Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy最新文献

{"title":"Cannabis use characteristics and associations with problematic use outcomes, quitting-related factors, and mental health among US young adults.","authors":"Carla J Berg, Cassidy R LoParco, Katelyn F Romm, Yuxian Cui, Darcey M McCready, Yan Wang, Y Tony Yang, Hannah S Szlyk, Erin Kasson, Rishika Chakraborty, Patricia A Cavazos-Rehg","doi":"10.1186/s13011-025-00634-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-025-00634-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Given the changes in trends of cannabis use (e.g., product types), this study examined latent classes of young adult use and associations with use-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 2023 survey data among 4,031 US young adults (M_age=26.29, 59.4% female, 19.0% Hispanic, 13.5% Black, 13.6% Asian). Among those reporting past-month use (48.8%), latent class analysis (LCA) indicators included: days used (1-5; 6-20; 21-30), use/day (1; 2-4; ≥5), and type usually used (herb/flower; edibles; oils/vape; concentrates/other). Multivariable regressions examined class in relation to problematic use, quitting-related factors, and mental health, controlling for sociodemographics and state non-medical cannabis laws.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LCA identified 4 classes of cannabis use frequency and types used: 'infrequent-herb/edibles' (41.4%), 'frequent-herb' (16.8%), 'moderate-herb' (28.0%), and 'moderate-oil/other' (13.8%). In multivariable analyses (referent group: 'moderate-herb' class), 'frequent-herb' reported less problematic use (B=-0.18, 95%CI=-0.30, -0.07), while 'moderate-oil/other' reported greater (B = 0.39, 95%CI = 0.27, 0.51). 'Infrequent-herb/edibles' had lower odds of driving post-use of cannabis (aOR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.22, 0.37) and cannabis/alcohol (aOR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.35, 0.76), whereas 'frequent-herb' (aOR = 1.52, 95%CI = 1.02, 2.28) and 'moderate-oil/other' (aOR = 3.98, 95%CI = 2.72, 5.82) reported greater odds of driving post-cannabis/alcohol use. 'Moderate-oil/other' reported higher quitting importance (B = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.17, 1.01), while 'frequent-herb' reported lower (B=-0.33, 95%CI=-0.99, -0.18). 'Infrequent-herb/edibles' reported higher quitting confidence (B = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.20, 0.92), whereas 'frequent-herb' (B=-1.01, 95%CI=-1.45, -0.57) and 'moderate-oil/other' (B=-1.27, 95%CI=-1.74, -0.81) reported lower. 'Infrequent-herb/edibles' reported fewer mental health symptoms (B=-0.55, 95%CI=-0.93, -0.17), while 'moderate-oil/other' reported more (B = 1.03, 95%CI = 0.53, 1.52).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preventing frequent and moderate use of cannabis, particularly of oils/concentrates, is crucial given the potential negative implications for problematic use, quitting, and mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"20 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the needs for cultural adaptation of DARE-keepin' it REAL among Brazilian students: strategies to improve implementation.","authors":"Juliana Y Valente, Bianca Franciosi, Rodrigo Garcia-Cerde, Tania Pietrobon, Zila M Sanchez","doi":"10.1186/s13011-024-00630-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-024-00630-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The widely implemented prevention program in Brazil, PROERD (a translated version of the DARE-kiR program), showed no evidence of effect in preventing drug use in a recent trial. The lack of cultural adaptation and instructors' deviations from the curriculum were identified as potential reasons for its ineffectiveness. This study aims to identify points of inadequacy of the PROERD program for the Brazilian culture, suggesting strategies for revising the curriculum to improve implementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We triangulated data obtained from three different groups of study participants: semi-structured interviews with the law enforcement officer who implemented the program, focus groups with students who participated in the program, and questionnaires completed by external experts in the prevention field who evaluated the program's manuals. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis based on the Ecological Validity Model theory, which encompasses three main axes: methodology, content, and language to identify the main points for cultural adaptation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regarding the program's methodology, there is an excess of activities with little interactivity involving literacy skills that do not match Brazilian students' cognitive development and require equipment unavailable in Brazilian public schools. Regarding content, activities were considered appropriate for evidence-based prevention; however, there were some contradictions related to the drug content. The language presented in the program's manuals was considered inappropriate for the culture of Brazilian youth (vocabulary, examples, and images).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, this study strongly recommends revising the PROERD curriculum Caindo na Real, ensuring it will align with the international prevention standards and Brazilian Culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"19 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11687073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding MAT access in the context of unused MAT capacity in the United States: when increasing rural MAT capacity is not enough.","authors":"Carolyn Carpenedo Mun, Rachel Zambrano, Eileen Tallman, Heather Schuler, Elena Bresani, Kathleen Meyers","doi":"10.1186/s13011-024-00628-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-024-00628-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Section 1262 Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023 eliminates the federal DATA waiver registration requirement to prescribe buprenorphine for opioid use disorder (OUD), along with patient limits, perhaps as a way to increase provider capacity to prescribe buprenorphine. Understanding the factors that influence provider capacity, patient access, and whether community need for MAT is met could inform how to capitalize on DATA waiver eliminations in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational study utilized required reporting from two cohorts of the Rural Communities Opioid Response Program (RCORP). Consortia (N = 80) provided data on OUD/SUD-related services, service area information, consortium membership, and grant progress, including barriers to and facilitators of achievements. These data were combined with National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and U.S. Census Bureau's 2016-2020 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates Data to examine MAT capacity, access, and service area need.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 79% increase in potential buprenorphine prescribers from 2019 to 2022 resulted in 1,060 rural providers with the ability to prescribe buprenorphine. The number of individuals who received MAT increased by 42% over the same three years, with over 20,000 individuals receiving MAT by the end of the funding period. While both capacity and access did increase, an additional 11,454 individuals could have potentially received buprenorphine if all waivered providers prescribed to a conservative patient limit of thirty patients. 70% of consortia provided MAT to at least 11.5% of their estimated service area need (national rate of MAT provision among individuals 18 years and older with an OUD), indicating unused MAT capacity was not related to lack of service area need. Provider (e.g., concerns of clinical complexity), patient (e.g., mistrust of the healthcare system), pharmacy (e.g., cost concerns), and pharmacist (e.g., stigma) barriers impacted MAT provision and availability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MAT treatment capacity is a necessary but not exclusive requirement for increasing access to MAT. Addressing the multi-faceted barriers to prescribing MAT, particularly buprenorphine, will be critical to ensure the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2023 does in fact result in a larger workforce that actually prescribes buprenorphine and a pharmacy system that stocks these medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"19 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the drug addiction treatment service by introducing a new residential treatment model in the Philippines: A qualitative study.","authors":"Shogo Kanamori, Tomohiro Shirasaka, Ma Teresa Iñigo, Alfonso Villaroman, Rosalina Noguera-Caoile, Aya Mizusawa, Jasmin Peralta, Takayuki Harada","doi":"10.1186/s13011-024-00626-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-024-00626-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an increased demand for quality treatment and rehabilitation services for people who use drugs (PWUDs) in the Philippines. In response, the Philippines Government's Department of Health (DOH) has established a new residential treatment model, Intensive Treatment and Rehabilitation Program for Residential Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers (INTREPRET), and integrated it into the existing treatment service platform of 21 DOH-owned Treatment and Rehabilitation Centers (TRCs). We conducted a qualitative study to identify the changes engendered by the implementation of this treatment model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected through individual face-to-face interviews. We interviewed purposefully selected 29 patients and 35 facilitators of INTREPRET group sessions in seven TRCs. We transcribed the interview records and organized the narrative information into key themes using thematic analysis during the coding process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The changes perceived by the study participants included the attitude and behavior of patients, attitude and competency of facilitators, relationship between facilitators and patients, treatment planning and review process, efficient and standardized treatment services, and monitoring mechanisms of the patient's recovery process. Participants also noted challenges in INTREPRET implementation, including family participation in therapy sessions, lack of facilitators, securing a conducive place for conducting sessions, and reproducing workbooks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results imply that the introduction of INTREPRET could improve treatment service quality and the effectiveness of treatment, which were primarily associated with behavioral changes in patients, improved relationship between patients and facilitators, and INTREPRET's alignment with key international treatment standards. However, despite the positive changes perceived by the participants, certain challenges pertaining to family participation in therapy sessions and the lack of resources were identified. These criticisms must be addressed by DOH, along with an integration of INTREPRET into its policy and strategic framework, to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of the new treatment model.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"19 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11566275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 public health restrictions and opioid overdoes: a summative content analysis of emergency medical services records in three Texas counties.","authors":"S Scott Graham, Nandini Sharma, Tristin B Hooker, Kimberlyn Harrison, Kasey Claborn","doi":"10.1186/s13011-024-00627-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-024-00627-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the broad recognition of increased U.S. opioid overdose (OOD) rates between 2020 and 2021, media, public health, and healthcare organizations have raised significant concerns over the emergence of a simultaneous COVID-19-opioid \"twindemic.\" Research in this area has explored the possible relationships between negative externalities associated with the pandemic and/or COVID-19 public health interventions and increased risks for opioid use and overdose alongside diminished outcomes following OOD events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study offers a summative content analysis of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) responses to opioid overdose (OOD) events before and after the institution of COVID-19 restrictions. Specifically, the study investigates three Texas counties to evaluate changing OOD rates, patient demographics, and OOD event features. The analysis uses a previously validated machine learning tool to identify OOD events and conducted a summative content analysis of identified events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1170 OOD responses events were identified in the three-county dataset. This includes 874 in Travis County, 242 in El Paso County, and 54 in Williamson County. Each county experienced modest changes in EMS calls for OOD events between the pre-restriction and public health restriction time periods. Travis County's OOD event rate declined from 454 to 420. El Paso's increased from 103 to 139, and Williamson County's increased from 23 to 31. These changes were not significant as percentage of possible OOD events or based on by-month comparison. The notable differences between pre-restriction and public health restriction periods were significant decreases in documentation of patient race/ethnicity in Travis and Williamson Counties, significant decreases in housing insecurity and use alone in Travis County, and an increase in transport refusal after treatment in the field in Travis County.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ultimately the results presented here problematize prevailing analyses about the so-called opioid-COVID-19 \"twindemic.\" The data further support emerging trends about substantial geographic variation and show some ways that COVID-19 mitigation measures may have improved conditions for some populations, particularly in terms of housing security. Additionally, the results presented here indicate that further attention should be paid to the effects of first responder stress on documentation quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"19 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11545770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between insecure attachment and nicotine dependence among users of classic cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products: a moderated mediation model.","authors":"Maria Nicoleta Turliuc,Octav-Sorin Candel,Mihaela Jitaru","doi":"10.1186/s13011-024-00623-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-024-00623-9","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPrevious research has investigated the association between attachment styles and smoking behaviors, indicating a positive association of insecure attachment styles with nicotine dependence. However, these links were mostly explored in adolescent and student samples. Moreover, the explanatory mechanisms and the variables influencing the strength of this relationship remained understudied. In this context, the present study aims to: (1) examine the associations between attachment anxiety, avoidance, and nicotine dependence; (2) investigate the mediating role of emotion dysregulation and metacognitions about smoking; and (3) test the moderating roles of psychological capital and type of tobacco product used by the participants.METHODThis cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 447 participants who reported smoking. The age range of participants was 18 to 64 (M = 26.76; 59.7% women). All participants have completed five questionnaires measuring nicotine dependence, adult attachment, emotion dysregulation, metacognitions about smoking, and psychological capital. They also reported the type of tobacco product commonly used: classic cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or heated tobacco products.RESULTSOur findings show that the direct link between insecure attachment and nicotine dependence is rather inconsistent. However, it was mediated by the metacognitions about smoking. Psychological capital can act as a protective factor against the effects of attachment on nicotine dependence, especially for those using alternative tobacco products alongside classic cigarettes.CONCLUSIONSThe findings highlight the possibility of developing better-tailored interventions and treatments to discourage smoking and increase smoking cessation. These should focus on eliminating the dysfunctional beliefs related to the metacognitions about smoking and on improving the levels of psychological capital. In addition, targeting attachment insecurities in early adolescence can also function as a mean to prevent smoking.","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"17 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access and barriers to safer supply prescribing during a toxic drug emergency: a mixed methods study of implementation in British Columbia, Canada.","authors":"Karen A Urbanoski,Thea van Roode,Marion Selfridge,Katherine C Hogan,James Fraser,Kurt Lock,Phoenix Beck McGreevy,Charlene Burmeister,Brittany Barker,Amanda Slaunwhite,Bohdan Nosyk,Bernadette Pauly","doi":"10.1186/s13011-024-00625-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-024-00625-7","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDIn March 2020, British Columbia, Canada, introduced prescribed safer supply involving the distribution of pharmaceutical grade alternatives to the unregulated toxic drug supply. Prior research has demonstrated positive impacts on overdose mortality, but with limited reach to people who use substances. Objectives of this study were to (1) identify barriers to accessing safer supply prescribing among people who use substances; and (2) determine whether and how barriers differed between people with and without prescriptions, and between urban and rural settings.METHODSWe conducted a participatory mixed-methods study guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Participants (≥ 19 years old) had received a safer supply prescription or were seeking one (survey n = 353; interviews n = 54).RESULTSParticipants who had a prescription were more likely to be living in a large urban centre, compared to medium/smaller centres and rural areas (78.5% vs. 65.8%, standardized mean difference = 0.286). Participants who did not have a prescription were more likely to report an array of structural, interpersonal, and health-related barriers (compared to those who had a prescription). In interviews, participants linked experiences of barriers to stigma and criminalization, low availability of services, lack of information and prescribers, not being able to get what they need, and anxieties, worries and doubts stemming from personal circumstances. There were no notable differences between large urban centres and medium/smaller centres and rural areas in the presence of specific types of barriers.CONCLUSIONSFindings demonstrate restricted access to safer supply prescribing outside of large urban centres and provide future targets for enhancing implementation. Attention is needed to promote equity and counter systemic barriers in the implementation of responses to the ongoing toxic drug emergency.","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"79 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initiation and/or re-initiation of drug use among people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada from 2021 to 2022: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Anjali Sergeant,Paxton Bach,Jingxin Lei,Kora DeBeck,M-J Milloy,Kanna Hayashi","doi":"10.1186/s13011-024-00624-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-024-00624-8","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVESWidespread health service disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic coincided with a dramatic increase in overdose deaths among people who use drugs (PWUD) in Vancouver, Canada. Those with a history of injection drug use are known to be at heightened risk of substance-associated harms. Drug use patterns and associated sociodemographic and health care utilization trends have been understudied in this population since the pandemic onset. We sought to understand patterns of drug use initiation and/or re-initiation among people with a history of injection drug use (IVDU).METHODSData were obtained from three harmonized prospective cohort studies of PWUD in Vancouver. Participants with a lifetime history of IVDU who responded to a survey between June 2021 and May 2022 were included. The primary outcome variable was a composite of substance use initiation and re-initiation over the study period, labelled as drug (re)-initiation. A multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to examine factors associated with self-reported (re)-initiation of substance use over the past six months.RESULTSAmong 1061 participants, the median age was 47 years at baseline and 589 (55.5%) identified as men. In total, 183 (17.2%) participants reported initiating and/or re-initiating a drug, with 44 (4.1%) reporting new drug initiation and 148 (14.0%) reporting drug re-initiation (9 participants responded 'yes' to both). Overall, unregulated stimulants (e.g., crystal methamphetamine and cocaine) were the most common drug class (re-)initiated (n = 101; 55.2%), followed by opioids (n = 74; 40.4%) and psychedelics (n = 36; 19.7%). In the multivariable analysis, (re-)initiation of drug use was independently associated with recent IVDU (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02, 6.76), incarceration (AOR 3.36, CI 1.12, 10.14) and inability to access addiction treatment (AOR 4.91, 95% CI 1.22, 19.75).CONCLUSIONSIn an era impacted by the intersecting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the overdose crisis, nearly one in five PWUD with a history of IVDU began using a new drug and/or re-started use of a previous drug. Those who reported drug (re-)initiation exhibited riskier substance use behaviours and reported difficulty accessing treatment services. Our findings underscore the need to provide additional resources to support this high-risk population.","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"10 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-related inequalities in current cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa.","authors":"Richard Gyan Aboagye, Aliu Mohammed, Precious Adade Duodu, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah","doi":"10.1186/s13011-024-00619-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-024-00619-5","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Risky behaviours, including tobacco use, are highly prevalent among adolescents worldwide. Although these behaviours are largely influenced by various sociodemographic factors, including sex, there is a paucity of regionally representative literature on the sex-related inequalities in cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa. This study examined the sex-based disparities in current cigarette smoking among adolescents aged 13-15 years in Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The present study employed a secondary analysis of nationally representative data on 45 African countries obtained from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, accessible through the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory. We used the online version of the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) to generate the results.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The prevalence of current cigarette smoking among the adolescents surveyed ranged from 1.6% in Eritrea to 10.4% in Mali among the low-income countries, from 1.3% in Tanzania to 13.1% in Mauritania among the lower-middle-income countries, from 5.2% in Gabon to 15.3% in Mauritius among the upper-middle-income countries, and 14.7% in Seychelles, the only high-income country in the study. The absolute summary measure (D) showed diverse sex-related disparities in the burden of current cigarette smoking among adolescents across the sub-regions. In all countries surveyed, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was higher among male adolescents compared to females, except in Liberia and Mozambique, where female adolescents bore a more significant burden than their male counterparts. Furthermore, male adolescents were more burdened with high cigarette smoking prevalence than females in low-income countries such as Mali, Madagascar, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and The Gambia, where such disparities were most pronounced. Meanwhile, we found less disparity in the burden of cigarette smoking between male and female adolescents in most of the lower and upper-middle-income countries surveyed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study sheds light on the sex-based inequalities in the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa. In contrast to female adolescents, male adolescents bear a greater burden of current cigarette smoking. The burden of cigarette smoking is most pronounced in low-income countries such as Mali, Madagascar, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and The Gambia. Conversely, in most of the lower and upper-middle-income countries surveyed, the burdens of current cigarette smoking among male and female adolescents were found to be less disparate. Consequently, cigarette smoking prevention programmes and strategies must be implemented in all African nations. There is also the need to intensify interventions aimed at altering the smoking behaviour of male adolescents. Policymakers can develop and implement evidence-based interventions to address the burden of cigarette smo","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"19 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing support for substance use policies among the general public and policy influencers in two Canadian provinces.","authors":"Kimberley D Curtin, Mathew Thomson, Elaine Hyshka, Ian Colman, T Cameron Wild, Ana Paula Belon, Candace I J Nykiforuk","doi":"10.1186/s13011-024-00622-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13011-024-00622-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Examining support for substance use policies, including those for harm reduction, among the general public and policy influencers is a fundamental step to map the current policy landscape and leverage policy opportunities. Yet, this is a knowledge gap in Canada. Our paper identifies the level of support for substance use policies in two provinces in Canada and describes how the level of support is associated with intrusiveness and sociodemographic variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data came from the 2019 Chronic Disease Prevention Survey. The representative sample included members of the general public (Alberta n = 1648, Manitoba n = 1770) as well as policy influencers (Alberta n = 204, Manitoba n = 98). We measured the level of support for 22 public policies concerning substance use through a 4-point Likert-scale. The Nuffield Council on Bioethics Intervention Ladder framework was applied to assess intrusiveness. We used cumulative link models to run ordinal regressions for identification of explanatory sociodemographic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, there was generally strong support for the policies assessed. The general public in Manitoba was significantly more supportive of policies than its Alberta counterpart. Some differences were found between provinces and samples. For certain substance use policies, there was stronger support among women than men and among those with higher education than those with less education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results highlight areas where efforts are needed to increase support from both policy influencers and general public for adoption, implementation, and scaling of substance use policies. Socio-demographic variables related to support for substance use policies may be useful in informing strategies such as knowledge mobilization to advance the policy landscape in Western Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":22041,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy","volume":"19 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11373234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}