Surface Science最新文献

{"title":"Surface science studies on electron-induced reactions of NH3 and their perspectives for enhancing nanofabrication processes","authors":"Hannah Boeckers ,&nbsp;Markus Rohdenburg ,&nbsp;Petra Swiderek","doi":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia (NH₃) dissociates efficiently when it interacts with an electron beam. This applies not only to single electron-NH₃ collisions in the gas phase but also to electron irradiation of NH₃ adsorbed on surfaces. The dissociation products include atomic hydrogen which can act as a reducing agent or NH₂ radicals that can bind to suitable surfaces or to adsorbed molecules. This chemistry can be exploited in nanofabrication processes that use electron beams for deposition, etching, or modification of materials. This review describes the current state of insight regarding electron-induced reactions of NH₃ adsorbed on surfaces and outlines approaches to the use of these reactions for enhancing electron beam induced nanofabrication processes. First, an overview of surface science studies on electron-induced reactions of NH₃ adsorbed on single crystal surfaces is given. This is followed by a summary of studies on the use of NH₃ for improving the purity of deposits prepared by electron beam induced deposition (EBID) and on the prospects of NH₃ to suppress unwanted thermal surface chemistry during EBID. Finally, we discuss electron-induced reactions of NH₃ that are fundamental to the modification of carbonaceous nanomaterials as well as potential application scenarios such as the functionalization of self-assembled monolayers and humidity sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22100,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science","volume":"751 ","pages":"Article 122628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical surface science: Self-assembly of Porphyrin molecules at single crystal metal electrodes","authors":"Tomasz Kosmala ,&nbsp;Phan Thanh Hai ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Minh Hai ,&nbsp;Klaus Wandelt","doi":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A detailed understanding of properties and processes at surfaces and interfaces requires at least two types of most basic information, <em>chemical composition and –distribution</em> as well as <em>structure.</em> While surface science in ultrahigh vacuum is blessed with a plethora of high sensitivity and highest spatial and temporal resolution due to the free accessibility of the surfaces by any kind of probe beams, investigations of solid surfaces under ambient conditions, i.e. in contact with gases or liquids, were for a long time restricted to the use of integral photon-based reflection-, absorption-, emission-, and diffraction methods. This “methodological gap” between UHV surface science and environmental interface research became immediately, at least partially, closed after the realization of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and following variants of proximity probes (SPM). The full applicability of this class of methods also under ambient conditions opened the door to structure information of solid-liquid interfaces of comparable resolution as in UHV at room temperature, a “quantum leap” for the understanding of e.g. interfacial electrochemistry. This, in turn, highlighted the need of reliable determination of the chemical composition and distribution at solid-liquid interfaces and pushed the development of in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).</div><div>The availability of both techniques, in situ SPM and in situ XPS closes the former methodological gap between the research in UHV and under ambient conditions. In particular, interfacial electrochemistry, being primarily interested in chemical processes at electrode/electrolyte interfaces benefits decisively of this development.</div><div>In this article, as an example, we present systematic in situ STM measurements and results on the interactions and self-assembly of porphyrins at anion modified metal/electrolyte interfaces, an important class of molecules for the functionalization of surfaces for various applications. Atomically and sub-molecularly resolved potentiostatic and potentiodynamic in situ STM images of such molecular layers are nowadays standard and wait for an in-depth theoretical analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22100,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science","volume":"751 ","pages":"Article 122626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The surface chemical bond of a nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon: Acepleiadylene versus pyrene","authors":"Lukas Ruppenthal ,&nbsp;Zilin Ruan ,&nbsp;Jakob Schramm ,&nbsp;Pengcai Liu ,&nbsp;Florian Münster ,&nbsp;Tim Naumann ,&nbsp;Leonard Neuhaus ,&nbsp;Jan Herritsch ,&nbsp;Xing-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ye Wang ,&nbsp;Bernd Meyer ,&nbsp;Ralf Tonner-Zech ,&nbsp;J. Michael Gottfried","doi":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Defects play a critical role in the performance of carbon-based (opto-)electronic materials, because the materials’ interaction with metal electrodes can strongly depend on the topology of the π-electron system. However, the direct investigation of defects is difficult due to their typically low density. To address this issue, we use a molecular model system comparing the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene with its isomer acepleiadylene regarding their interaction with a Cu(111) surface. Acepleiadylene serves as a model defect with a nonbenzenoid nonalternant topology, while pyrene represents an ideal benzenoid alternant structure. We find that acepleiadylene forms a stronger bond to the metal surface than pyrene. This is evidenced by a higher molecule-surface bond energy, significant adsorption-induced changes in electronic structure (studied via photoelectron and X-ray absorption spectroscopies), and a potentially lower adsorption height (according to non-contact atomic force microscopy). The stronger bond of acepleiadylene is linked to its smaller gap between the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied orbitals (HOMO-LUMO gap), bringing the LUMO closer to the metal's Fermi energy and resulting in stronger hybridization with the metal's electronic states. Density functional theory calculations support our findings, suggesting that nonbenzenoid, nonalternant structural elements can enhance the bonding between graphene-based materials and metal electrodes. Additionally, these results highlight the potential of nonbenzenoid molecular organic semiconductors as alternatives to their benzenoid counterparts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22100,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science","volume":"753 ","pages":"Article 122625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the surface compositions of supported bimetallic PtSn clusters: Effects of cluster-support interactions and surface adsorbates","authors":"Fangliang Li ,&nbsp;Ali S. Ahsen ,&nbsp;Salai C. Ammal ,&nbsp;Mengxiong Qiao ,&nbsp;Thathsara D. Maddumapatabandi ,&nbsp;Sumit Beniwal ,&nbsp;Andreas Heyden ,&nbsp;Donna A. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PtSn bimetallic clusters on TiO₂(110) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces have been characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy, low energy ion scattering (LEIS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption (TPD); density functional theory (DFT) calculations have also been performed to better understand adsorption of CO and D₂ on the PtSn surfaces. On TiO₂ at coverages of 2 ML of Pt and 2 ML of Sn, exclusively bimetallic clusters are formed for both orders of deposition because clusters of the first metal completely cover the surface such that all atoms of the second metal are incorporated into the existing clusters. In contrast, on HOPG, the high mobility and weak cluster-support interactions on HOPG result in much larger 2 ML monometallic clusters (∼30 Å high) that do not completely cover the surface, and deposition of the second metal produces larger clusters as well as smaller ones. Despite the difference in cluster morphologies for the different orders of deposition and supports, the LEIS experiments demonstrate that in all cases, the PtSn clusters are rich in Sn at the surface, as expected based on the lower surface free energy for Sn compared to Pt. Furthermore, the +0.2 eV shift in the Sn(3d_5/2) binding energy observed on all surfaces in the presence of Pt is consistent with PtSn alloy formation. Deposition of 2 ML of Sn on TiO₂ produces two-dimensional clusters with oxidation of Sn and reduction of titania at the cluster-support interface, but addition of Pt to the Sn clusters causes Sn to diffuse away from this interface, leaving Sn in the metallic state. TPD experiments on 2 ML Pt/TiO₂ with increasing coverages of Sn show that the number of adsorption sites for D₂ sharply decreases to nearly zero at 0.5 ML, while CO adsorption decreases to zero only at much higher Sn coverages of 2 ML. DFT studies for Sn modified Pt surfaces and bulk structures demonstrate that for CO adsorption at low Sn coverages (≤0.25 ML), the strong Pt-CO interactions induce diffusion of Pt to the cluster surface and the formation of a bulk Pt₃Sn alloy, whereas D₂ adsorption does not lead to interactions with the Pt surface that are strong enough to induce alloy formation. A single Sn adatom prevents D₂ adsorption on four neighboring Pt atoms via site-blocking and the donation of electron density to Pt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22100,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science","volume":"751 ","pages":"Article 122623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alloying effects on the reactivity of Pd are ensemble dominated","authors":"Michael Bowker","doi":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper the geometric (“ensemble”) and electronic (“ligand”) effects of alloying on surface reactivity and catalysis are considered. The effect of alloying on the behaviour of Pd, both in single crystal form, and as a nanoparticulate catalyst is discussed. The first case concerns Pd alloyed with Cu, and here the reactivity with formic acid and ethanol is modified by the presence of Cu. However, both Cu and Pd maintain their elemental integrity for the reactions, and it is shown that the main alloying effect is one of dilution of Pd atoms, rather than by global electronic factors such as d-band shifting and filling. Similarly, when Pd is alloyed with Au, then the adsorption characteristics (sticking probability and uptake) for CO, O₂, ethene and acetaldehyde are dominated by changes in the surface arrangement of the two atoms. Au mainly acts as an adsorption blocker, but to different degrees depending upon the nature of the adsorbing molecule and its demand for particular ensemble sizes. Finally, nanoparticulate Pd is considered, and the effect of alloying on high pressure methanol synthesis from CO₂ and H₂ is outlined. Pd on its own is not very selective, instead it mainly produces CO and methane. However, by supporting on oxides such as ZnO, Ga₂O₃ and In₂O₃ and by reducing in hydrogen, the Pd forms alloys, which then results in high selectivity to methanol. Again, this is ascribed to the dilution of the Pd ensembles at the surface, which are the cause of methane production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22100,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science","volume":"751 ","pages":"Article 122620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing phase sensitive detection and Fourier analysis of modulation excitation spectroscopy data exemplified by Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy","authors":"Ulrike Küst ,&nbsp;Julia Prumbs ,&nbsp;Calley Eads ,&nbsp;Weijia Wang ,&nbsp;Virginia Boix ,&nbsp;Alexander Klyushin ,&nbsp;Mattia Scardamaglia ,&nbsp;Robert Temperton ,&nbsp;Andrey Shavorskiy ,&nbsp;Jan Knudsen","doi":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic processes in catalysis are gaining increased attention and could very well be one of the next frontiers in surface science. One way to study such processes is to induce chemical changes on the surface for example by periodically adjusting the (electro)chemical potential in situ and identify the resulting spectral changes. Often this is referred to as Modulation Excitation Spectroscopy (MES). Using Ambient Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy data, we here discuss and compare the analysis of MES data using both Phase Sensitive Detection (PSD) and Fourier analysis. We discuss that PSD determines the component magnitude at a user-defined phase value while Fourier analysis provides the maximum oscillation amplitude and respective phase value of oscillating spectral features. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of the different analysis schemes and explore how the full time-evolution can be obtained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22100,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science","volume":"751 ","pages":"Article 122612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The surface chemistry of cuprous oxide","authors":"Tianhao Hu ,&nbsp;Burcu Karagoz ,&nbsp;Fang Xu ,&nbsp;Ashley R. Head ,&nbsp;Jonas Weissenrieder ,&nbsp;Dario Stacchiola","doi":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chemical and electronic properties of copper combined with its large natural abundance lend this material to impact a wide range of technological applications, including heterogeneous catalysis. The reactivity of copper in its Cu¹⁺oxidation state makes this specific configuration relevant in various chemical reactions, but the facile redox properties of copper make the isolation of individual states for fundamental studies difficult. Here we review three Cu₂O model systems used to study the interaction of Cu¹⁺ with small molecules making use of surface science techniques: Cu₂O/Cu(111), thin polycrystalline Cu₂O films on Cu foil, and bulk Cu₂O crystals. Advantages and disadvantages of each system are discussed and exemplified through case studies of chemical adsorption and reactivity studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22100,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science","volume":"751 ","pages":"Article 122622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO oxidation on IrO2(110) surfaces","authors":"Connor Pope ,&nbsp;Jungwon Yun ,&nbsp;Rishikishore Reddy ,&nbsp;Jovenal Jamir ,&nbsp;Minkyu Kim ,&nbsp;Aravind Asthagiri ,&nbsp;Jason F. Weaver","doi":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the oxidation of CO on stoichiometric and O-rich IrO₂(110) surfaces using temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS), density functional theory (DFT) calculations and microkinetic simulations. Adsorbed CO on the s-IrO₂(110) surface generates CO and CO₂ peaks near 545 K during TPRS, and only about 38 % of the CO oxidized to CO₂ when the initial CO layer was saturated. Pre-adsorbed O-atoms, so-called on-top oxygen (O_t), promote the oxidation of CO adsorbed on IrO₂(110). On the O_t-covered surface, CO oxidation by O_t atoms produces a CO₂ TPRS peak at ∼370 K, and all of the initially adsorbed CO oxidizes to CO₂ when the initial O_t coverage is greater than the CO coverage. In agreement with the TPRS results, DFT calculations predict that the barrier is about 100 kJ/mol lower for CO oxidation by an O_t atom than a lattice O-atom of IrO₂(110). A microkinetic model, parameterized with energy barriers computed using DFT, accurately reproduces the CO and CO₂ TPRS traces only after CO binding energies are lowered to values determined using a hybrid exchange-correlation functional and the barrier for CO molecules to fill bridging O-vacancies is lowered. The simulations predict that O-vacancies play an important role in mediating the CO oxidation kinetics on s-IrO₂(110), and thereby demonstrate the importance of future spectroscopic studies aimed at characterizing the nature of the surface CO and O species involved in reaction. This study provides new insights for understanding CO oxidation on IrO₂(110), and provides evidence that several elementary steps can be involved in governing this chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22100,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science","volume":"751 ","pages":"Article 122619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability and dissolution of single-crystalline iron oxide thin films in electrochemical environments","authors":"Peter Seidel,&nbsp;Sascha Pomp,&nbsp;Florian Schwarz,&nbsp;Martin Sterrer","doi":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stability of single-crystalline monolayer FeO(111) and 10 nm thin Fe₃O₄(111) films on Pt(111) upon exposure to environments of increasing chemical complexity has been studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The well-defined oxide films, which were prepared under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, were exposed to aqueous solutions of different pH and electrochemical cycling in pure and catechol-containing electrolyte. The films are stable in neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 13) solutions both at open circuit conditions and during electrochemical cycling within the limits of hydrogen and oxygen evolution potentials. Also in strongly acidic (pH 1) perchlorate solution the films remain intact under open circuit conditions, but they quickly dissolve on application of electrochemical potential. Especially for the ultrathin FeO(111) films, catechol enhances the dissolution at neutral pH during electrochemical cycling. A comparison of Pt(111), FeO(111) and Fe₃O₄(111) substrates in the electrochemical catechol oxidation reaction reveals enhanced and sustained activity of FeO in alkaline environment, while strong deactivation occurs on Pt(111) and Fe₃O₄(111). This is explained by the weaker interaction between catechol and FeO(111) compared to the other substrates, which hampers the formation of a barrier layer on the electrode surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22100,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science","volume":"751 ","pages":"Article 122621"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroxylation of an ultrathin Co3O4(111) film on Ir(100) studied by in situ ambient pressure XPS and DFT","authors":"Thomas Haunold ,&nbsp;Krešimir Anić ,&nbsp;Alexander Genest ,&nbsp;Christoph Rameshan ,&nbsp;Matteo Roiaz ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Thomas Wicht ,&nbsp;Jan Knudsen ,&nbsp;Günther Rupprechter","doi":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susc.2024.122618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, we have studied the interaction of water with spinel cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄), an effect which has been considered a major cause of its catalytic deactivation. Employing a Co₃O₄(111) model thin film grown on Ir(100) in (ultra)high vacuum, and ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), hydroxylation in 0.5 mbar H₂O vapor at room temperature was monitored in real time. The surface hydroxyl (OH) coverage was determined <em>via</em> two different models based (i) on the termination of a pristine and OH-covered Co₃O₄(111) surface as derived from density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and (ii) on a homogeneous cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoO(OH)) overlayer. Langmuir pseudo-second-order kinetics were applied to characterize the OH evolution with time, suggesting two regimes of chemisorption at the mosaic-like Co₃O₄(111) film: (i) plateaus, which were quickly saturated by OH, followed by (ii) slow hydroxylation in the “cracks” of the thin film. H₂O dissociation and OH formation, blocking exposed Co²⁺ ions and additionally consuming surface lattice oxygen, respectively, may thus account for catalyst deactivation by H₂O traces in reactive feeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22100,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science","volume":"751 ","pages":"Article 122618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}