Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Cockroach pollination ensures sexual reproduction in the non-photosynthetic plant Balanophora tobiracola.","authors":"K Suetsugu","doi":"10.1111/plb.13770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera have traditionally been recognized as key pollinators, recent studies suggest that other insect groups, such as Blattodea (cockroaches), may also play a significant role. However, direct evidence of fruit set resulting from cockroach pollination remains limited, even in plants presumed to rely on this mode of pollination. This study investigated the breeding system of the non-photosynthetic plant Balanophora tobiracola on Yakushima Island, Japan, with a particular focus on the potential occurrence of agamospermy. Additionally, the research rigorously evaluates the pollination effectiveness of cockroaches and ants in B. tobiracola by assessing reproductive success exclusively through their visits. Pollination experiments revealed high fruit set even under emasculation, indicating that agamospermy ensures seed production. However, B. tobiracola still relies heavily on pollinator activity for sexual reproduction. Ants and cockroaches were identified as effective pollinators, whereas contributions of pyralid moths, crane flies, and nitidulid beetles-whose larvae consume B. tobiracola infructescences-were negligible. Notably, a single visit from certain cockroach species significantly enhanced pollination. The above findings demonstrate that B. tobiracola is effectively pollinated by cockroaches and ants. Combining unusual pollinators with agamospermy likely facilitates the reproductive success of B. tobiracola in dense forest understories where typical pollinators, like bees, are scarce. Our results underscore the need to reassess the role of agamospermy as reproductive assurance and the significance of cockroaches and ants as pollinators, particularly for plants in shaded understory habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher PEPC activity and vein density contribute to improve cotton leaf water use efficiency under water stress.","authors":"Z Lei, J Han, X Yi, X Luo, W Zhang, D He, C Gong, Y Zhang","doi":"10.1111/plb.13765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants with the C₄ photosynthetic pathway can withstand water stress better than plants with C₃ metabolism. However, it is unclear whether C₄ photosynthesis can be preliminarily activated in droughted cotton leaves, and if this contributes to increase in water use efficiency (WUE). An upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., Xinluzao45) was used to determine gas exchange, stomatal and vein anatomy, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC) and Rubisco enzyme activity, and carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) under well-watered, mild or moderate water stress. Water stress triggered reduced photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and Rubisco activity, but higher vein density (VD), PEPC activity, and WUE. The correlations between δ¹³C and each of VD and PEPC activity implied that these coordinately contributed to higher leaf WUE via a preliminary induction of C₄ photosynthetic pathway. Preliminary C₄ photosynthesis indicated by more PEPC enzyme and veins offers an effective way to improve leaf WUE and potentially aids in acclimation to adverse growing conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ diversification and adaptive introgression in Taiwanese Scutellaria.","authors":"P-W Sun, J-T Chang, M-X Luo, C-T Chao, F K Du, P-C Liao","doi":"10.1111/plb.13769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Island habitats provide unique opportunities to study speciation. Recent work indicates that both ex situ origination and in situ speciation contribute to island species diversity. However, clear evidence of local adaptation of endemic plant species on islands requires in-depth studies, which are scarce. This study underscores the importance of local adaptation in maintaining species boundaries by examining how adaptive introgression, hybridization, and local adaptation contribute to genetic variation in island species. Multilocus genome scanning of 51 nuclear genes was used to investigate the evolutionary relationships of the Scutellaria species complex on Taiwan Island and assess the role of in situ diversification in generating high endemism and genetic diversity. Interspecies introgressions were detected by phylogenetic networks and ABBA-BABA-based analysis, suggesting ongoing or recent speciation processes. Coalescent-based simulation identified hybrid speciation in Scutellaria taiwanensis and Scutellaria hsiehii, with evidence of hybridization between more than two parental species. Genotype-environment association studies revealed that the influence of climate, particularly precipitation- and temperature-related factors, contributed to adaptive genetic divergence between species. Additionally, adaptive introgression related to environmental pressures that may have facilitated the colonization of new island habitats were identified. This research illustrates how hybridization, introgression, and adaptation shaped the evolutionary histories and divergence of this island-endemic plant species complex and sheds light on the multifaceted mechanisms of speciation on semi-isolated islands.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The branched-chain amino acid-related isoleucic acid: recent research advances.","authors":"D W Mekonnen, A Ghirardo, W Zhang, A R Schäffner","doi":"10.1111/plb.13771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isoleucic acid (ILA) was identified in human patients with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) half a century ago. MSUD patients, who are defective in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), that is, isoleucine, leucine, and valine, have urine with a unique maple syrup odour related to the accumulation of BCAA breakdown products, largely 2-keto acid derivatives and their reduced 2-hydroxy acids including ILA. A decade ago, ILA was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. Subsequent studies in other plant species indicated that ILA is a ubiquitously present compound. Since its identification in plants, several efforts have been made to understand the biological significance and metabolic pathway of ILA. ILA plays a positive role in plant signalling for defence responses against bacterial pathogens by increasing the abundance of salicylic acid aglycone through competitive inhibition of SA deactivation by glucosylation. Here, we review recent progress in the characterization of ILA biosynthesis and function in plants and discuss current knowledge gaps and future directions in ILA research.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of plant maternal effects, chemotype, and environment on the leaf bacterial community.","authors":"A Malacrinò, R Jakobs, S Xu, C Müller","doi":"10.1111/plb.13759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant individuals within a species can differ markedly in their leaf chemical composition, forming so-called chemotypes. Little is known about whether such differences impact the microbial communities associated with leaves and how different environmental conditions may shape these relationships. We used Tanacetum vulgare as a model plant to study the impacts of maternal effects, leaf terpenoid chemotype, and the environment on the leaf bacterial community by growing plant clones in the field and a greenhouse. We hypothesized that all three factors affect the bacterial community of the leaves and that terpenoid and bacterial profiles as well as chemodiversity and microbial diversity are correlated. The results revealed that the leaf microbial community was significantly influenced by plant maternal effects and environmental conditions (field vs. greenhouse), but not by the leaf terpenoid profile. There was also no evidence for a correlation between terpenoid profiles and bacterial community composition and diversity. Overall, a higher number of unique amplicon sequence variants were found in the leaves of clones grown under field conditions than in those grown in the greenhouse. We also identified interactions between individual terpenoids and specific members of the leaf bacterial community. Our study suggests that terpenoid chemodiversity has, overall, little effect on the leaf bacterial community, but some terpenoids might affect specific beneficial species. While more studies are needed to investigate the relationship between plant chemodiversity and plant microbiomes, our results highlight the importance of integrating plant maternal effects, chemodiversity, and environment in understanding plant-microbiome interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen-pistil interaction in Mauritia flexuosa: structural and cytological aspects provide insight into the reproductive success of a dioecious palm with supra-annual flowering in a semiarid environment.","authors":"H C Mazzottini-Dos-Santos, L M Ribeiro, P P Fonseca, I F P Azevedo, C S Souza, Y R F Nunes","doi":"10.1111/plb.13761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The success of pollen-pistil interaction in Mauritia flexuosa (buriti), a palm adapted to the humid ecosystems, 'veredas', within the Cerrado, is influenced by intrinsic and environmental factors. Its supra-annual flowering, dioecy, and adverse climate conditions pose challenges for fertilization, therefore information on floral biology is essential. This study aimed to ascertain stigma receptivity, and elucidate structural, cytochemical, and ultrastructural aspects of the pollen-pistil relationship. Flowers were analysed at intervals post-anthesis (hpa) and post-pollination (hpp). A stigma receptivity test was performed using H₂O₂ solution. Pistil samples were processed for anatomical, histochemical, and electron microscopy evaluation. The stigma is wet and papillate type, with subepidermis containing sclerenchyma connected to vascular bundles. Stigma receptivity lasts around 36 hpa. The pollen tube penetrates the papilla at 2 hpp and develops in the symplast, towards the stylar canal. The papillae have loose cell walls that facilitate the secretion and contain a rich population of organelles, including large peroxisomes. Fertilization occurs 24 hpp, and during this period the stigma surface is free of pathogens. The vascular connection to the pistil surface favours the germination of pollen grains. The pistil has a strong protective system until fertilization occurs. The symplastic growth of the pollen tube in the stigma and the efficient secretory apparatus of the pistil contribute to rapid fertilization. These structural characteristics and secretion dynamics enhance reproduction of buriti, even with supra-annual flowering and in semiarid conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redistribution of soil water by mature trees towards dry surface soils and uptake by seedlings in a temperate forest.","authors":"B D Hafner, B D Hesse, T E E Grams","doi":"10.1111/plb.13764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydraulic redistribution is considered a crucial dryland mechanism that may be important in temperate environments facing increased soil drying-wetting cycles. We investigated redistribution of soil water from deeper, moist to surface, dry soils in a mature mixed European beech forest and whether redistributed water was used by neighbouring native seedlings. In two experiments, we tracked hydraulic redistribution via (1) ²H labeling and (2) ¹⁸O natural abundance. In a throughfall exclusion experiment, ²H water was applied to 30-50 cm soil depth around mature beech trees and traced in soils, in coarse and fine roots, and in the rhizosphere. On five additional natural plots, the ¹⁸O signal was measured in seedlings of European beech, Douglas fir, silver fir, sycamore maple, and Norway spruce at dawn and noon after a rain-free period. We found a significant enrichment in ²H in surface soil fine roots of mature beech, and an indication for transfer of this water into their rhizosphere, suggesting hydraulic redistribution from deeper, moist to drier surface soils. On four of the five additional plots, δ¹⁸O of seedlings' root water was lower at dawn than at noon. This indicated that dawn root water originated from soil layers deeper than the seedlings' rooting depth, suggesting hydraulic redistribution by neighbouring mature trees. Hydraulic redistribution equated to about 10% of daily transpiration in mature beech trees, and contributed to root water in understory seedlings, emphasizing hydraulic redistribution as a notable mechanism in temperate forests. Transport mechanisms and potential of different tree species to redistribute water should be further addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legacies from early-season hot drought: how growth cessation alters tree water dynamics and modifies stress responses in Scots pine.","authors":"N K Ruehr, D Nadal-Sala","doi":"10.1111/plb.13760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tree responses to drought are well studied, but the interacting effects of drought timing on growth, water use, and stress legacy are less understood. We investigated how a widespread conifer, Scots pine, responded to hot droughts early or late in the growing season, or to both. We measured sap flux, stem growth, needle elongation, and leaf water potential (Ψ_leaf) to assess the impacts of stress timing on drought resilience in Scots pine saplings. The early summer hot drought had peak temperatures of 36.5 °C, while the late summer hot drought peaked at 38.2 °C. Soil water content during both periods declined to ca. 50% of control values. The early-season hot drought caused growth cessation already at Ψ_leaf - 1.1 MPa, visible as an almost 30 days earlier end to needle elongation, resulting in needles 2.7 cm shorter, on average. This reduction in leaf area decreased productivity, resulting in a reduction of 50% in seasonal transpiration. However, the reduced water use of early-stressed saplings appeared to enhance resistance to a late-season drought, as reflected in a smaller decline in Ψ_leaf and lower tree water deficit compared to saplings that did not experience early-season stress. In summary, we observed persistant drought legacy effects from early-season hot-drought stress, as evident in a 35% reduction of leaf area, which impacted tree water use, stress resistance, and productivity. These structural adjustments of leaf development and reduced bud mass from early-season stress could be critical in evergreen conifers, whose long-lived foliage influences future water use and growth potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraspecific and intra-individual chemodiversity and phenotypic integration of terpenes across plant parts and development stages in an aromatic plant.","authors":"D Ziaja, C Müller","doi":"10.1111/plb.13763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some plant species produce an extraordinary diversity of specialized metabolites. The diverse class of terpenes is characteristic for many aromatic plants, and terpenes can occur as both emitted volatiles and stored compounds. Little is known about how intraspecific chemodiversity and phenotypic integration of both emitted volatile and stored terpenes differ intra-individually across plant development and between different plant parts, and studies considering both spatial and temporal scales are scarce. To comprehensively investigate this diversity, we used the aromatic plant Tanacetum vulgare that differs in foliar terpene composition, forming chemotypes. We collected emitted volatile terpenes of both young and old leaves during the rosette, elongated stem, and flowering stage as well as emitted volatiles of flower heads at the flowering stage. Moreover, at the flowering stage, stored terpenes were extracted from different plant parts, including roots. Terpene profiles were measured with (TD)-GC-MS. The composition of emitted volatile terpenes depended on the specific combination of chemotype, plant part, and time point; the chemodiversity of emitted volatiles was mainly affected by the development stage, indicating that at specific development stages individuals require a higher chemodiversity, potentially to mediate different interactions. For stored terpenes, intra-individual differences, mostly between aboveground and belowground plant parts, were found only for specific components of chemodiversity, such as richness and evenness, but not for functional Hill diversity. Phenotypic integration differed mainly across development stage and plant part for emitted volatile terpenes, and across chemotype and plant part for stored terpenes. Our results suggest that intraspecific chemodiversity of terpenes and their integration is a highly plastic trait that may be shaped in dependence of interactions with the environment, and the value that each plant part contributes to the fitness of an individual. Such variation on different scales, both spatially and temporally, should be considered in chemical ecological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginal response of non-structural carbohydrates and increased biomass in a dominant shrub (Dasiphora fruticosa) to water table decline in a minerotrophic peatland.","authors":"L M Ge, T Li, Z F Zhai, P He, R T Zhao, Z J Bu, S Z Wang, C H Peng, H X Song, M Wang","doi":"10.1111/plb.13762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessing how dominant peatland species, such as Dasiphora fruticosa, adapt to water table decline is crucial to advance understanding of their growth and survival strategies. Currently, most studies have primarily focused on their growth and biomass, with limited knowledge on the response of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) and physiological adaptations of these woody plants under long-term drainage. This study assessed the response of photosynthesis and transpiration rates, biomass, and NSC concentrations (including soluble sugars and starch) in the leaves, stems, and roots of D. fruticosa to long-term drainage in a minerotrophic peatland. The aim was to elucidate the plant response and adaptation mechanisms to water table decline. Dasiphora fruticosa effectively regulated carbon (C) demand and supply by significantly enhancing photosynthesis, transpiration, and biomass accumulation, thereby maintaining stable C storage as the water table declined. There was a notable reduction in soluble sugar concentration in leaves with increasing water table decline, while starch concentrations in all three organs remained relatively constant. Although the concentration of soluble sugars in leaves was consistently higher than that in roots and stems, the relative proportion of soluble sugars and starch gradually decreased in leaves and increased in roots and stems with water table decline. Our findings reveal that D. fruticosa reduces NSC concentrations in leaves while increasing biomass to adapt to water table decline. This acclimation might significantly impact C dynamics in peatlands. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for predicting the dynamics of C sequestration and emission in peatland ecosystems under changing environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}