Plant Biology最新文献

{"title":"Salicylic acid priming before cadmium exposure increases wheat growth but does not uniformly reverse cadmium effects on membrane glycerolipids.","authors":"N Colak, A Kurt-Celebi, M R Roth, R Welti, H Torun, F A Ayaz","doi":"10.1111/plb.13736","DOIUrl":"10.1111/plb.13736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium (Cd) is an abiotic stressor negatively affecting plant growth and reducing crop productivity. The effects of Cd (25 μM) and of pre-soaking seeds with salicylic acid (SA) (500 μM) on morphological, physiological, and glycerolipid changes in two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Tosunbey' and 'Cumhuriyet') were explored. Parameters measured were length, fresh and dry biomass, Cd concentration, osmotic potential (ψ), lipid peroxidation, and polar lipid species in roots and leaves, as well as leaf chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and fv/fm. Fresh biomass of roots and leaves and leaf length were strongly depressed by Cd treatment compared to the control, but significantly increased with SA + Cd compared to Cd alone. Cd reduced leaf levels of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and fv/fm, compared to controls. Treatment with SA + Cd increased pigment levels and fv/fm compared to Cd alone. Cd treatment led to a decrease in DW of total membrane lipids in leaves and depressed levels of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid in leaves and roots of both cultivars. The effects of SA priming and SA + Cd treatment on lipid content and composition were cultivar-specific, suggesting that lipid metabolism may not be a primary target underlying SA remediation of the damaging effects of Cd on wheat growth and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":"79-91"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permeability of postzygotic barriers: embryology of a partially fertile Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) hybrid.","authors":"M F Alves, F Pinheiro, D da Silva Graciano, K L G De Toni, J F A Baumgratz","doi":"10.1111/plb.13748","DOIUrl":"10.1111/plb.13748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hybrid zones offer unique insight into reproductive barriers and plant speciation mechanisms. This study investigated postzygotic reproductive isolation in the natural hybrid Epidendrum × purpureum, which occurs in sympatry with its parent species, Epidendrum denticulatum and E. orchidiflorum. We examined the development of male and female gametophytes and the events leading to seed formation in this hybrid zone. Floral buds and flowers from E. × purpureum individuals were collected at various stages of development. Both self-pollination and backcrosses between hybrids and parental species were performed to follow ovule and seed development up to 60 days after pollination. The material was analysed using optical and confocal microscopy. In most hybrids, microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis occur regularly, forming viable male gametophytes. Non-viable male gametophytes were also observed and are the result of symmetrical mitotic division. The development of the female gametophyte occurs after self-pollination, and proceeds regularly, resulting in a reduced female gametophyte. Embryo development in the parental species occurs without abnormalities, while in backcrosses between hybrids and parental species, most embryos degenerate. Embryo degeneration in the crosses between hybrids can be explained by genetic incompatibilities. The co-occurrence of viable embryos and degenerating embryos in backcrosses between hybrids and parental species point to incomplete postzygotic reproductive barriers between the hybrid and the progenitors. Our findings suggest that E. × purpureum could facilitate gene flow between parental species, as much of its embryological development occurs without abnormalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":"40-51"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional and functional characterization in the terpenoid precursor pathway of the early land plant Physcomitrium patens.","authors":"A Horn, Y Lu, F J Astorga Ríos, H Toft Simonsen, J D Becker","doi":"10.1111/plb.13741","DOIUrl":"10.1111/plb.13741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isoprenoids comprise the largest group of plant specialized metabolites. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) is one of the major rate-limiting enzymes in their biosynthesis. The DXS family expanded structurally and functionally during evolution and is believed to have significantly contributed to metabolic complexity and diversity in plants. This family has not yet been studied in Physcomitrium patens or other bryophytes. Here, we assessed the degree of evolutionary expansion in the DXS family in bryophytes and, more specifically, in P. patens using phylogenetic analysis. Transcriptome profiling was applied to investigate tissue-specific, developmental, and environmental responses, such as salt stress, in the DXS family. Moreover, the effect of salt stress on terpenoid biosynthesis was monitored through metabolomics. The phylogenetic analysis of DXS revealed that a structural expansion occurred in bryophytes, but not in P. patens. Functional complementation assay revealed functional activity in all four copies. Comparative transcriptomics showed tissue- and condition-specific divergence in the expression profiles of DXS copies and demonstrated specific stress responses for PpDXS1D, particularly to salt stress. These findings coincide with increased flux in the pathway towards downstream metabolites under salt stress. Additionally, co-expression network analysis revealed significant differences between the co-expressed genes of the DXS copies and illustrated enrichment of stress-responsive genes in the PpDXS1D network. These results suggest that the DXS family in P. patens is conserved but undergoes differential transcriptional regulation, which might allow P. patens to fine-tune DXS levels under different conditions, such as abiotic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In thermotolerance tests of tropical tree leaves, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F_v/F_m measured soon after heat exposure is not a reliable predictor of tissue necrosis.","authors":"K Winter, C R Krüger Nuñez, M Slot, A Virgo","doi":"10.1111/plb.13732","DOIUrl":"10.1111/plb.13732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tropical rainforests are hot and may be particularly sensitive to ongoing anthropogenic global warming. This has led to increased interest in the thermotolerance of tropical trees. Thermotolerance of leaves of two tropical tree species, Terminalia catappa and Coccoloba uvifera, was determined by exposing leaf samples to 15-min heat treatments, followed by measurements of potential photosystem II quantum yield (dark-adapted value of variable/maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence, F_v/F_m) after 24 h and 14 days, and visible damage (necrosis) after 14 days. T₅₀ (24 h), the temperature at which F_v/F_m declined by 50% 24 h after heat treatments, was associated with only ~10% leaf area damage in C. uvifera and no damage in T. catappa. In neither species was leaf necrosis observed at T₅ (24 h), the temperature at which F_v/F_m declined by 5%. In both species, temperatures significantly higher than T₅₀ (24 h) were required for 50% leaf area necrosis to occur. T₅₀ (14 days) was a better proxy of visible leaf damage than T₅₀ (24 h). The relationship between heat-induced F_v/F_m decline and tissue necrosis varies among species. In species surveys of leaf thermal tolerances, calibration of the F_v/F_m assay against the necrosis test is recommended for each species under investigation. F_v/F_m measurements soon after heat exposure do not reliably predict irreversible heat damage and may thus not be suitable to model and predict the thermostability of tropical forest trees.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":"146-153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Blue and UV-B light synergistically induce anthocyanin accumulation by co-activating nitrate reductase gene expression in Anthocyanin fruit (Aft) tomato.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/plb.13739","DOIUrl":"10.1111/plb.13739","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":"185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of melatonin in delaying senescence and maintaining quality in postharvest horticultural products.","authors":"Y Liu, J Xu, X Lu, M Huang, W Yu, C Li","doi":"10.1111/plb.13706","DOIUrl":"10.1111/plb.13706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The postharvest lifespan of horticultural products is closely related to loss of nutritional quality, accompanied by a rapid decline in shelf life, commercial value, and marketability. Melatonin (MT) application not only maintains quality but also delays senescence in horticultural products. This paper reviews biosynthesis and metabolism of endogenous MT, summarizes significant effects of exogenous MT application on postharvest horticultural products, examines regulatory mechanisms of MT-mediated effects, and provides an integrated review for understanding the positive role of MT in senescence delay and quality maintenance. As a multifunctional molecule, MT coordinates other signal molecules, such as ABA, ETH, JA, SA, NO, and Ca²⁺, to regulate postharvest ripening and senescence. Several metabolic pathways are involved in regulation of MT during postharvest senescence, including synthesis and signal transduction of plant hormones, redox homeostasis, energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and degradation of pigment and cell wall components. Moreover, MT regulates expression of genes related to plant hormones, antioxidant systems, energy generation, fruit firmness and colour, membrane integrity, and carbohydrate storage. Consequently, MT could become an emerging and eco-friendly preservative to extend shelf life and maintain postharvest quality of horticultural products.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":"3-17"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulatory responses of physiological and biochemical status are related to drought tolerance levels in peanut cultivars.","authors":"M V Checchio, A L Bacha, W C Carrega, G da Silveira Sousa Júnior, P L da Costa Aguiar Alves, P L Gratão","doi":"10.1111/plb.13740","DOIUrl":"10.1111/plb.13740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the fourth most cultivated oilseed in the world, but its cultivation is subject to fluctuations in water demand. Current studies of tolerance between cultivars and physiological mechanisms involved in plant recovery after drought are insufficient for selection of tolerant cultivars. We evaluated tolerance of different peanut cultivars to water deficit and subsequent rehydration, based on physiological and biochemical status. Gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, F_v/F_m, MDA, H₂O₂ and antioxidant enzyme activity were analysed. Drought stress and rehydration triggered distinct changes in pigments, F_v/F_m, gas exchange, and H₂O₂ across genotypes, with increased MDA in all cultivars under stress. Based on multivariate analysis, 'IAC Sempre Verde' was identified as most drought sensitive, while 'IAC OL3', 'IAC 503', and 'IAC OL6' exhibited variations in physiological responses and antioxidant activity correlated to their respective tolerance levels. Notably, 'IAC OL3' had higher WUE and enhanced enzymatic defence and was classified as the most drought tolerant in this context. The above findings suggest that antioxidant metabolism is a important factor for plant recovery post-rehydration. Our study provides insights into antioxidant and physiological responses of peanut cultivars, which can support breeding programs for selection of drought-tolerant genotypes. Future field studies should be conducted for a better understanding of tolerance of these cultivars, particularly through correlation of these data with crop yield impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":"116-124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative evidence on the hybridization between Cenostigma microphyllum and C. pyramidale (Leguminosae) in the Caatinga dry forest.","authors":"P Aecyo, L Costa, U P Jacobina, W Harand, I R Leal, G Souza, A Pedrosa-Harand","doi":"10.1111/plb.13753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interspecific hybridization plays an important role in plant evolution, contributing to taxonomic uncertainty through intermediate phenotypes or the emergence of novel traits. The characterization of hybridization is important to elucidate systematic relationships and its role in the diversification of lineages. The genus Cenostigma comprises neotropical legume trees with phylogenetic inconsistencies, and individuals showing intermediate morphology between sympatric species, suggesting natural hybridization. We tested this hypothesis by investigating two endemic species from the Caatinga dry forest in northeast Brazil (C. microphyllum and C. pyramidale) using molecular markers (nuclear and plastid SSRs), geometric morphometrics, non-targeted metabolomics, and ecological analyses. We detected a high plastidial genetic structure among populations, not related to species boundaries but to their geographic distribution. The geometric morphometric analysis showed a clustering of pure individuals of both species with hybrids in an intermediate position, demonstrating the hybridization of these species in Caatinga. Nuclear DNA and metabolite diversity supported the separation of the two species into three clusters, with a subdivision of C. pyramidale in populations from the north (Pernambuco) and south (Bahia). Metabolomics revealed a fourth group formed mostly by hybrids. Later generation hybrids were detected as intermediate morphological forms, and gene flow was assumed as asymmetric among species and populations, being higher from C. pyramidale to C. microphyllum in populations from Bahia State. Ecological data indicated niche overlap. Hence, interspecific gene flow occurs among Cenostigma tree species, contributing to the evolution of the dry forest. Given the karyotypic and genomic similarity among species, as well as molecular and ecological evidence, we infer that the hybrids are fertile, allowing introgression and contributing to systematic complexity in Cenostigma. Hybridization did not significantly increase chemodiversity in terms of novel compounds but differentiated hybrids from parental species. In summary, we highlight the importance of multiple evidence, particularly genetic, morphological, and metabolomic traits, in the identification of hybrids and its evolutionary impact in natural environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative multi-scale approach to study the phenotypic variation of seedling leaves in four weedy Amaranthus species.","authors":"D Scarpin, G Este, F D'Este, F Boscutti, A Milani, S Panozzo, S Varotto, M Vuerich, E Petrussa, E Braidot","doi":"10.1111/plb.13752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant phenotyping on morpho-anatomical traits through image analysis, from microscope images to large-scale acquisitions through remote sensing, represents a low-invasive tool providing insight into physiological and structural trait variation, as well as plant-environment interactions. High phenotype diversity in the genus Amaranthus includes annual weed species with high invasiveness and impact on important summer crops, and nutritive grain or vegetable crops. Identification of morpho-anatomical leaf characters at very young stages across weedy amaranths could be useful for better understanding their performance in agroecosystems. We used an innovative multi-scale approach with phenotype analyses of about 20 single-leaf morphometric traits of four Amaranthus species through processing confocal microscopy and camera acquisitions. The results highlight that determination of leaf traits at different investigation levels highlight species-specific traits at a juvenile stage, which are crucial for plant development, competition and establishment. Specifically, leaf circularity and hairiness Aspect Ratio better discriminated A. tuberculatus from other species. Also, leaf DW, hairiness area and perimeter variables allowed identification of dioecious amaranth species as distinct from monoecious species. The methodology used here provides a promising, reliable and low-impact approach for the functional characterization of phylogenetically related species and for statistical quantification of traits involved in taxonomy and biodiversity studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting hybridization in Chilean species of the genus Baccharis L.","authors":"F Schneider, F Hellwig","doi":"10.1111/plb.13751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Baccharis in Chile is an extraordinary example of admixture, previously described only morphologically and chemically. In Chile, the genus forms a homoploid complex with at least 16 species and 21 hybrids. Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) was used to clarify the hybrid character of Baccharis × intermedia, which originated from the species B. macraei and B. linearis. Additionally, B. vernalis, another species with a morphological resemblance to B. macraei, was subjected to analysis to ascertain its role in the hybridization process. A total of 11,006 SNPs and 72 individuals were analysed using Treemix, D- and f-statistics, which revealed genetic evidence of hybridization between B. macraei and B. linearis. Furthermore, other genetic indicators, such as a high level of heterozygosity, also provided evidence of the hybrid nature of Baccharis × intermedia. Additionally, one individual exhibited strong genetic proportions derived from B. vernalis, B. macraei, and B. linearis. Distinct individuals were clustered using sparse Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (sNMF) into five distinct groups, representing the described species and the hybrid. B. macraei exhibited division into a northern and a southern subpopulation. The morphological and chemical evidence of the hybrid character of Baccharis × intermedia is corroborated by genetic data. Further, the most likely evolutionary scenario is a hybrid swarm. Genetic differentiation between B. linearis and B. macraei indicates separation prior to secondary contact. The close relationship of B. macraei and B. vernalis was confirmed, suggesting that it may emerge as a vicariant species on different soil types.</p>","PeriodicalId":220,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}