Kathryn B Whitlock, Christopher E Pope, Paul Hodor, David L Limbrick, Patrick J McDonald, Jason S Hauptman, Lucas R Hoffman, Tamara D Simon
{"title":"Infection of Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage Devices.","authors":"Kathryn B Whitlock, Christopher E Pope, Paul Hodor, David L Limbrick, Patrick J McDonald, Jason S Hauptman, Lucas R Hoffman, Tamara D Simon","doi":"10.1177/10962964251385387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10962964251385387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Ventricular reservoir infections and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infections are diagnosed when bacteria are recovered from microbiological cultures of CSF samples from these devices. We applied high throughput sequencing (HTS) to understand the course of changes in ventricular reservoir and shunt infection microbiota. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Evaluate the utility of monitoring microbiota in CSF (1) from ventricular reservoirs to detect development of an infection and (2) during treatment of CSF shunt infections to assess treatment response. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Study populations included (1) neonates with temporizing ventricular reservoirs who developed reservoir infection and (2) children undergoing treatment for conventional culture-confirmed CSF shunt infection. The V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Comparison of taxonomic results of HTS with standard microbiological culture results (when available) was described for each CSF sample. A robust HTS signal was defined by a microbial load of ≥1e5 microbial genome equivalents/mL. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In none of the five ventricular reservoir infection cases was there a robust HTS signal for the responsible bacteria immediately prior to infection. In six of the seven CSF shunt infection cases, there was a robust HTS signal for the genus of the responsible bacteria in the sample at the time of positive CSF culture. The proportion of sequences from the genus associated with the responsible bacteria decreased during infection treatment. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These pilot data suggest limited utility in using HTS for surveillance for ventricular reservoir infections, as they emerge abruptly. In CSF shunt infection, HTS demonstrates a return to heterogeneous microbiota when bacterial cultures become negative.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145239630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tara S Ladsavong, Benjamin R Brewer, Kelli A Rumbaugh
{"title":"Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns and Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Critically Ill Surgical Patients with Intra-Abdominal Infections.","authors":"Tara S Ladsavong, Benjamin R Brewer, Kelli A Rumbaugh","doi":"10.1177/10962964251383707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10962964251383707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Guidelines for the treatment of intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) recommend a variety of potential antimicrobial regimens; however, there is a lack of real-world data documenting prescribing practices and incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A single-center, retrospective study from June 1, 2021 to April 30, 2023, was conducted to evaluate patients with an IAI admitted to the surgical intensive care unit. Patients were categorized into four groups based on the primary gram-negative antibiotic initially prescribed for IAI treatment: piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, levofloxacin, and meropenem. The primary outcome was antibiotic prescribing practices for IAI. Regression analyses were conducted to evaluate risk factors for MDRO, duration of antibiotics, and mortality. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 334 patients were included. Most patients received piperacillin-tazobactam (n = 227, 68%), followed by cefepime (n = 122, 36.5%), meropenem (n = 73, 21.9%), and levofloxacin (n = 61, 18.3%). There were 301 patients prescribed vancomycin for a median of 4 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 3-7). The median antibiotic duration was 8 days (IQR: 5-12). Variables associated with prolonged antibiotics were infectious disease consult (p < 0.001), multiple intra-abdominal procedures (p = 0.006), and exposure to more than one gram-negative antibiotic (p = 0.004). Predictors of MDRO were longer durations of antibiotics (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.07) and meropenem exposure (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.12-3.98). Older age (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1-1.08, p = 0.007) and septic shock (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.3-6.1, p = 0.003) were risk factors for mortality. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic for treatment of IAI in critically ill surgical patients. Prolonged durations of broad-spectrum antibiotics should be avoided due to the risk of developing an MDRO infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145239322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Álvaro A B Ferraz, Géssica P Vasconcelos, Deborah F Henriques, Cássio F M Vianna, Marina O Menezes, Fernando Santa Cruz
{"title":"Impact of Prior Dengue or Chikungunya Infection on Bariatric Surgery Outcomes: An Observational Prospective Study.","authors":"Álvaro A B Ferraz, Géssica P Vasconcelos, Deborah F Henriques, Cássio F M Vianna, Marina O Menezes, Fernando Santa Cruz","doi":"10.1177/10962964251382709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10962964251382709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The chronic inflammatory state associated with obesity, when coupled with microcirculatory alterations caused by dengue virus (DENV) or chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections, may be associated with adverse events in this population, including cellular aging, accelerated atherosclerosis, and metabolic dysfunction. <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> This study aimed to explore whether prior DENV or CHIKV infection is associated with differences in bariatric operation outcomes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This prospective study took place from February 2020 to November 2021 at a specialized center in Brazil. Data were analyzed during July 2024. It included bariatric operation candidates with reactive IgG serology for DENV or CHIKV, indicating previous infection without active disease. Patients were followed to determine the impact of these arboviruses on the post-operative follow-up of bariatric surgical procedure. Over a 36-month follow-up period after operation, weight loss and metabolic and biochemical profiles of these patients were assessed, comparing them to a comparison group with no history of infection (non-reactive IgG serology). Patients were categorized into four groups: non-reactive IgG (Group 1, n = 37), DENV_IgG+ (Group 2, n = 135), CHIKV_IgG+ (Group 3, n = 22), and IgG+ for both DENV and CHIKV (Group 4, n = 20). <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 172 patients were included, with a majority being female (75.3%) and an average age ranging from 36.3 years to 41.1 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) across groups ranged from 38.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup> to 39.4 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, with no significant differences. The prevalence of reactive IgG for DENV was 78.4%, and for CHIKV, it was 12.7%, with an overlap of 11.6% between groups. No significant differences were observed in post-operative BMI or glycemic profile. However, mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was substantially greater in groups 3 (103.6 vs. 129.5 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and 4 (103.6 vs. 128.7 mg/dL, p < 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Previous DENV or CHIKV infection was not associated with differences in the outcomes of bariatric operation after a 36-month follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Swab, Aspirate, or Biopsy? A Retrospective Comparison of Microbial Yield and Concordance in Suspected Pyogenic Infections.","authors":"Apoorva Sharma, Rushika Saksena","doi":"10.1177/10962964251381238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10962964251381238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Early and accurate diagnosis of pyogenic infections is essential to guide treatment and prevent complications like bacteremia, endocarditis, and death. Debate and controversy continue regarding the optimal specimen for microbiological diagnosis of pyogenic infections in emergency settings. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate concordance in the microbial yields obtained from the three techniques of sampling, i.e., pus swab, pus aspirate, and tissue biopsy. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A total of 363 paired samples (swab and aspirate, swab and biopsy, aspirate and biopsy) from the same patient and site of infection received over one year were analyzed, retrospectively. Microbial yields, mixed bacterial growth, and contamination rates were compared among the three sample types. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Tissue biopsies consistently provided the highest microbiological yield, outperforming both swabs (54.2% vs. 34.6%) and aspirates (43.8% vs. 38.5%). This difference in the diagnostic yield for paired tissue biopsy and swab samples was statistically significant (p value = 0.0038). Swabs exhibited high false negative rates (23.4%). The highest concordance was observed between tissue biopsy and aspirate (73.9%), indicating better reliability of these samples over swabs, which are superficial in nature. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Tissue biopsies demonstrate the highest diagnostic yield for pyogenic infections, reinforcing their role as the gold standard. Pus aspirates offer a reliable alternative for less invasive sampling, while swabs are limited by their high false negative rates and inability to differentiate between colonizers and pathogens. In conclusion, employing appropriate sampling techniques based on the infection site can significantly enhance diagnostic precision and optimize patient care in emergency settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher McLaughlin, Lewis J Kaplan, Isidro Martinez-Casas, Shahin Mohseni, Matteo Cimino, Hayato Kurihara, Matthew J Lee, Gary Alan Bass
{"title":"Initial Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction Management Pathway Drives Infectious Complication Occurrence.","authors":"Christopher McLaughlin, Lewis J Kaplan, Isidro Martinez-Casas, Shahin Mohseni, Matteo Cimino, Hayato Kurihara, Matthew J Lee, Gary Alan Bass","doi":"10.1177/10962964251380382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10962964251380382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The Bologna guideline outlines three small bowel obstruction (SBO) management pathways. It remains unclear how pathway selection influences post-operative infections. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A multi-national, prospective, observational, audit of SBO management (November 1, 2023-May 31, 2024) captured demographics, care, and outcomes. Patients were grouped by pathway (successful non-operative management [NOM], NOM followed by surgery [NOM-T], direct to surgery [DTS]). Intergroup comparisons by chi-square or Fisher exact test, significance for p < 0.05. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 1,737 patients were assessed across 21 countries (850 NOM, 379 NOM-T, 508 DTS). Operative cohorts demonstrated similar age (NOM-T 65.2 ± 17.3 vs. DTS 65.5 ± 18.4 y; p = 0.834) and gender (NOM-T 53.6% vs. DTS, 52% female; p = 0.688). Comorbidities were more frequent in patients undergoing NOM-T (77.8%) versus DTS (69.7%; p < 0.001). DTS demonstrated more intestinal ischemia (NOM-T 22.8% vs. DTS 33%; p = 0.002). Time to OR was longer in NOM-T (43.8 ± 30.6 vs. DTS 12.4 ± 15.2 h; p < 0.001). Hospital length of stay (LOS) (NOM-T 12.4 ± 15.2 vs. DTS 7.7 ± 8.0 d; p < 0.001) and LOS (NOM-T 10.1 ± 10.4 vs. DTS 6.6 ± 9.1 d; p < 0.001) were longer in NOM-T. Superficial wound dehiscence (3.9%) and fascial dehiscence (2.6%) were uncommon. Overall surgical site infection (SSI) incidence was similar (NOM-T 8.7% vs. DTS 7.7%; p = 0.578). Deep SSI overall frequency was low (3.9%) but increased in NOM-T (5.5%) versus DTS (2.8%, p = 0.035). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> An NOM trial before operation for adhesive SBO seems to increase deep SSI risk and likely reflects time to OR as well as hospital and surgeon factors-elements that merit specific evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaona Xu, Jue Ma, Juanxiu Lv, Li Gao, Yan Bi, Yanlin Wang
{"title":"Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and Seasonal Factors on Surgical Site Infection Rates Following Cesarean Section: A Retrospective Study Based on Time Series Analysis.","authors":"Xiaona Xu, Jue Ma, Juanxiu Lv, Li Gao, Yan Bi, Yanlin Wang","doi":"10.1177/10962964251376955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10962964251376955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common after cesarean deliveries, with few studies exploring their correlation with seasonal changes and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and seasonal factors on the rate of SSIs following cesarean delivery. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted to investigate trends in SSI rates following cesarean sections at the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital from January 2017 to September 2024. The study included women who underwent cesarean sections with at least 30 days of post-operative follow-up and met the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's SSI diagnostic criteria. Cases were categorized into pre-pandemic (n = 109), pandemic (n = 87), and post-pandemic normalization groups (n = 88). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, and chi-squared tests using SPSS 25.0, whereas time series analysis used a Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model in Python 3.12, with significance set at p < 0.05. <b><i>Results:</i></b> (1) The SSI rate increased from 0.4884% in the pre-pandemic period to 0.5007% during the pandemic, reaching 0.7747% in the post-pandemic period, indicating a rising trend across the three time frames, with the post-pandemic period showing the highest rate. (2) Monthly analysis revealed seasonal fluctuations, with greater SSI rates in summer and at year's end, whereas spring exhibited relatively lower rates. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> After the transition to normalized COVID-19 management, the incidence of SSIs following cesarean deliveries substantially increased, displaying a clear seasonal pattern with greater rates in humid summer months and colder months at the year's end.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janesh Karnati, Sruthi Ranganathan, Xu Tao, Aydin Kaghazchi, Ahmed Ashraf, Andrew Wu, Sachin Shankar, Mikayla Wallace, Joseph Cheng, Owoicho Adogwa
{"title":"Post-Operative Infection Following Multi-Level Posterior Lumbar Spinal Instrumentation in the Vancomycin Powder Era.","authors":"Janesh Karnati, Sruthi Ranganathan, Xu Tao, Aydin Kaghazchi, Ahmed Ashraf, Andrew Wu, Sachin Shankar, Mikayla Wallace, Joseph Cheng, Owoicho Adogwa","doi":"10.1177/10962964251376954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10962964251376954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Since the early 2010s, prophylactic vancomycin powder has been widely adopted in spine surgery, with many surgeons crediting it for low surgical site infection (SSI) rates (1%-2%). However, its efficacy remains debated. <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To compare post-operative SSI and related complications in multi-level posterior lumbar spinal surgery before and after the widespread use of vancomycin powder. <b><i>Design:</i></b> Retrospective study using the TriNetX Research Network. <b><i>Patient Sample:</i></b> Adult patients undergoing posterior spinal instrumentation (≥3 levels) for lumbar stenosis or spondylolisthesis. <b><i>Outcome Measures:</i></b> Primary: Composite rate of post-operative infections (superficial/deep incisional SSI, organ/space SSI, sepsis). Secondary: Incidence of incision and drainage (I&D) for SSIs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients were divided into two cohorts: 2003-2013 (pre-vancomycin era) and 2014-2023 (vancomycin era). Propensity matching was controlled for age, gender, race, and comorbidities. Post-operative infections requiring I&D within 90 days were identified using procedural and diagnostic codes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 33,320 patients (mean age: 63.6 y; 43.3% male), 28,649 (86.0%) underwent surgery in 2014-2023 and 4,671 (14.0%) in 2003-2013. After propensity matching (4,668 patients per cohort), the 2014-2023 group had significantly lower odds of requiring I&D (odds ratio [OR] = 0.337) and developing post-operative infections (OR = 0.606). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This large-scale, propensity-matched analysis suggests that the likelihood of post-operative infections or requiring I&D following multi-level posterior lumbar spinal instrumentation is approximately 40%-60% lower in the vancomycin era compared with the pre-vancomycin period.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Alchaer, Ricardo Fonseca, Leonardo Diaz, Marco Henriquez, Amin Deghdan, Fabiana Sanchez, Melissa Canas, Jennifer L McCarthy, Grant Bochicchio, Jason Snyder
{"title":"Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Trauma Patients with Splenic Injuries: Does Splenectomy Increase the Risk?","authors":"Michael Alchaer, Ricardo Fonseca, Leonardo Diaz, Marco Henriquez, Amin Deghdan, Fabiana Sanchez, Melissa Canas, Jennifer L McCarthy, Grant Bochicchio, Jason Snyder","doi":"10.1177/10962964251380366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10962964251380366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> The impact of splenectomy on immune function and infection risk in trauma patients remains debated. Severely ill trauma patients are known to have a high risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). We hypothesize that trauma patients undergoing splenectomy do not have a higher incidence of VAP compared with those managed with splenic preservation. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> We conducted a retrospective review of trauma registry data for patients admitted with splenic injuries from 2017 to 2023. Exclusions included patients who died within 48 h, had an Injury Severity Score (ISS) <25, or required <3 ventilator days. Only patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed splenic injuries were included. The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma splenic injury scale was used to grade injury severity. VAP was defined per the 2024 National Trauma Data Standard by the American College of Surgeons. We collected data on ISS, Abbreviated Injury Scale for chest, abdomen-pelvis, and head, demographics, hospital, ICU length of stay, ventilator days, mechanism of injury, microbiology, vaccination status, and splenic injury grade. Patients were stratified into splenectomy and splenic preservation groups, which included embolization, splenorrhaphy, or observation. VAP incidence was compared across groups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 140 patients, 64 (46%) underwent splenectomy, and 76 (54%) had splenic preservation. Uni-variable analysis showed higher VAP rates in the splenic preservation group (32.9% vs. 18.8%), but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.059). Multi-variable regression confirmed that longer ventilator days increased VAP risk (OR: 1.13, p < 0.001). Splenectomy itself was not associated with a higher VAP incidence (OR: 0.42, p = 0.054). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In this study, splenectomy was not substantially associated with VAP, whereas prolonged ventilator duration remained the strongest predictor. Larger studies are needed to clarify whether splenectomy influences pneumonia risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<i>Letter:</i> Did Not See that Coming: Sexual History before Steroid Therapy in Ocular Syphilis.","authors":"Pathya Kunthy, Hugo Bonatti, John Roach","doi":"10.1177/10962964251381243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10962964251381243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22109,"journal":{"name":"Surgical infections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}