Surgical infections最新文献

{"title":"Outcomes of Early and Late Muscle Flap Salvage of Complicated Lower Extremity Vascular Grafts.","authors":"Mariam Saad, Andrew James, Helen Ismail, Mae Wimbiscus, Ziad Al Adas, William C Lineaweaver","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2024.186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Muscle flaps are commonly used to protect high-risk vascular grafts in the lower extremities. This study aimed to identify differences between early and late salvage procedures. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients undergoing lower extremity vascular reconstruction with muscle flap coverage at a tertiary medical center from 2017 to 2023 were identified. Data included demographics, procedure details, and complications. The study compared early (placed at index or ≤7 d after vascular surgical procedure) versus delayed (>7 d) flap inset. Primary outcomes included rates of infection, hematoma, seroma, necrosis, wound dehiscence, flap failure, and patency of the vascular repair. Secondary outcomes included culture results from the surgical site. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighty-one patients met inclusion criteria. Early flaps were inset in 53% of cases, and 47% were delayed. Sartorius flaps were most common (53%), followed by gracilis flaps (37%). The indication for flap coverage significantly varied between immediate and delayed flaps (p = 0.004), with immediate more commonly placed for tissue coverage (37%) and delayed inset to address infection (68%). Flap survival (86.1% vs. 76.3%, p = 0.261) and graft patency (74.4% vs. 68.4%, p = 0.55) were similar between groups. Rates of infection, seroma, hematoma, and wound dehiscence did not differ significantly. Regression analysis did not find associated factors with complication incidence. <i>Enterobacter</i> infections were more common in the delayed group (15.8% vs. 2.3%, p = 0.031). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study showed no difference in outcomes between immediate and delayed muscle flaps placed over vascular grafts. Delayed procedures show a greater prevalence of certain bacteria in delayed flaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience with Infections Caused by <i>Tissierella praeacuta</i>: An Emerging Anaerobic Surgical Pathogen.","authors":"Hugo J R Bonatti, Sridhar Gona, Aaron George","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2024.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> <i>Tissierella praeacuta</i> (TP), previously known as <i>Clostridium hastiforme</i>, is a rare and potentially underreported pathogen. TP may cause a variety of infections, including the potential as an important pathogen of intra-abdominal infections (IAIs). Still little data on this anaerobic gram-positive rod are available. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> The institutional database was searched for TP infections during a 4-year period. Isolation and identification of the pathogen were done according to standard guidelines, including those for anaerobic culture. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 21 patients, including 11 males and 10 females, with a median age of 63.8 (range 35.8-90) years with infections because of TP (24 isolates) were identified. There were eight IAIs, 12 soft tissue infections, and 1 pleural empyema; two patients had bacteremia. In 19 cases, microscopy was done revealing white blood cells in 79%, gram-positive cocci in 53%, gram-negative rods in 47%, and gram-positive rods in 32%. Final cultures grew TP monoculture in 38%; in 62%, TP was part of a mixed flora. Twenty-four co-pathogens were identified, including gram-positive cocci (13), gram-negative rods (9), and gram-positive rods (2). Treatment consisted of antibiotic agents, including beta-lactams, clindamycin, or metronidazole, and surgery or interventional drainage for the majority of cases. Outcomes were generally favorable with 19 of the 21 patients surviving. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This is a first large series of infections because of the emerging pathogen TP from a rural area. TP mainly causes purulent infections requiring surgical intervention. The series emphasizes the importance of anaerobic cultures in surgical specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Management of Pseudomeningocele Combined with Intracranial Infections Following Neurosurgical Operation.","authors":"Wei-Long Ding, Jing Wang, Jun-Bao Yang, Shi-Jie Guo, Xiang-Yu Wang","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2024.289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Pseudomeningocele is a common post-operative complication after a neurosurgical operation. Infection combined with pseudomeningocele can induce substantial morbidity. We presented a series of cases with pseudomeningocele combined with intracranial infection following neurosurgical operation focusing on operative technique and long-term clinical outcome. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the novel surgical technique in tackling the intractable post-operative complication. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A retrospective analysis of patients with pseudomeningocele and intracranial infection following neurosurgical operations between 2012 and 2024 was performed. Standard statistical methods helped explore the associations between parameters requiring reoperation. The authors described surgical techniques and treatment strategies for pseudomeningocele combined with intracranial infection after a neurosurgical operation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 58 patients, 17 (29.3%) presented with post-operative pseudomeningocele, which was refractory to conservative treatment along with intracranial infection requiring surgical management. Pseudomeningocele requiring reoperation was much more likely in patients with craniectomy and those with craniotomy (41.9% vs. 14.8%, p = 0.024). Moreover, pseudomeningocele was more likely in patients without watertight closures than with (52.2% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.002). The post-operative image indicated no recurrence in these patients who underwent reoperation. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The novel operative technique could successfully treat pseudomeningocele combined with intracranial infection refractory after a neurosurgical operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Recurrent Episodes of Suspected Pneumonia.","authors":"Tateum L Mattingly, Jordan Baker, Isuru Ratnayake, Jacob C O'Dell, Robel T Beyene, Christopher M Watson, Robert G Sawyer, Steven Q Simpson, Leanne Atchison, Michael Derickson, Lindsey C Cooper, G Patton Pennington, Sheri VandenBerg, Bachar N Halimeh, Christopher A Guidry","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2024.287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Pneumonia remains the most common intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infection with patients often suffering multiple episodes. The diagnosis remains difficult as many non-infectious causes can masquerade as pneumonia. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for potential recurrent pneumonia from a recent randomized trial. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a retrospective analysis of the recent Trial of Antibiotic Restraint in Presumed Pneumonia (TARPP), which was a multicenter trial of antibiotic initiation strategies. Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes were reviewed. Standard uni-variable statistical analysis was performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> TARPP enrolled 186 patients with 47 patients (25.3%) having at least one additional episode of suspected pneumonia. Patients with recurrent episodes of suspected pneumonia were more likely to identify as Hispanic or Latino or to speak Spanish as their primary language. Patients with recurrent suspected episodes had longer ICU length of stay, total days of antibiotic agents, and longer ventilator days. Patients with recurrent episodes had a greater overall of culture positivity, but no difference in the rate of infection because of non-fermenting gram-negatives. Patients with recurrent episodes had lower mortality rates overall compared with those with a single infectious episode. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This retrospective analysis suggests that ethnicity and language barriers may be associated with recurrent suspected pneumonia. Although greater rate of culture positivity was associated potential recurrence, the lower mortality rates in this group suggest a survivorship bias. More work is needed to evaluate the risks for recurrent pneumonia in the ICU.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competing Interests: Vancomycin Use in Trauma Patients is Similar During Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Nasal Swab Based De-Escalation and Universal Mupirocin Decolonization Protocols.","authors":"Elizabeth D Krebs, Shayan Rakhit, Jennifer R Beavers, Leanne Atchison, Robel T Beyene","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2024.280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Protocols for vancomycin de-escalation often rely on nasal swab testing for methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA). However, in settings of hospital-wide universal MRSA decolonization with nasal mupirocin, these swabs may be unreliable, hindering de-escalation protocols. This study investigated vancomycin use and MRSA infection in trauma patients managed under each of these separate protocols. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective review compared patients admitted to a Level 1 trauma center during a time-period of MRSA swab-based vancomycin de-escalation (\"de-esc\") with those admitted during a subsequent period of universal decolonization (and thus \"no de-esc\"). The primary outcome was total days of vancomycin per patient receiving vancomycin. Additional outcomes included a proportion of patients receiving a short course of vancomycin (<3 d), overall vancomycin rates, and in-hospital MRSA infections. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 5,678 patients were evaluated, with 2,891 admitted during the \"de-esc\" period and 2,787 admitted during universal decolonization (\"no de-esc\"). There was no difference in the proportion of patients receiving vancomycin during the \"de-esc\" versus \"no de-esc\" protocols (7.2% [n = 208] vs. 6.5% [n = 181], p = 0.3). Among these patients, there was also no difference in either total days of vancomycin (5.3 d vs. 5.9 d, p = 0.3) or proportion receiving a short vancomycin course (33% vs. 29%, p = 0.5). There were 56 total patients with MRSA infections, with no difference between the two time periods (1.1% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.07). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Despite concerns that a hospital-wide MRSA universal decolonization policy would hinder nasal swab-based vancomycin de-escalation, both vancomycin use and MRSA infection rates remained the same during the two time periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Prospective Validation of a Novel Risk Score for Predicting the Risk of Poor Surgical Site Healing in Patients Following Surgical Procedure for Spinal Tuberculosis: A Multi-Center Cohort Study.","authors":"Jinglian Wen, Qing Ye, Haiyi Wu, Yi Zhang, Sisi Ai, Run Li, Qian Xu, Qin Zhou, Yingjie Fu, Guoxuan Peng, Wei Tang","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.255","DOIUrl":"10.1089/sur.2024.255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The risk of poor surgical site healing in patients with spinal tuberculosis due to <i>M. tuberculosis</i> infection is known to be higher than in other surgical patients. Early identification and diagnosis are critical if we are to reduce the disability and mortality associated with spinal tuberculosis. We aimed to develop and validate a novel predictive score for predicting the risk of poor surgical site healing in patients following surgical procedure for spinal tuberculosis. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with spinal tuberculosis who were hospitalized in the orthopedic ward of four regional medical centers in Guizhou Province between January 2015 and October 2022. Univariate and LASSO analysis was used to identify risk factors, construct and evaluate predictive models and novel predictive score for poor surgical site healing following the surgical procedure. Subsequently, 110 patients, admitted to four regional medical centers in Guizhou Province between January 2023 and February 2024, were used as an external prospective validation cohort to test the predictive efficacy of the prediction model. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Seven predictors were identified as risk factors for poor surgical site healing in patients undergoing surgical procedure for spinal tuberculosis. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for a risk prediction model constructed based on the significant risk factors were 0.753 (95% CI: 0.693-0.813) and 0.779 (95% CI: 0.696-0.863) for the training and validation sets, respectively. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model yielded good clinical benefit. Finally, we applied the newly developed poor surgical site healing risk assessment score for the external prospective validation set; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the poor surgical site healing risk assessment score was 0.846 (95% CI: 0.769-0.923) demonstrated that the model yielded better predictive effectiveness. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The novel poor surgical site healing risk assessment score exhibits good discriminatory power and represents a beneficial predictive tool for facilitating suitable postoperative clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":"164-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143011937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Povidone-Iodine Versus Saline Irrigation on Reduction of Surgical Site Infections in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective, Propensity-Matched Cohort.","authors":"Samantha J Simon, Andrew R Grant, Hannah I Travers, Eric L Smith, Brian L Hollenbeck","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.250","DOIUrl":"10.1089/sur.2024.250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Surgical site infection (SSI) after total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) is a major complication leading to morbidity and mortality. Perioperative irrigation, frequently with antiseptic compounds including povidone-iodine (PI), is the standard of care in reducing SSI. Evidence supporting the value of PI versus nonantiseptic substances varies. This study aims to identify whether PI irrigation in THA/TKA reduces the rate of SSI versus normal saline irrigation. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> A retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study of patients who underwent TKA or THA was conducted using data from patient charts, hospital infection control surveillance software, and operative reports. SSI rates of patients who had received PI versus saline irrigation were compared. Patient medical status, demographics, and procedure details were considered for propensity score determination and matching. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The study encompassed 21,482 patients. The unadjusted univariate analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference in SSI rate between PI and saline (p = 0.759). Multivariate analysis showed that men, patients with diabetes, and those with a 2-3 h procedure time had increased risk of SSI, but differences were not observed between irrigation groups. Propensity score matching yielded 21 (0.25%) SSI in the matched PI group and 19 (0.23%) in the saline group (odds ratio: 1.10; confidence interval: 0.59-2.06). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This investigation proposes that PI irrigation is not significantly different to saline in reducing SSI in this population. When cost is of concern, saline irrigation is equally effective and therefore a sensible option.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143011943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Letter to the Editor:</i> Retroperitoneal Paraganglioma with Infection.","authors":"Bo Sun, Jiaqi Deng, Rong Kuang, Jing Zhou","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.292","DOIUrl":"10.1089/sur.2024.292","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":"204-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143011947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient and Health Professional's Perspectives of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Ethnography.","authors":"Toby O Smith, Hugh Gorick, Susanne Arnold, Phil Hopgood","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.253","DOIUrl":"10.1089/sur.2024.253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a major challenge for surgical teams and patients following an orthopedic surgical procedure. There is limited understanding on patient and health professional's perception of PJI. The aim of this study was to examine the literature to better understand the perspectives of patients, and those who manage PJI. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Published and unpublished literature databases were systematically searched from inception to June 21, 2024. Qualitative studies reporting the perspectives of living with and managing PJI were included. Data were synthesized using a meta-ethnography approach and the GRADE-CERQual tool. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 584 citations identified, 10 studies (n = 91 patients; n = 70 health professionals) met the eligibility criteria and were included. Three themes, all moderate-certainty evidence, were identified from the health professional data, including the following: (1) importance of PJI; (2) impact on health professionals; and (3) support for change. From the patient data, six themes on the basis of moderate-certainty evidence were identified: (1) psychological and social impact; (2) physical impacts; (3) relationship with health professionals; (4) relationship with others; (5) uncertainty over the future; and (6) support for change. A novel line of argument was developed offering third-order constructs, on the basis of first- and second-order themes. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> PJIs are perceived as devastating by both patients and health professionals. They impact on all aspects of a patient's physical, social and psychological health, each interacting on one another over the course of infection and management. Strategies to improve communication, multidisciplinary management, and personalization of care are advocated by both patients and health professionals to promote better outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":"195-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effects of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H37Rv and <i>Brucella ovis</i> Infiltration on Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukin-1 Beta Expression in Osteoblasts.","authors":"Le Fei, Minyu Li, Jiandang Shi, Zhangui Gu, Zongqiang Yang, Yu Li","doi":"10.1089/sur.2024.221","DOIUrl":"10.1089/sur.2024.221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aims to compare the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in osteoblasts infiltrated with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H37Rv (H37Rv) and <i>Brucella ovis</i> to understand the differential bone destruction in spinal tuberculosis (STB) versus <i>Brucella</i> spondylitis (BS). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Primary osteoblasts were isolated and cultured from the cranial bones of 2-5 days old mice and characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining (ARS). H37Rv and <i>B. ovis</i> were cultured to the logarithmic phase, and transfection solutions were prepared. Osteoblasts were infiltrated with these bacteria at various multiplicities of infection (MOI) and time points. Cell survival post-infiltration was assessed using CCK-8 to determine optimal infection conditions. Osteoblasts were divided into three groups: the H37Rv group (infiltrated with optimal MOI H37Rv), the <i>B. ovis</i> group (infiltrated with optimal MOI <i>B. ovis</i>), and a negative control group. TNF-α and IL-1β expression in the cytoplasm was observed using immunohistochemical staining, whereas their levels in cell supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. Differences between groups were compared with using one-way analysis of variance and t-tests, with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Both H37Rv and <i>B. ovis</i> infiltrated osteoblasts, substantially increasing TNF-α and IL-1β expression. The H37Rv group showed substantially higher levels of TNF-α and IL-1β compared with the <i>B. ovis</i> group (p < 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Infiltration of osteoblasts with H37Rv and <i>B. ovis</i> substantially increases TNF-α and IL-1β expression, with higher levels observed in H37Rv-infected osteoblasts. This overexpression may contribute to the more severe vertebral bone destruction seen in STB compared with BS.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":"26 3","pages":"175-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}