2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of self-temperature-sensing of SC-Cut with simultaneous excitation of two higher overtones in dual-mode crystal oscillator","authors":"V. Stofanik, I. Balaz, M. Minárik, E. Cocherová","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622982","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with evaluation of self-temperature-sensing of stress compensated (SC) quartz resonator with simultaneous excitation of two higher overtones - the slow thickness-shear modes (i.e. the c-modes) in dual-mode crystal oscillator (DMXO). Two different combinations of overtones simultaneously excited in the standard 10-MHz 3rd overtone SC-cut resonator are compared here: - the 5th overtone excited together with the 3rd overtone; - and the 7th overtone excited together with the 3rd overtone. Possible applications of the self-temperature-sensing include: stabilization of the SC-cut resonatorpsilas temperature with excellent accuracy; as well as precise compensation for frequency shifts due to the variations of the temperature in the SC-cut resonator surrounding.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129791064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wave propagation in an acoustic wave guide sensor for liquids driven by pulsed excitation of surface acoustic waves","authors":"G. Lindner, H. Faustmann, S. Krempel, M. Munch, S. Rothballer, F. Singer","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622952","url":null,"abstract":"The wave propagation in an acoustic wave guide sensor filled with liquids and driven by pulsed excitation of Lamb waves on glass plates forming the boundaries of the wave guide has been analyzed with respect to the formation of different wave groups in the receiver signal. The results of model calculations of the wave propagation were compared with measured transit times. Evidence is provided for the capability of this sensor with respect to the detection of gas bubbles in liquids and the tracking of their movement.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114543966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Love wave sensors: Sectional guiding layers","authors":"P. Roach, M. Newton, G. McHale","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623092","url":null,"abstract":"Layer guided surface aoustic wave devices fabricated on ST-cut quartz are presented, having an S1813 photoresist guiding layer constructed only over the transducers. Experimental data is shown comparing devices with complete and so-called dasiasectionalpsila guiding layers both possessing enhanced mass sensitivity over a bare surface skimming bulk wave device. Sensitivity to rigid mass and viscous loading is demonstrated using gold deposition and water-glycerol mixtures. Protein adsorption was also followed using the sectional guiding layer devices. Advantages of sectional wave-guided sensors having a free propagation path are discussed.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"575 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116205169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensor response of superhydrophobic quartz crystal resonators","authors":"G. McHale, P. Roach, C. Evans, N. Shirtcliffe, S. Elliott, M. Newton","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623089","url":null,"abstract":"Quartz crystal microbalances are used to sense mass deposition from the gas or liquid phase, to determine the viscosity-density product of a liquid and to extract the shear moduli of polymers. These situations are described by the Sauerbrey equation, the Kanazawa and Gordon equation and by viscoelastic modeling of the full impedance spectrum of a crystal. In all of these cases the fundamental assumption in the theories of the sensor response is that a no-slip boundary condition is valid. For a smooth surface, this may be the case, but recently surfaces have been constructed that use high aspect ratio surface features to amplify the effect of surface chemistry (superhydrophobic surfaces). On these surfaces, droplets are effectively suspended on the tips of the surface features and roll easily. Moreover, recent reports have suggested that the steady flow of a simple Newtonian liquid, such as a water-glycerol mixture, over such a surface effectively occurs over a layer of air and so with greatly reduced drag. In this report, we discuss the effect of superhydrophobic surfaces on quartz crystals and develop an acoustic reflection view of crystal resonance to describe how the acoustic response might be modified. We present data for three types of superhydrophobic surfaces: a) a micro-post based surface, b) a titanium dioxide based surface and c) two silicon dioxide based surfaces. The impedance spectra are analyzed for frequency and dissipation changes in response to immersion in water-glycerol solutions. We compare the results to i) a theory for a quartz crystal in contact with a Newtonian liquid assuming a slip boundary condition, and ii) to an acoustic reflection view of the sensor response. When the slip length is much less than the shear wave penetration depth, the slip boundary condition predicts the frequency response has a response equal to a Kanazawa and Gordon liquid term plus an additional Sauerbrey \"rigid\" liquid mass; to first order the dissipation is unchanged from the Kanazawa and Gordon value. The data for the surfaces with the shortest micro-posts and for the titanium dioxide based surfaces is consistent with these expectations. We interpret this as due to penetration of the liquid into the surface structure. For the surface with the tallest micro-posts and for one of the silicon dioxide surfaces both frequency decrease and dissipation increase are substantially less than predicted by the Kanazawa and Gordon equation. We interpret this within the acoustic reflection view as due to the presence of an air layer, due to the superhydrophobicity, and its effect on decoupling the response of the crystal.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132208380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic wave biosensor for detecting DNA conformation; A study with QCM-D","authors":"A. Tsortos, G. Papadakis, E. Gizeli","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623017","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes the development of a real-time rapid technique for the quantitative characterization of DNA intrinsic curvature and conformational changes. We present a new approach where a label-free acoustic biosensor (QCM-D) is used for the detection of DNA conformation independently of bound DNA mass. DNA molecules bind to a neutravidin modified device surface by use of a biotin linker. Acoustic results, expressed as the ratio of dissipation over frequency change, DeltaD/Deltaf, provide insight on (intrinsic) viscosity changes [eta] occurring at the sensor/liquid interface as a result of DNA binding. Quantitative results regarding both the size and shape of DNAs were obtained, for the first time, by combining acoustic measurements with a mathematical treatment of solution viscosity theory. More specifically, we show that: DeltaD/Deltaf ~ [eta]. Acoustic measurements can clearly distinguish between ds-DNAs of same shape (rod) but various sizes (lengths of 20 up to 198 bp) and, of same mass and size (90 bp) but in various shapes (ldquostraightrdquo, ldquobentrdquo, ldquotrianglerdquo). Our results agree well with published qualitative observations and suggest that acoustic biosensors can be developed into a powerful tool for studying DNA conformational changes.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132229053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balanced low-loss longitudinally-coupled double-mode resonator saw filters with impedance conversion","authors":"S. Doberstein","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622989","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the new wideband balanced low-loss SAW filter with impedance conversion from 50-100 Omega to 200-300 Omega in a wide fractional bandwidth of 2-6%. The two types of the longitudinally-coupled double-mode resonator filters on 42deg YX LiTaO3, 64deg YX and 41deg YX LiNbO3 are used for this purpose. The first type of the filters is realized as a two-transducer scheme. The second type of the filters is built as the three-transducer scheme. The impedance conversion in the two-transducer filters is provided by a sectional output transducer. The impedance conversion in the three-transducer filters is attained by a series connection of the side transducers. The optimization of a SAW filter is provided with a computer simulation using an equivalent circuit model. The 240-361 MHz samples of the balanced SAW filters have shown an insertion loss of 2-3 dB, stopband attenuation of 20-50 dB. The filters were housed in the 5x5x1.35 mm SMD packages.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133303644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The search for gravitational waves","authors":"F. Raab, Ligo Hanford","doi":"10.1051/EAS:0830002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EAS:0830002","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a significant advance in the sensitivity of broadband searches for gravitational waves, using an international network of kilometer-scale laser interferometers. This network has recently concluded a 22-month search for gravitational waves, covering a frequency range from 50 Hz to several kHz. Sensitivity to strains in space of the order of 10-21 brings a variety of potential signals into range, from distortions of spinning neutron stars in our galaxy to the mergers of neutron stars and black holes in the Virgo cluster of galaxies. Technology development for a second generation of interferometers has matured and construction of advanced LIGO interferometers began in 2008. This second generation of detectors, operating at the quantum limit, should provide a thousand-fold increase in the volume of space accessible to earthbound gravitational-wave detectors. Although the first detection of gravitational waves may be achieved by first-generation detectors before installation of advanced LIGO begins in 2011, second-generation detectors will enable the routine detection of sources needed for gravitational-wave astronomy. This article describes the first and second generation detectors, gives some insight into what we have learned from observations and outlines future directions in this field.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125712675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic temperature compensation of aluminum nitride Lamb wave resonators for multiple-frequency references","authors":"J. Kuypers, Chih-Ming Lin, G. Vigevani, A. Pisano","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622998","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the temperature compensation of aluminum nitride (AlN) Lamb wave resonators for a future application to XOs and TCXOs for a frequency ranging from 100 MHz to 1000 MHz. The temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) for the lowest symmetric Lamb wave mode S0 for AlN plates with h/lambda<0.3 is found to be around -30 ppm/K. A zero TCF resonator is obtained by adding a compensating silicon dioxide layer. The low dispersion of the phase velocity for the S0-mode propagating in thin AlN plates reduces not only the fabrication tolerances towards thickness variations of the AlN layer, but also enables resonators operating over a wide frequency range, i.e. from 100 MHz to 1000 MHz, based on two absolute film thicknesses for AlN and SiO2 achieving near zero TCF over the entire frequency range. The acoustic properties and different layer configurations of zero TCF Lamb wave devices are discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123830154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MMIC regenerative divider","authors":"T. Pham, H. Fudem, P. Green, M. Driscoll, P. Dever, M. Hauser","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623063","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on performance of a UHF MMIC regenerative divider designed and fabricated at the Northrop Grumman Advanced Technology Labs. It uses Northrop Grumman Corporations standard GaAs HBT low phase noise process in order to achieve superior phase noise performance. Use of the MMIC divider results in a 50:1 area reduction in circuit size, compared to dividers employing discrete, surface mount components.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121056447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of MEMS, programmable, and synthesized frequency control devices versus traditional quartz based devices","authors":"R. Henry, D. Kenny","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623027","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years there has been a natural evolution of frequency control devices. This has come about due to the various requirements, some being cost driven, others performance/reliability issues and others by the ever reducing design cycle times. The incumbent quartz based devices have long since been the standard by which most of the new invention devices are compared, at least from a marketing standpoint. This is due to the long (some 75 years) history of quartz as a very stable, high quality material. Frequency versus temperature response as well as aging, jitter and phase noise characteristics are well chronicled in the industry. However a concise technical correlation of such characteristics with the dasiareplacementpsila technology is rather elusive. This exercise seeks to apply standard measurement techniques under the same test conditions for all devices for direct comparison of performance and capability. All devices characterized in this paper were commercially purchased to ensure a random sampling of the technology. This data represents the technology that was commercially available at the time of the study.","PeriodicalId":220442,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115928157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}