Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy最新文献

{"title":"Rethinking treatment motivation in addiction care: executive functions and personality over clinical severity- a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Seda Tek Sevindik, Mehmet Aykut Erk, Sunay Firat","doi":"10.1186/s13011-026-00749-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-026-00749-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol and substance use disorders are chronic mental disorders characterised by high relapse rates, and treatment motivation is one of the most important determinants of success in the treatment process. However, in clinical practice, significant differences in treatment motivation are observed among individuals with similar levels of addiction severity. This suggests that motivation may be closely related not only to clinical severity indicators but also to cognitive and personality-related processes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between treatment motivation and executive functions, emotional-behavioural characteristics, and personality dimensions in individuals undergoing inpatient treatment at the Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment and Center (ADATC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study, conducted between April and August 2025 using a descriptive and cross-sectional design, included 190 individuals undergoing inpatient treatment at ADATC for alcohol and substance use disorders. Data were collected using the Sociodemographic Data Form, Treatment Motivation Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Form, Addiction Profile Index-Clinical Form, and Solution-Focused Inventory. Analyses were performed using correlation analyses and hierarchical multiple regression analyses with SPSS v26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It has been determined that the severity of addiction does not significantly predict treatment motivation. In contrast, executive functions, particularly goal-directedness, have been found to be among the strongest and most significant predictors of treatment motivation. When executive functions were included in the model, the effects of addiction severity and emotional-behaviouralsymptoms on treatment motivation lost their significance. In terms of personality traits, neuroticism and extraversion were associated with higher treatment motivation, while psychoticism traits were found to be associated with lower motivation levels in individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that treatment motivation is more closely related to an individual's executive function capacity and personality traits than to clinical severity indicators. The findings emphasise the importance of considering cognitive and personality-based variables in assessing motivational processes in addiction treatment and contribute to the development of more individualised treatment approaches.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials id: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addiction management and rehabilitation programs in Saudi Arabia: a scoping review of current practices and opportunities for healthcare technology integration.","authors":"Mohamed Baklola, Mohamed Terra, Mohammed Al-Azab, Ghada Elkhawaga, Najim Alshahrani","doi":"10.1186/s13011-026-00767-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-026-00767-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use disorders (SUDs) represent a growing public health challenge in Saudi Arabia despite strict legal and social controls. Addiction management is primarily delivered through centralized inpatient and residential rehabilitation programs; however, the available evidence remains fragmented, and opportunities for healthcare technology integration have not been comprehensively synthesized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to map addiction management and rehabilitation programs in Saudi Arabia and identify opportunities for healthcare technology integration. Comprehensive searches were performed across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and supplementary sources from database inception to October 2025. Original empirical studies evaluating addiction treatment, rehabilitation, or aftercare services in Saudi Arabia were included. Data were systematically charted and synthesized using a descriptive thematic narrative approach. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies published between 1995 and 2024 met the inclusion criteria. The evidence demonstrated a progressive evolution from predominantly detoxification-focused services toward multidisciplinary rehabilitation models incorporating therapeutic communities and structured aftercare. Despite these advances, long-term retention remained limited, relapse and hospital readmission were common, and community-based rehabilitation was underrepresented. Social determinants, particularly unemployment, family conflict, and limited social support, consistently influenced rehabilitation outcomes. Healthcare technology integration was minimal, with electronic health records primarily used for retrospective analyses and no studies evaluating telehealth, mobile health applications, remote monitoring, or artificial intelligence-supported addiction care. Methodological quality was predominantly moderate, with three studies rated as high quality, five as moderate quality, and one as low quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although addiction rehabilitation services in Saudi Arabia have evolved toward more comprehensive multidisciplinary models of care, important gaps remain in long-term recovery support, community-based rehabilitation, standardized outcome monitoring, and digital health integration. Strengthening aftercare and adopting healthcare technologies may improve continuity of care, enhance recovery outcomes, and support the ongoing transformation of addiction services under Saudi Vision 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of drug harm by final-year medical students and ChatGPT - a comparative analysis.","authors":"Isak Näslund, Michael Ott, Alexander Vucins, Ursula Werneke","doi":"10.1186/s13011-026-00762-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-026-00762-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly integrated into medical education and clinical practice. Junior medical staff often act as first-line responders in substance-related presentations, yet their perceptions of drug-related harm are not well characterised. It is unclear how their assessments compare with harm ratings generated by emerging AI tools. This study aimed to compare final-year medical students' harm ratings of recreational drugs and alcohol to users and society with those generated by ChatGPT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>110 final-year medical students (59.1% response rate) rated the harmfulness of 28 recreational drugs to individual users on a 1-10 scale and ranked seven drug classes for societal harm. ChatGPT-4 (paid subscription version) generated 40 response sets in five conversations through repeated administration of the same survey. Discrepancies in harm ratings to users and rankings of societal harm were analysed descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Students rated their drug harm knowledge at 5.8/10 (SD 1.7) and their education on drug harm at 5.3/10 (SD 1.8). ChatGPT rated its drug harm knowledge at 8.3/10 (SD 1.2). The mean harm-to-user scores across the 28 substances were 6.7 (SD 1.8) for students and 6.4 (SD 0.8) across the repeated ChatGPT response sets. Both groups identified heroin, crack cocaine, and fentanyl as the most harmful substances. Differences were observed for less harmful substances: students rated snus (smokeless tobacco), laughing gas, and cannabis least harmful, whereas ChatGPT rated magic mushrooms, DMT/ayahuasca, and LSD least harmful. ChatGPT ratings were more similar to those of previously published expert panels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Students and ChatGPT strongly agreed on the most harmful substances but differed in their assessments of moderately and minimally harmful drugs. These differences suggest that perceptions of drug harm are shaped not only by pharmacology and toxicity but also by social and cultural context, local patterns of use, clinical exposure and experience, and medical training. AI may be of limited value when the evidence base is sparse, contested, or difficult to trace. The lower confidence among students suggests that further research is needed to better understand educational needs in drug-harm assessment and the critical appraisal of AI-generated evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13587526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unemployment & opioid use disorder - socio-medical assessment results by the Medical Service of the German Federal Employment Agency.","authors":"Michael Soyka, Kirsi Manz, Andreas G Franke","doi":"10.1186/s13011-026-00752-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-026-00752-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interrelationship between unemployment and substance use disorders, especially opioid use disorders, is complex, and basic epidemiological data are lacking both in Germany and elsewhere. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence rates of opioid use disorder, work ability, and associated factors among unemployed individuals with opioid use disorder who underwent socio-medical assessment by the Medical Service (MS) of the Federal Employment Agency (FEA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All socio-medical assessments conducted between 2016 and 2021 (N = 4,249,028) were extracted from the FEA database and analyzed with respect to relevant sociodemographic characteristics, opioid use disorder (ICD-10 F11.x diagnosis) and work ability. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4,249,028 unemployed individuals were assessed. Of these, 22,683 clients (0.5%) met an F11.x diagnosis (primary or secondary); mostly opioid dependence (N = 20,506; 94.3%). The number of diagnoses increased over time (2016-2021). Mean age was 40.7 ± 9.4 years. Overall, 15,065 (73.5%) were male and 5,441 (26.5%) were female. For individuals with a secondary diagnosis of F11.x, most frequent psychiatric comorbidities were alcohol dependence (27.8%), polysubstance use (17.6%), schizophrenia (8.8%), depression episode (8.3%) or recurrent depression (5.9%) and persistent pain disorder (6.1%). Regarding daily work capacity, 58.3% (n = 11,962) of individuals were able to work less than 3 h per day, 10.0% (n = 2,051) were able to work 3-6 h per day, and 17.4% (n = 3,568) were able to work more than 6 h per day.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of unemployed individuals with opioid dependence in Germany has increased over time, and most are unable to work more than three hours per day. The most frequent psychiatric comorbidities were other substance use disorders, particularly alcohol use disorder, schizophrenia, and depression. Somatic comorbidities, with the exception of chronic viral hepatitis, were recorded less frequently. Tailored interventions and closer collaboration between employment agencies and mental health care providers are needed to improve the psychosocial integration of this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between smoking, tobacco types, and depression in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals: a cross-sectional analysis from the CHARLS study.","authors":"Guozhong Chen, Hongmiao Tao","doi":"10.1186/s13011-026-00750-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-026-00750-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Depression is a major public health issue with a profound impact on quality of life and mortality. Tobacco smoke is a leading risk factor for various health conditions. However, the relationship between smoking, types of tobacco and depression remains underexplored, especially in middle-aged and elderly populations in China. This study mainly examines the associations between smoking status, types of tobacco products, and depression in middle-aged and elderly individuals in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were derived from all five waves (2011-2020) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in a pooled cross-sectional design. A total of 34,215 observations from adults aged 45 years and older were analysed. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10), with a score of 10 or higher indicating elevated depressive symptoms. Smoking status was categorized into current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers, and tobacco types included conventional cigarettes, self-rolled cigarettes, pipes, and others (cigars and hookahs). Multivariable logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of smoking and tobacco type with depressive symptoms. Generalized estimating equations and mixed-effects models were used as sensitivity analyses to account for repeated observations from the same individuals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D-10 ≥ 10) was 34.06%. Current smokers had an OR of 1.25 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.35; p < 0.001) and ex-smokers an OR of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.25; p < 0.001) relative to non-smokers. Among tobacco types, self-rolled cigarette smokers (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.35, 1.74; p < 0.001) and pipe smokers (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.35, 1.81; p < 0.001) showed the strongest associations, followed by users of cigars and hookahs (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.68; p < 0.001) and conventional cigarettes (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.19; p = 0.010).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this middle-aged and elderly Chinese population, smoking and all examined tobacco types were associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, with the strongest associations observed for self-rolled and pipe tobacco. Because the design is cross-sectional, these findings indicate associations rather than causal effects, and underscore the need to integrate mental-health considerations into tobacco-control efforts, including attention to traditional and non-cigarette tobacco products.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between viewing more media war content and higher intention to use cannabis in adolescents: the indirect effect of post-traumatic stress.","authors":"Mia-Joe Milane, Souheil Hallit, Sahar Obeid, Rabih Hallit, Diana Malaeb, Fouad Sakr, Mariam Dabbous, Georges Haddad, Feten Fekih-Romdhane","doi":"10.1186/s13011-026-00754-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-026-00754-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflicts increased the risk of multifront war, especially with bordering countries like Lebanon. In addition, with the increased use of media, graphic war content is easily transmitted to adolescents without regulation. This has significantly impacted their lives, mentally and physically, leading to the search for coping mechanisms like cannabis use. However, the exact link between war media exposure and cannabis use intention is still uncertain. This study aims to assess the hypothesis that PTSD can be a key mediator in the association between war media exposure and cannabis use intention in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted, and data was collected from seven hundred fifty-eight adolescents from the general population of Lebanon that filled the survey, with a mean age of 16 years old.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mediation analysis showed that the indirect effect of PTSD between war media exposure and cannabis use intention was significant (Beta = 0.01, BootSE = 0.01, 95% CI 0.001, 0.02). PTSD fully mediated the association between war media exposure and cannabis use intentions. Higher war media exposure was significantly associated with more PTSD, and higher PTSD was significantly associated with higher cannabis use intentions. Finally, war media exposure was not significantly associated with cannabis use intentions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Watching disturbing war images can increase the risk of mental health morbidities like PTSD, which could lead, in turn, to intention to use cannabis to alleviate this mental burden. This suggests that assessing and treating PTSD could help prevent cannabis use among adolescents during war times.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing benzodiazepine dependence arising from use of the adulterated opioid supply: a commentary.","authors":"Gurkiran Parmar, Nicole Malette, Josey Ross, Alexis Crabtree, Paxton Bach","doi":"10.1186/s13011-026-00747-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-026-00747-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing presence of benzodiazepine-adulterated opioids in the unregulated drug supply poses significant challenges for clinicians treating people with opioid use disorder. This commentary highlights key areas of uncertainty and emerging agreement on screening, risk assessment, withdrawal timelines, and treatment approaches for individuals using benzodiazepine-adulterated opioids. It also identifies gaps in community-based support, the effectiveness of drug checking, and the role of medications for opioid use disorder in managing opioid-benzodiazepine withdrawal. Together, these scenarios demonstrate rapidly evolving challenges and the need to refine clinical practices in order to improve care for individuals affected by the evolving unregulated drug supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13383429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148536931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience in drug recovery: insights from treatment and rehabilitation programmes in Malaysia.","authors":"Siti Zulaikha Mustapha, Yarina Ahmad, Nur Amalina Aziz, Amanda Balqis Mohd Mazalan, Nor Azira Ayob, Nor Farizah Johari","doi":"10.1186/s13011-026-00745-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-026-00745-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This paper explores key factors influencing individuals' resilience upon experiencing drug use disorder and the barriers to resilience that they face, based on insights from drug treatment and rehabilitation programmes implemented in Malaysia. Despite continuous efforts, drug use disorder remains a persistent issue linked to broader social and security concerns.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A qualitative case study approach was employed, involving four Cure and Care 1Malaysia (C&C1M) clinics across Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 37 participants, including both clients and service providers, were involved in this study. Data were analysed using thematic analysis with the support of NVivo software.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The findings indicate that participants' resilience is shaped through treatment and rehabilitation process. Two key factors were identified: (1) the guidance, support, and trust that clients receive during recovery; and (2) the need for post-treatment programme enhancement. Whereas, the barriers to resilience consist of (1) individuals' self-reliance and (2) limited institutional support. Therefore, this paper argues that it is important to enhance the resilience of individuals who have the experience of being involved in drug use disorder. This can be done by: (1) emphasising aftercare services; (2) empowering clients; and (3) strengthening policy implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The findings offer important implications for improving drug treatment policies and strengthening long-term recovery strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the importance of strengthening resilience as part of recovery efforts. Sustained recovery requires continuous support beyond institutional settings, through the involvement of multiple stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148456998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is routine screening for substance use disorders useful in palliative care? Results of a prospective observational study.","authors":"Christian Volberg, Katharina Toussaint, Jorge Riera-Knorrenschild, Felix Carl Fabian Schmitt, Astrid Morin, Martin Gschnell, Nils Heuser","doi":"10.1186/s13011-026-00748-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-026-00748-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use disorders are an increasingly prevalent issue in today's society, and they can be caused by prescription of drugs with addictive potential. Patients with incurable diseases often experience severe symptoms and require medications with the potential to cause dependence. For patients with a predisposition to addiction, this can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, further reducing their quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Over a period of six months, all patients newly admitted to the palliative care unit were screened for unusual medication use. If the initial survey, which used the 'Short Questionnaire on Medication Use', revealed abnormal results, the WHO-ASSIST V3.0 questionnaire was administered to identify substance use disorders and the extent of dependence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 181 patients were admitted to the palliative care unit during the survey period. Of these, the initial screening could not be performed in 119 patients (65.7%) due to accompanying circumstances. Of the 62 patients who were included in the study, 15 (24.2%) had an elevated score on the 'Short Questionnaire on Medication Use'. The WHO-ASSIST V3.0 questionnaire indicated positive consumption of alcohol in 100% of cases, opioids in 86.7% of cases, tobacco in 73.3% of cases, and sedatives and sleeping pills in 53.3% of cases. Most respondents were at moderate risk of dependence, with only one person at high risk of opioid use. However, further treatment for a substance use disorder was not deemed to be clinically relevant for any of the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This survey found that routinely screening palliative care patients for substance use disorders did not provide any clinically relevant information for further treatment of the examined cohort. Given the high level of stress often experienced by people with incurable diseases, the extent to which screening is helpful or merely an unnecessary burden should be considered. As other surveys have shown that palliative care patients with substance use disorders benefit from treatment, follow-up studies should investigate how to identify patients at risk specifically.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13383392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148457005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in substance use among trans, non-binary and cis people in Spain: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Florentino Quinteiro, Sara Moreno-García, María José Belza, Begoña Brime, Mark Padilla, Juan Miguel Guerras, Paule Gonzalez-Recio","doi":"10.1186/s13011-026-00741-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-026-00741-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Differences in substance use have been reported to be higher among transgender and non-binary people (TNBP) than among their cisgender peers, although previous comparison studies are limited, especially in Europe. This study aimed to estimate and compare past-year and past-month prevalence of multiple substances between TNBP and cis people in Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study conducted with data from 19,948 individuals aged 15-45 years, 1582 of which were TNBP. Most TNBP were recruited through Transaludes survey, a national self-administered online questionnaire on trans health that used a diversified convenience sampling. Cis participants and a small portion of the TNBP sample were recruited through EDADES, a household-based national survey on drug use with a general population random sampling design. Past 12-months and past-month use was assessed for 11 substances. Prevalence of use was calculated for trans women, cis women, trans men, cis men and non-binary people. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance, comparing trans women vs. cis women, trans men vs. cis men and non-binary people vs. cis men and women, adjusting for sociodemographic covariables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cannabis was the most used substance in all five groups across both time periods. In the past 12 months, poppers were the second most commonly used substance among trans women, while non-medical use tranquilisers ranked second among trans men and non-binary people. Compared with cis peers, aPRs were higher for all substances among trans women and non-binary people and for most among trans men. Overall, the highest aPRs were observed in poppers use, whereas cocaine and cannabis showed smaller gaps.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TNBP show a higher prevalence of substance use compared with their cis peers, particularly women. Public health policies should consider the cultural and social specificities of substance use within TNB communities in addition to structural vulnerabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148412690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}