Plant Biology最新文献_第3页

Soil health improvements under cover crops are associated with enhanced soil content of cytokinins.

IF 4.2 3区生物学

Plant Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13743

I Perera, A Kisiala, K A Thompson, R J N Emery

{"title":"Soil health improvements under cover crops are associated with enhanced soil content of cytokinins.","authors":"I Perera, A Kisiala, K A Thompson, R J N Emery","doi":"10.1111/plb.13743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13743","url":null,"abstract":"Cytokinins (CKs) are phytohormones produced by plants and other soil life. including bacteria, fungi, insects, and earthworms. These organisms can release CKs to the soil, which may have positive implications for soil health and plant growth. However, no studies have examined phytohormones as soil health indicators. In custom-designed rhizo-pots that separated rhizosphere and bulk soils, the cover crops tillage radish and cereal rye were used to manipulate soil health parameters: soil pH, soil organic matter, soil active carbon, soil microbial community diversity, and extracellular enzyme activities involved in C, N and P cycling. Data were compared to impacts of cover crops on CKs that were purified from the complex soil and measured with HPLC-HRMS/MS. From soil we detected free base-CKs (trans-zeatin (tZ), isopentenyladenine (iP)), riboside-CKs (RB-CKs), cis-zeatin riboside (cZR), isopentenyladenosine (iPR) and four methylthiolated CKs: 2-methylthio-zeatin (2MeSZ), 2-methylthio-zeatin ribosides (2MeSZR), 2-methylthio-isopentenyladenine (2MeSiP), and 2-methylthio-isopentenyladenine riboside (2MeSiPR). These CK levels were significantly enhanced in cover cropped soil compared to uncultivated soil, and reflect a positive relationship between soil CK profiles and other soil health parameters - notably, between total CK and active C levels and soil microbial community diversity. This is the first detailed soil CK analysis and assessment of its potential use as a novel, reliable, short-term soil health parameter. The increased CK concentrations in cover cropped soils likely reflects the activity levels of soil life (plants, microbes, animals) and provides a rationale to use CKs as tools to evaluate soil health as influenced by agricultural management strategies.","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early flowering enhances performance among conspecifics.

IF 4.2 3区生物学

Plant Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13749

P Moreno-Colom, A Montesinos-Navarro

{"title":"Early flowering enhances performance among conspecifics.","authors":"P Moreno-Colom, A Montesinos-Navarro","doi":"10.1111/plb.13749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13749","url":null,"abstract":"Timing plays a crucial role in plant survival as it determines the environmental conditions during which each phenophase develops. In Mediterranean regions, with high temperatures and low precipitation during summer, the timing of flowering may impact plant performance. Different species avoid harsh abiotic conditions by flowering weeks or months earlier than others. On a shorter time scale, conspecifics that flower just a few days earlier may also gain biotic advantages, such as reduced competition for nutrients or pollinators. We propose that earlier flowering, whether by days for conspecifics or by weeks to months for different species, allows plants to avoid biotic and abiotic stress, respectively, leading to increased reproductive success and growth. We hypothesize that: (i) earlier-flowering species will have higher growth and reproductive success than other species co-occurring in the community, and (ii) earlier-flowering conspecifics will show higher growth and reproductive success than the average of their co-occurring conspecifics. A field study was conducted in SE Spain using 98 co-occurring individuals of four species. We monitored phenology, water loss, and growth over a growing season and estimated relative individual reproduction. Early-flowering species did not show higher relative reproduction than late, co-occurring flowering species, although they differed in water loss. However, early-flowering conspecifics had higher growth and relative reproduction than later-flowering conspecifics, but did not differ in water loss. Our results suggest that early flowering might reduce intraspecific competition among conspecifics, rather than enhance performance of those species that avoid harsh summer conditions (high temperatures and low precipitations).","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contrasting strategies in morphological and physiological response to drought stress among temperate forest understory forbs and graminoids.

IF 4.2 3区生物学

Plant Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13750

A Petek-Petrik, P Petrík, M Halmová, R Plichta, M Matoušková, K Houšková, M Chudomelová, J Urban, R Hédl

{"title":"Contrasting strategies in morphological and physiological response to drought stress among temperate forest understory forbs and graminoids.","authors":"A Petek-Petrik, P Petrík, M Halmová, R Plichta, M Matoušková, K Houšková, M Chudomelová, J Urban, R Hédl","doi":"10.1111/plb.13750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13750","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress can profoundly affect plant growth and physiological vitality, yet there is a notable scarcity of controlled drought experiments focused on herbaceous species of the forest understorey. In this study, we collected seeds from five forb and four graminoid species common in European temperate forests. Seeds were germinated under controlled glasshouse conditions and subjected to moderate drought stress for 5 weeks. We assessed biomass partitioning, stomatal and leaf morphology, leaf gas exchange, minimum leaf conductance (gmin), and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Comparison of the two ecological guilds revealed that graminoids had a higher R/S, improved WUE, greater carboxylation efficiency, and enhanced non-photochemical quenching under drought conditions compared to forbs. In contrast, forbs had significantly lower gmin, with higher total biomass and total leaf area. Despite these differences in morpho-physiological functional traits, both groups experienced a similar relative reduction in biomass after drought stress. Key predictors of biomass accumulation under drought included photochemical quenching, stomatal traits, total leaf area and gmin. A negative correlation between biomass and gmin suggests that plants with lower residual water loss after stomatal closure can accumulate more biomass under drought stress. Additionally, gmin was positively correlated with guard cell length, suggesting that larger stomata contribute to higher residual water loss. Contrasting strategies in morpho-physiological responses to drought define the differences between the two groups. In graminoids, drought resistance suggests greater emphasis on stress tolerance as a survival strategy. In contrast, forbs were able to maintain higher biomass and total leaf area, indicating a competitive strategy for maximizing resource acquisition.","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reduced soil moisture drives leaf anatomical shifts more than chronically elevated temperatures in European temperate trees. 在欧洲温带树木中，土壤水分减少比长期温度升高更能推动叶片解剖结构的变化。

IF 4.2 3区生物学

Plant Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13745

M Didion-Gency, J Deluigi, J Gisler, T Juillard, M Schaub, A Tuñas-Corzon, C Grossiord

{"title":"Reduced soil moisture drives leaf anatomical shifts more than chronically elevated temperatures in European temperate trees.","authors":"M Didion-Gency, J Deluigi, J Gisler, T Juillard, M Schaub, A Tuñas-Corzon, C Grossiord","doi":"10.1111/plb.13745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13745","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic reductions in soil moisture combined with high air temperatures can modify tree carbon and water relations. However, little is known about how trees acclimate their foliar structure to the individual and combined effects of these two climate drivers. We used open-top chambers to determine the multi-year effects of chronic air warming (+5 °C) and soil moisture reduction (-50%) alone and in combination on the foliar anatomy of two European tree species. We further investigated how these climate drivers affected the relationship between foliar anatomy and physiology/chemistry in young downy oak and European beech trees. After 4 years, reduced soil moisture led to development of thinner leaves with a narrower epidermis and lower gas exchange for oak and beech, but to a lesser extent in the latter. In contrast, prolonged warming did not affect the anatomical and physiological/chemical traits in either species. Warming also did not exacerbate the impacts of dry soils, highlighting soil moisture as the key driver in leaf anatomical shifts. While soil moisture altered oak foliar anatomy, and the physiology and chemistry of both species, our work revealed a limited acclimation potential towards more drought- and heat-tolerant leaves as conditions become drier and warmer, suggesting potentially high vulnerability of both species to future climate predictions.","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of aridity on plant intraspecific chemical diversity supports adaptive differentiation and convergent evolution. 干旱对植物种内化学多样性的影响支持了适应性分化和趋同进化。

IF 4.2 3区生物学

Plant Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13731

E Castells, P Sanchez-Martinez

{"title":"The influence of aridity on plant intraspecific chemical diversity supports adaptive differentiation and convergent evolution.","authors":"E Castells, P Sanchez-Martinez","doi":"10.1111/plb.13731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13731","url":null,"abstract":"Plants synthesize a broad array of specialized chemical compounds that mediate their interactions with the surrounding environment. Some of this chemical diversity is functional and subject to natural selection, but the factors underlying chemical evolution at the intraspecific level remain largely unknown. Here, we combined chemical, environmental and genetic data to investigate the effect of aridity on the expression of chemotypes in the invasive shrub Senecio pterophorus. We studied the variation in pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), a group of specialized metabolites widespread across the families Boraginaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae, from native populations spanning a cline of aridity and from three cross-continental introductions, under natural and common garden conditions. We examined whether the relationship between chemistry and aridity was compatible with a process of adaptive differentiation using a method that partitions the variance and covariance by controlling for the population neutral genetic structure. We found a consistent shift from retrorsine-like to seneciphylline-like compounds under increasing aridity in both natural and controlled conditions in coherence with the biosynthetic pathways. This pattern was independent of the neutral genetic structure and occurred along the environmental gradient in the native range and in a convergent manner in all nonnative regions, which suggests adaptive differentiation in response to aridity. Our findings show that the diversity of PAs in S. pterophorus has been partially shaped by aridity. Investigating how abiotic factors influence chemical evolution is key to elucidating the plant responses in future climate scenarios and the cascading effects on other trophic levels.","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pollinator diversity of the food-deceptive orchids in southern Italy 意大利南部具有食物欺骗性的兰花的传粉者多样性。

IF 4.2 3区生物学

Plant Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13728

F. Carlomagno, M. Lanzino, F. Mendicino, T. Bonacci, G. Pellegrino

引用次数: 0

Belowground systems in tropical savanna: Fabaceae morphoanatomical traits and their relation to fire 热带稀树草原的地下系统：豆科植物的形态解剖特征及其与火灾的关系。

IF 4.2 3区生物学

Plant Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13730

A. S. Leal, A. Fidelis, M. A. de Araujo, B. B. Cozin, A. R. Martins

引用次数: 0

Sexual dimorphism at different life stages: early life sexual differences in root growth in Silene latifolia 不同生命阶段的性别二形性：Silene latifolia根系生长的早期性别差异。

IF 4.2 3区生物学

Plant Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13723

M. Pérez-Llorca, A. Hewett, A. de la Peña Pita, F. Hailer, J. Sánchez Vilas

引用次数: 0

Specialized seed dispersal in Neotropical Vanilla reveals fruit unpalatability to omnivores 新热带香草专门的种子传播揭示了果实对杂食性动物的不可口性。

IF 4.2 3区生物学

Plant Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13726

E. R. Pansarin

引用次数: 0

Tissue ontogeny and chemical composition influence bacterial biodiversity in the wood and shoot tip of Populus nigra. 组织发育和化学成分对黑杨木材和枝梢中细菌生物多样性的影响

IF 4.2 3区生物学

Plant Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13724

T Bose, T G Mahomed, K C Mbatha, J C Joubert, A Hammerbacher

{"title":"Tissue ontogeny and chemical composition influence bacterial biodiversity in the wood and shoot tip of Populus nigra.","authors":"T Bose, T G Mahomed, K C Mbatha, J C Joubert, A Hammerbacher","doi":"10.1111/plb.13724","DOIUrl":"10.1111/plb.13724","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-microbe interactions significantly influence plant growth dynamics and adaptability. This study explores the impact of metabolites on microbial biodiversity in shoot tips and wood of Populus nigra under greenhouse conditions, using high-throughput sequencing and metabolite profiling. Branches from P. nigra were harvested, rooted, and transplanted into pots for growth. After 3 months, tissue samples from shoot tips and wood were collected, and metabolites extracted and analysed using GC-MS and LC-MS. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to high-throughput sequencing for bacterial biodiversity profiling. Both datasets were analysed using bioinformatic and statistical pipelines. Metabolite profiling indicated that shoot tips had a higher relative abundance of primary and secondary metabolites, including sugars, fatty acids, organic acids, phenolic acid derivatives and salicinoids, while wood was enriched in flavonoids. Bacterial biodiversity also differed significantly between these tissues, with Clostridiales, Bacteroidales and Bacillales dominating in shoot tips, associated with rapid growth and anaerobic fermentation, while wood tissues were characterized by diazotrophs from Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales and Frankiales. PCoA clustering confirmed tissue-specific microbial differences. Functional analysis revealed an enrichment of fundamental cellular processes in shoot tips, while wood exhibited pathways related to degradation and mortality. Metabolite profiling revealed significant variations in primary and secondary metabolites, highlighting their influence on microbial biodiversity across plant tissues. The dominance of specific bacterial orders and distinct functional pathways in each tissue suggests a tailored microbial response to the unique environments of shoot tips and wood.","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0