin/tazobactam. <b><i>Results:</i></b> During the study periods, a total of 116 patients had perforated appendicitis and underwent laparoscopic appendectomy, 45 in the 6-month pre-protocol group (pre-AB) and 71 in the 6-month post-protocol group (post-AB). The groups were similar regarding baseline demographics, vital signs, and hematological workup. Preoperative piperacillin/tazobactam utilization rates were 62.2% in the pre-AB group and 25.4% in the post-AB group (p < 0.0001), and the utilization rates of ceftriaxone plus metronidazole were 8.9% and 53.5%, respectively. Thirty-day readmission rates were similar: 15.6% in the pre-AB group versus 5.6% in the post-AB group (p = 0.104). Surgical site infections (SSIs) were comparable among groups: superficial SSI 0.0% versus 2.8% (p = 0.521), deep SSI 4.4% versus 0.0% (p = 0.148), and organ space SSI 17.8% versus 8.5% (p = 0.152). No patient had a <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection postoperatively. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Education regarding antibiotic therapy and optimization of orders in the EMR can decrease the utilization of broad-spectrum antibiotics for acute perforated appendicitis without increasing SSIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":"26 3","pages":"143-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mendelian Randomization Study of the Connection Between Exogenous Hormones and Perianal Abscess in Pediatric Patients.","authors":"Hai Zhou, Chunli Bao, Yao Li, Guoyong Wang, Wei Zhou, Chunbao Guo","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.229","DOIUrl":"10.1089/sur.2024.229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Recent years have witnessed the hypothesis that bioavailable testosterone (BT) might be closely related to the development of inflammatory diseases, especially anal abscess (AA), a common inflammatory ailment with unclear pathogenesis. Given that AA is more prevalent among males, this study investigates the causal relationship between BT and AA. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To explore the causal link between BT and AA, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using large-scale genomic data. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Utilizing genomic data from the UK Biobank and IEU OpenGWAS databases, a two-sample MR analysis was executed. Twenty-six genetic variants strongly associated with BT were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) to assess their link with AA risk. Various MR methods were employed for consistency checks, including sensitivity analyses for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Using a combination of MR methods, we identified a significant causal relationship between BT and the risk of AA. Specifically, the MR analysis revealed that higher levels of BT were associated with an increased risk of AA. Sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity tests and assessments for horizontal pleiotropy, confirmed the robustness of these findings. The IVs used in the analysis demonstrated a strong association with BT and showed no evidence of significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy, indicating the validity of the causal inference. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study, employing two-sample MR for the first time, confirms a causal relationship between BT levels and the risk of AA. These findings provide preliminary evidence of the causal relationship between BT and AA and may offer new insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of AA and future therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":"150-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond CDC-Defined Surgical Site Infection: Factors Associated with Antibiotic Prescription After Breast Operation.","authors":"Corey K Gentle, Moustafa Moussally, Jenny H Chang, Hanna Hong, Kelly Walker, Kelly Nimylowycz, Sayf Al-Deen Said, Zahraa Al-Hilli","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.145","DOIUrl":"10.1089/sur.2024.145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Most studies on surgical site infections (SSIs) use the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, which excludes inflammation or cellulitis without fever. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic prescription trends in the post-operative period among patients undergoing breast operation. We explore the outcomes of patients receiving antibiotic agents outside of the CDC-defined SSI. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> A retrospective review of patients undergoing breast operation from January 2021 to May 2021 was conducted. Solely reconstructive and cosmetic cases were excluded. The primary outcome was the prevalence of antibiotic prescription in the absence of CDC-defined SSI, excluding routine prophylactic antibiotic agents, with analysis of associated factors. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 754 breast surgical procedures were included. Seventy-seven patients (10.2%) were prescribed outpatient antibiotic agents. CDC-defined SSI occurred in 5.3% (n = 40), mostly involving tissue expander/implant-based reconstruction (47.5%, n = 19). However, 37 (4.9%) did not progress to meet the CDC criteria for SSI. Patients prescribed outpatient antibiotic agents without CDC-defined SSI did not have increased rates of diabetes mellitus, obesity, or current smoking. These patients were more likely to have a surgical drain (48.6% vs. 28.4%, p = 0.02), plastic surgery involvement (32.4% vs. 18.0%, p = 0.048), and a post-operative seroma (32.4% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.001) and or or cellulitis (18.9% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Patients are prescribed antibiotic agents after breast operation based on clinical judgment for indications other than CDC-defined SSI. Post-operative wound morbidity including seroma and cellulitis could be contributing to these antibiotic prescriptions. Further study is needed to determine whether providers are preemptively treating SSIs appropriately or over-treating non-infectious wound complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":"129-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Predictive Value of Heparin-Binding Protein in Total Joint Arthroplasty Prosthesis Infections.","authors":"Dongsheng Guo, Dahui Shen, Yuefu Dong","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.122","DOIUrl":"10.1089/sur.2024.122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aims to explore the predictive value of heparin-binding protein (HBP) in diagnosing prosthesis infections after total joint arthroplasty (TJA), in order to provide a new biomarker for early identification and management of prosthetic joint infections (PJI) post-TJA. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A retrospective analysis of data from 168 patients who underwent TJA revision at Lianyungang First People's Hospital from October 2020 to March 2024 was conducted. The participants were divided into an infection group (38 cases) and a non-infection group (94 cases). Inclusion criteria included all patients undergoing joint prosthesis revision who had preoperative HBP levels measured. Primary assessment parameters included HBP, C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC) count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to evaluate the correlation of these factors with PJI, and the performance of HBP in predicting PJI was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were significant statistical differences in HBP, CRP, WBC, and ESR between the infection and non-infection groups (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that HBP is an independent predictive factor for the risk of PJI. The area under the ROC curve was 0.856, indicating that HBP has good predictive performance. The optimal cutoff value for HBP was 51.3, with a sensitivity of 69.2% and a specificity of 89.5%. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The study found that HBP levels are significantly associated with the occurrence of PJI following TJA, serving as an effective independent predictive factor for PJI risk. HBP has high predictive value and can be considered an important biomarker for predicting PJI post-TJA in clinical settings, aiding in the early identification and management of PJI, thereby improving patient treatment outcomes and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for the Identification of Surgical Site Infection in Electronic Health Records.","authors":"Arjun Chakraborty, Kevin Lybarger, Jorge A Olivas Estebane, Judy Y Chen, Mahul Patel, Vikas O'Reilly-Shah, Peter Tarczy-Hornoch, Meliha Yetisgen, Dustin R Long","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2024.266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Surgical site infection (SSI) affects 160,000-300,000 patients per year in the United States, adversely impacting a wide range of patient- and health-system outcomes. Surveillance programs for SSI are essential to quality improvement and public health systems. However, the scope of SSI surveillance is currently limited by the resource-intensive nature of these activities, which are largely based on manual chart review. Recent advances in natural language processing and machine learning could potentially augment the scope and quality of routine SSI surveillance. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> Electronic health records (EHRs) for 28,864 surgical procedures (representing 25% of all surgical cases) linked to either National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) data from Harborview Medical Center or National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data from the University of Washington Montlake Medical Center were included. Cases comprised five different surgical procedure types performed between 2010 and 2020 (general surgery, gynecological surgery, spine surgery, non-spine orthopedic surgery, and non-spine neurological surgery). Using all clinical notes and structured data elements, we trained random forest and neural network models to identify SSI cases. We conducted experiments to evaluate the impact of clinical notes on the task of retrospective SSI identification and to study domain adaptation across different procedure types and registries. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The best performing model utilized a neural network with input derived from both structured data and unstructured text notes, trained on all surgery types (F1 score: NHSN 0.77, NSQIP 0.58; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: NHSN 0.98, NSQIP 0.92; recall: NHSN 0.85, NSQIP 0.61). Jointly training one model on all domains (both registries, all surgery types) yielded better performance than training procedure- or registry-specific models. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Automated systems for retrospective identification of SSI in EHRs have the potential to improve the efficiency and reliability of chart reviews for national surveillance and quality improvement programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Therapeutic Approaches: Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections and the Choice Between Vancomycin + Clindamycin and Linezolid.","authors":"Joanna Nixon, Sara E Parli, Jacqueline M Bishop, Katie B Olney, Jeremy VanHoose, Alexandra Wiegand, Dina Ali, Courtney Bradley, Zachary D Warriner, Abigail Leonhard, Aric Schadler, William J Olney","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2024.281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are life threatening, requiring antibiotic agents and surgical intervention. Clindamycin or linezolid is recommended as an adjunct therapy for toxin mediation; however, limited data are comparing clindamycin-based to linezolid-based regimens in NSTI. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This single-center retrospective study included adults with NSTI admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at the University of Kentucky HealthCare for surgical debridement between January 2017 and June 2023. Patients were excluded if they received antibiotic agents for <24 hours, underwent surgical debridement at an outside hospital, or were readmitted within the study period. The primary outcome was the number of debridements before source control. Secondary outcomes included time to source control, acute kidney injury (AKI) rates, ICU length of stay, and antibiotic duration. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 242 patients were included with 199 receiving clindamycin and 43 receiving linezolid. There was no difference observed in the number of surgical debridements between the clindamycin and linezolid cohorts ([2.0 (2, 4) vs. 3.0 (2, 4)]; p = 0.219). The multi-variable regression identified independent parameters that predicted a significant increase in number of debridements included sequential organ failure assessment score (1.03 [1.003, 1.047]; p = 0.028), culture(s) positive for <i>Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus</i>, or <i>Streptococcus intermedius</i> (1.309 [1.042, 1.629]; p = 0.018), and <i>Bacteroides</i> spp. (1.301 [1.048, 1.602]; p = 0.015). No differences were observed in AKI ([53.8% vs. 60.8%], p = 0.424), ICU stay ([5.3 vs. 6.1 d]; p = 0.399), or antibiotic duration between vancomycin, clindamycin, and linezolid ([5.6 vs. 5.6 vs. 6.7 d]; p = 0.683), respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Linezolid resulted in a similar number of surgical debridements compared with clindamycin in NSTI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors of Post-Craniotomy Surgical Site Infection: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Entisar M Alotaibi, Tala Abedalqader, Abderrahman Ouban, Abdulaziz Barakat, Atef M Shibl","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2024.177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Although surgical site infection following craniotomy (SSI-CRAN) is uncommon, it is a significant complication of surgical procedures. In addition, it imposes a considerable disease burden on patients and healthcare systems regarding morbidity, mortality, and economic costs. Despite that, the risk factors for its development are unknown. Therefore, identifying the risk factors for SSI-CRAN enables the determination and implementation of preventative measures to lower the infection rate. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective cohort research was conducted on patients who underwent craniotomy operation for any indication from January 01, 2011 to December 31, 2020 in the neuroscience center at King Fahad Medical City (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) to determine risk factors for SSIs. Many patient-related and procedure-related factors were tested as possible risk factors for craniotomy SSI. <b><i>Results:</i></b> This 9-year retrospective study found an overall SSI-CRAN rate of 3.02%. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant causative pathogen (75.35%). Cerebrospinal fluid leak (odds ratio [OR]: 18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.50-34.0), seizure (OR: 30.50, 95% CI: 16.3-57.2), history of hypertension (OR: 14.9, 95% CI: 8.2-27.1), bronchial asthma (OR: 3.80, 95% CI: 1.5-9.5), and history of epilepsy (OR: 7.20, 95% CI: 3.0-17.40) were associated with an increased risk of post-operative SSIs in the multivariable regression analysis model. No significant associations with gender, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, body mass index, use of pre- or post-operative antibiotic agents, duration of surgical procedure, number of operations, length of stay, or risk index have been found. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The risk parameters and causal agents for SSI-CRAN found in this study should be considered when developing preventative strategies to reduce this devastating complication's incidence. Identifying risk factors for SSI should aid in improving patient treatment and declining mortality, morbidity, and the economic burden associated with healthcare costs. Post-operative surveillance is also critical for identifying reliable risk parameters for SSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}